Sandstone Rocks Research Articles

Environmental and Ecological Approach in the Restoration of Historical Monuments

Architectural heritage preservation requires more attention to save historical monuments as it protects the distinctiveness of the country. However, large portions of construction and demolition waste come from the renovation sector. As such, the need for eco-friendly materials is a necessity to decreasing the environmental impact of renovation processes such as the carbon footprint and global warming. The study aims to use geopolymeric paste as a potential alternative for renovating architectural elements in Al-Attar Mosque, Tripoli, instead of cementitious materials that impact the environment. The mix design of the geopolymer paste consists of metakaolin and sodium-based alkaline solution. The paste is used to bind very old sandstone rocks provided by the historic mosque. The mechanical properties of the natural sandstone were tested with and without geopolymeric paste in different cutting conditions. In most of the samples, the cracking occurred in the stone itself and not in the geopolymer binder. This behaviour proved that the geopolymer binder is a good alternative to be used in renovating the wall, holding good mechanical properties. As such, it proved that it has good potential to be used in historical monuments. It is also an environmentally friendly material, with a lower carbon footprint than concrete.

Permeability estimates of a carbonate reservoir in Campos Basin, Southeastern Brazil, using well logs with empirical, multilinear regression and machine learning approaches

Well logging records the physical properties of geological formations and the fluids traversed by the wells. This operation is interested in parameters such as lithology, hydrocarbon presence, permeability, porosity, and fluid saturation. Generally, oil reservoirs are sandstone or carbonate rocks, and the latter’s characterization is a critical question in the petrophysical properties distribution, mainly permeability. Estimating permeability is a complex task due to the heterogeneity of these reservoirs. Therefore, this work used conventional logs to estimate the permeability of wells A03 and A10, both belonging to the oilfield A, Campos Basin, Southeastern Brazil. Alongside the logs, permeability measured in the laboratory in rock samples was used to validate the achieved estimates. Thus, the estimates used basic logs as input and approaches such as Timur empirical equation, multilinear regression, and machine learning techniques, like fuzzy logic, neural network, and decision tree. Pearson's coefficient of determination R was used as the comparison metric with the experimental data. The number of samples in training was 70%, with 15% in the validation and testing, and the results show that the first four estimates showed bad fits (R£0.60), while the decision tree showed good fits (R>0.60). This approach also showed that the gamma-ray and resistivity logs are the ones that have the most significant weight in the estimates.

Deep Groundwater Flow Patterns Induced by Mine Water Injection Activity

Mine water injection into deep formations is one of the effective approaches for reducing the drainage from coal mines in the arid and semi-arid region of the Ordos basin, China. Many coal mines are attempting to execute the related projects. Under the influence of groundwater protection, the understanding of regional groundwater flow is becoming highly important to the mine water monitoring, whereas quite few academic research teams focus on the deep groundwater flow pattern by mine water injection. This paper reveals the spatial distribution of Liujiagou Formation that is in positive correlation with the terrain, and its local thickness is influenced by the dominant W-E and NE-SW directions of geological structures. Only a part of sandstone rocks consists of aquifers, the rest 61.9% of relatively dry rock provide the enhanced storage space and partial mudstone aquicludes decrease the possibility of the vertical leakage for mine water. The dynamic storage capacity is evaluated at 2.36 Mm3 per 1 km2 and over 25.10 billion m3 in this study area. Two hydrogeologic cross-sections of basin-scale identify the W-E and N-S regional groundwater flow directions, with the lower Yellow River catchment becoming the discharged region. The hierarchically and steadily nested flow systems containing coal mining claims are influenced by coal mining activity. The groundwater depression cone in a shallow coal measure aquifer is caused by mine water drainage whereas the groundwater mound in Liujiagou Formation is generated by mine water injection activity. The numerical simulation revealed that the groundwater head rebound is slightly decreased and will not recover to its initial baseline within 500 years due to its low porosity and permeability. This study elucidates the deep groundwater flow patterns induced by mine water injection and provides a practical methodology for the management and pollution monitoring of mine water injection activity.

Effects of different pore shapes on the pressure and frequency dependence of velocities of oil-saturated tight sandstone

The pressure dependence of elastic parameters of rocks is mainly controlled by the geometry of the pore space. In general, the compliant-stiff pore structure model can be used to reasonably describe this pressure dependence. However, our experiment measurements revealed that for tight sandstone rock with complex pore structures, the contribution of the compressibility of the stiff pores to the elastic modulus is significant. The dual porosity is not sufficient to explain the variation of ultrasonic velocity with pressure. For this reason, we adopted a triple pore structure to divide the rock pore space into equant pores, intermediate pores and compliant pores. Our laboratory measurement and model results show that this pore space division can better describe the pressure dependence of the elastic moduli of rocks. The low-frequency stress–strain measurements show that the fluid-saturated tight sandstone has obvious dispersion in the seismic frequency band, which is primarily attributed to the squirt flow effect. In order to study the pressure and frequency dependence of the elastic moduli of tight sandstone, we retrieved the geometric parameters of the pore structure from the pressure variation of the ultrasonic velocities under dry conditions. Based on this complex pore structure and the extension of the squirt flow model, we constructed an elaborate rock physics model to explain the pressure and frequency dependence of velocity. The model does not require adjustable parameters, and all parameters are measured and calculated by the laboratory, which improves the accuracy of theoretical modelling. The modified squirt flow model can be used to describe dispersion and attenuation in a wide frequency band, and fit well with the velocity measurements in both the low-frequency range and the ultrasonic frequency range under different pressures. Therefore, this rock physics model could be applied in the extraction of pore microstructure and fluid properties provided elastic moduli or velocities can be estimated accurately.

Numerical modeling and analysis of the matrix acidizing process in fractured sandstone rocks with the Extended–FEM

Significant natural fractures develop in deep sandstone reservoirs. However, the previous numerical simulation for matrix acidizing in sandstone rocks always focused on the reactive flow in porous media. A series of responses between multiple types of acids and minerals in fracture and matrix pores have been a significant setback for seeking the mechanism of acid flow in fractured sandstone rocks. This paper, established a multistage reactive-transport model for fractured sandstone rocks based on the two-scale continuum model to explore the effects of fractures on the reactive flow. The weak forms of fluid flow and solute transport equations are derived using the Galerkin method to couple the matrix and fracture domains, and the extended finite element method was used to solve the discretization model. Additionally, we presented numerical simulations under 2D linear flow conditions with specific and sensitive analyses about fracture and matrix properties. Numerical cases showed that the wormhole-shaped structure generated by acid dissolution is hard to develop even in highly heterogeneous fractured sandstone rocks due to the low reaction rate between mud acid and minerals. However, fractures that are not parallel to the flow direction can accelerated acid flow in the formation and reduced Si(OH)4 precipitation. Increasing the injection rate can not change the dissolution patterns of sandstone, but expanded the acid diffusion range and decreased Si(OH)4 precipitation in fractured sandstone.

Typical geotechnical profiles of the main soil deposits found in the Maceio city, Alagoas, from SPT boreholes

This work had as objective to carry out the construction of typical soil profiles of the main existing deposits in the city of Maceio from a database of SPT boreholes, built in GIS environment. In total, 1,686 records of drilling were specialized in sediments of the Barreiras Formation, Coastal Deposits, and lagoons-river, presenting the most frequent characteristics, exemplified through representative profiles. The Barreiras Formation, which covers about 75% of the urban area of the city, presented profiles with a predominance of clayey, without water level records. The deposits lagoons-river, located in the vicinity of Mundaú lagoon, were characterized by the significant presence of soft and organic clays, sometimes peat, it can reach large thicknesses and with the water table rising in certain regions. In the coastal plain, where the highest vertical construction indices in the city are concentrated, it presented an area with a predominance of fine to medium sand, with or without silt, and a water table varying between 1,00 m and 5,00 m. The analysis also allowed for the identification and mapping of the occurrence of limestone rock, sandstone rock, soft and organic clay rocks in the coastal plain, presenting a typical profile of their occurrence, helping to understand the geotechnical behavior of these materials in the studied region.

Geoheritage and overtourism: a case study from sandstone rock cities in the Czech Republic

Abstract Sandstone districts are among the most visited and popular geosites in the Czech Republic. Unfortunately, they are often affected by the harmful effects of mass tourism, referred to as overtourism. Sandstone geosites are very vulnerable owing to the rock's relative softness, and large numbers of visitors can be a threat to them as they accelerate the intensity of their degradation. The overtourism situation then brings other negatives not only to the geosites but also to their surroundings. This paper describes the reasons for the overtourism situation in Czech rock cities, the effects of overtourism on geosites and communities living in their vicinity, and possible solutions from the perspective of nature conservation and tourism management. The data come from field observations, interviews, and publicly available data on the development of the number of visitors to tourist destinations. The results showed that overtourism is a widespread problem in the Czech rock cities, damaging these geosites and negatively affecting the residents of the surrounding villages. In addition, it is necessary to act quickly because the number of visitors to these geosites is continuing to grow in the long term. The article proposes three measures that should mitigate the harmful effects of mass tourism: communication with the visitors, destination management and the protection of geosites. However, for these measures to work, a strategy must be developed that will be respected by all of the main actors in the local tourism industry, and these measures should be targeted at specific problems. This example is typical of the general problems encountered in any geotourism site, and such remedial strategies provide an example of what could be applied to avoid problems elsewhere.

Experimental investigation of the influence of carbonated water on sandstone and carbonate rock properties

Laboratory measurements using nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and gas porosity and permeability analysis were conducted to acquire a petrophysical interpretation of the Carbon Tan Sandstone and Savonnieres Carbonate for potential carbon dioxide storage in subsurface formations. The relationships between pore structures, such as pore-size distribution, pore geometry, and porosity/permeability, were investigated near and far from the wellbore. At operating pressures of 2500psi (17.24 MPa) and temperatures of 176 °F (50 °C), carbonated water was injected into a composite core constructed of two similar core samples bounded by a compact disc located between them. The current results showed that a strong calcite dissolution took place near the injection position of both rock samples and led to improvements in the primary intergranular permeability and porosity, while the carbonate sample showed significant improvement compared to sandstone. The durable heterogeneous dissolution of calcite grains also led to the creation of new pores as intra-granular micro-pores. While at deeper depths from the injection position, it noticed an insignificant development in pore structure and its populations as well as rock hydraulic properties of both rock samples. In conclusion, the study revealed that the injected carbonated brine had a valuable impact on fluid-formation interactive, which improved rock's inlet properties compared with outlet.

Predicting the brittleness of sandstones from the Leeb hardness test

Brittleness is an important rock property that examines the mechanical behavior and failure properties of rocks in engineering applications. Although there is no standard method for measuring rock brittleness, it can be calculated indirectly as a function of rock mechanical properties based on the rock strength ratio. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Leeb hardness (HL) values and the brittleness properties of rocks using the simple statistical method. For this purpose, 18 sandstone rock samples were collected and tested in the laboratory to determine the HL and physico-mechanical properties of rocks. In addition, the brittleness properties of rocks were examined with S20 brittleness (BI8) test and five different empirical methods (BI4, BI5, BI11, BI13, and BI14) calculated from rock strength ratios. New models were proposed to predict the brittleness of the rocks, taking into account the HL. Based on the statistical analysis, the proposed models were in good agreement with those measured (for all of the data, R2: 0.76–0.77, for sandstone, R2: 0.78–0.81).

Comparative evaluation of chemical and bio techniques for uranium leaching from low grade sandstone rock sample, Abu Thor, southwestern Sinai, Egypt

Ferruginous sandstone considered as a one of the economically significant uranium mineralized areas in the southwestern part of the Sinai that located at the lower member of Um Bogma Formation in Abu Thor area. The studied sample was characterized geologically as a sandstone rock contain 450 mg/kg of uranium. This work is aimed to compare between eco-friendly bioleaching and conventional leaching processe. The uranium bioleaching efficiency achieved 80% by using a native fungal strain; Aspergillus nidulans as a green technology with the optimimum conditions as; 3 pH value, 3% pulp density, 7 days incubation period, and 30 °C incubation temperatures. Whereas the traditional technique using alkaline and sulphuric acid leaching attained 68.5% and 95% respectively at the best condition. Finally, the shrinking core model was represented the layer diffusion process by acquiring apparent activation energy 18.28 and 16.82 kJ/mol for carbonate and sulphuric acid leaching, respectively.

Identification of lithological characteristics using multispectral landsat 8 oli imagery in the cipatujah area, west java, indonesia

The Cipatujah area is part of the Southern Mountains of West Java which has diverse and unevenly distributed lithology. The lithology that dominates the Cipatujah and surrounding areas originate from the volcanic activities such as lava, volcanic breccias, tuffs, and intrusions. While the sedimentary rocks that compose them are limestone and sandstone rocks. The lithology that dominates the southern region is carbonate sedimentary rocks, which are represented by sandstone units. In the northern part, the lithologies are dominated by deposition results volcanic activity consists of various materials originating from andesitic lava units that extend to the east of the research area, while the volcanic breccia deposited from north to the west of the research area. There is a tuff unit layer above the volcanic breccia to the south. In the eastern area deposited carbonate rock units that form the karst landscape. Lithology characterization and determination of rock units in the Cipatujah area were carried out using image processing techniques from color composite bands from Landsat-8 (OLI) data. Geological analysis using SWIR-2 (7), SWIR-1 (6), and blue (2) composite bands and lithology using near-infrared (5) composites SWIR-1 (6), and SWIR-2 (7) bands. Then the analysis results are examined with geological data from the mapping that has been done before. Approach to band composite analysis by verifying geological data taken directly to help improve the identification and validation of better and more measured lithological distribution.

Some mechanical characterization of the Sandakan formation’s sandstone, Sabah, Malaysia

This work defines the mechanical characteristics of slightly weathered sandstone belonging to sedimentary Sandakan formation in Sandakan, Sabah. The mechanical properties of uniaxial compressive strength, shear strength (includes basic and peak friction angle and cohesion) was determined by the uniaxial compressive strength test, direct shear test, tilt test and triaxial compressive strength test. The slightly weathered very fine sandstone gave higher strength but lower in basic friction angle than slightly weathered fine sandstone. The basic friction angle for very fine and fine sandstone are 28° and 33°, respectively. The value of peak friction angle and cohesion of intact rock by the triaxial compressive strength test (52-58° and 2-4 MPa) is higher than direct shear test (16-20° and 0.25-4.00 MPa) of fine sandstone rock mass (for planar surface).

An experimental device for measuring the internal temperature and pressure of rock for rock breaking by pulsed discharge in petroleum exploitation

In order to measure the variation of temperature and pressure inside rock subjected to pulsed discharge, a device for measuring the temperature and pressure inside rock is designed in this work. The device is composed of an excitation module and a signal module. Based on the analysis of pulsed discharge process, the structure of key components of the device was designed. The experiment of rock breaking by single pulsed discharge was conducted. The peak values of temperature and pressure inside sandstone rock samples of 20 cm*20 cm*20 cm were measured when they were broken at 8 different voltage levels in the range of 2.5 kV–20 kV. It was found that with the increase of voltage level, the temperature and pressure inside the rock were also significantly increased when the rock was broken. At the maximum 20 kV voltage, the temperature peak inside the rock is 398 °C and the pressure peak is 2.4 MPa. The temperature and pressure inside the rock rose dramatically as it broke. This device can monitor temperature and pressure inside rock during the rock breaking process, and its embedded computer can construct time-varying temperature field and pressure field with transmitted temperature and pressure signals. This technically supports theoretical research on rock breaking by pulsed discharge.

Investigation of the Mechanical Behaviour of Lingulid Sandstone Emphasising the Influence from Pre-Existing Structural Defects, Part 1: Model Identification Based on Static Experiments

A constitutive model able to describe both tensile damage and plastic deformation under confinement is a prerequisite to numerically simulate the behaviour of sandstone rock under an impact loading induced in a percussive drilling process. Therefore, model identification under both tensile and high confinement states is needed. In the present work, an experimental investigation was carried out in order to determine the mechanical properties of a sandstone rock for the purpose of advanced constitutive model identification. Different testing methods were used in quasistatic and dynamic loading regimes. This first part of the study is dedicated to static experiments, whereby three-point bend tests were first performed to evaluate the quasistatic tensile strength of the rock and its distribution by employing the Weibull statistics. Secondly, direct compression tests were conducted to evaluate the stiffness and strength in an unconfined condition. Afterwards, quasioedometric compression (QOC) tests were carried out in order to obtain the deviatoric and volumetric behaviours of the material as a function of the hydrostatic pressure (up to 375 MPa). In these QOC tests, the metallic confinement cell was instrumented with strain gauges to deduce the state of the stress and strain within the sample. A linear volumetric response along with a continuous increase of strength with the level of hydrostatic pressure was observed. This experimental work points out that, under unconfined loading (three-point bending and uniaxial compression), pre-existing structural defects play a major role leading to a highly scattered behaviour in terms of sample stiffness and ultimate applied load. On the other hand, under high confinement levels (QOC tests), beyond the nonlinear response of the curve foot, the influence from structural defects was observed to be small.

Prediction of permeability of tight sandstones from mercury injection capillary pressure tests assisted by a machine-learning approach

Mercury injection capillary pressure analysis is a methodology for determining different petrophysical properties, including bulk density, porosity, and pore throat distribution. In this work, distinct parameters derived from mercury injection capillary pressure tests was considered for the prediction of permeability by coupling machine learning and theoretical approaches in a dataset composed of 246 tight sandstone samples. After quality checking the dataset, the feature selection was carried out by correlation analysis of different theoretical permeability models and statistical parameters with the measured permeability. Finally, porosity, median capillary pressure, Winland model, and mean pore-throat radius (corresponding to the saturation range 0.4-0.8) were chosen as the input features of the machine learning model. As the machine learning approach, a support vector machine (SVM) model with a radial basis function kernel was proposed. Furthermore, the model and its metaparameters were trained with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to avoid over-fitting or under-fitting. In contradiction to the theoretical models, the implemented SVM-PSO model could acceptably predict the experimentally measured permeability values with an R2 rate of over 0.88 for training and testing datasets. The introduced approach could reduce the mean relative errors from about 10 to values less than 0.45. The improvements were more significant for low permeability samples. This successful implementation shows the potential of coupled usage of theoretical and machine learning methodologies for improved prediction of permeability of tight sandstone rocks. Cited as: Abbasi, J., Zhao, J., Ahmed, S., Jiao, L., Andersen, P., Cai, J. Prediction of permeability of tight sandstones from mercury injection capillary pressure tests assisted by a machine-learning approach. Capillarity, 2022, 5(5): 91-104. https://doi.org/10.46690/capi.2022.05.02

Adsorption of the Xanthan Gum Polymer and Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate Surfactant in Sandstone Reservoirs: Experimental and Density Function Theory Studies.

Chemical flooding using a polymer and/or surfactant has been widely applied in oilfields worldwide for enhanced oil recovery. Chemical adsorption in reservoirs has a significant effect on the rock permeability and wettability and hence can affect the overall oil production. In this work, two chemicals, namely, the xanthan gum (XG) biopolymer and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) anionic surfactant, were used individually as displacement fluids. The amount of chemical adsorption on the rock surface and the residual resistance factor (permeability reduction) were calculated throughout the flooding experiments using an unconsolidated sandstone (SS) pack model. The effects of the injected chemicals’ concentration and reservoir salinity on adsorption capacity have been examined. Additionally, the effect of the addition of nanosilica particles (NSPs) to the injected fluid on the rock adsorption was also investigated. The results showed that the amount of XG and SDBS adsorption on the rock surface increased, albeit to a different extent, by increasing the chemical concentration at the applied salinities (0, 3.5, 5, and 10%) of the displacement fluids. Also, the permeability reduction increased with the increase in XG and SDBS concentrations; however, permeability reduction due to SDBS flooding was lower than that of XG in SS. The use of NSPs as a coinjectant to the XG and SDBS displacement fluids increased the adsorption on the SS rock. A plausible mechanism for the adsorption of the XG/NSP and SDBS/NSP blends on the SS surface was proposed. A density function theory calculation was employed to establish a relation between the adsorptivity of NSPs on SDBS and XG and the total energy and dipole moment of the molecules.

Re-Injection of Formation Water and Sea Water to Increase Oil Recovery from Sandstone Rocks: A Laboratory Experiment Under Room Conditions

Laboratory tests and field applications show that low-salinity water flooding could lead to significant reduction of residual oil saturation. There has been a growing interest with increasing number of low-salinity water flooding studies. However, there are few quantitative studies on the effect of using sea-water injections on oil recovery. As oil production continues, a drop-in reservoir pressure will occur due to the loss of reservoir fluids, and this drop-in pressure will lead to a decrease in oil production. The reservoir pressure is maintained by the water injection process. Where sea-water is injected into the aquifer area below the oil area to support the tank pressure. This study presents a laboratory investigation of the effect of salinity injection water on oil recovery, permeability, and relative permeability in the water flooding process. This study was conducted using several samples of sandstone saturated with oil by placing them in the reservoir conditions by placing them in a vacuum oven to ensure complete saturation of the samples with oil and then extracting the oil from them using liquid permeability where the samples are injected. With the formation water until reaching the recovery plateau and obtaining an average reading, the flow, permeability and pressure difference are measured, as well as the relative permeability and recovery factor, then the samples are injected again with sea water and the new results are recorded through seawater injection. The results of this study showed an increase in oil recovery with decrease in residual oil saturation and increase in the recovery factor.

An accelerated process-based method for the accurate computation of relative permeability from direct simulations of two-phase flow on micro-computed tomography images of porous media

Pore-scale forces have significant effects on the macroscopic behavior of multi-phase flow through porous media. We develop a robust and accurate accelerated process-based method for the computation of relative permeability from direct simulations of pore-scale two-phase flow on micro-computed tomography images. In the pressure drop calculation, we take advantage of an existing analysis that establishes a relationship between pore-scale forces and Darcy-scale pressure drops using an energy-conservation approach. We establish a thermodynamically consistent approximation of Darcy-scale viscous pressure drops as the rate of energy dissipation per unit flow rate of each flowing phase for the first time within the context of a free-energy lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). In addition, we propose and test a new computationally efficient partial-mirror periodic boundary condition for a fully coupled visco-capillary pore-scale flow simulator based on a free-energy LBM. The new boundary condition is imposed only in the main flow direction and significantly reduces the computational cost of the process-based relative-permeability computation protocol at a small compromise on accuracy.We first compute primary-drainage and subsequent imbibition relative permeability curves for a reservoir sandstone rock sample. We use this real-reservoir dataset to validate the pressure drop computation method and the partial-mirror periodic boundary condition. We then simulate the entire drainage and imbibition cycle using an extensively studied Berea sandstone dataset. We quantitatively demonstrate that pore-scale direct numerical simulation-based relative permeability curves computed with our novel process-based method agree well with experimental steady-state relative permeability measurements. We also quantitatively demonstrate that the new partial-mirror periodic boundary condition accelerates the relative permeability computations 4 to 13 times.

Changes in aquifer properties along a seasonal river channel of the Niger Basin: Identifying groundwater recharge pathways in a dryland environment

In drylands of tropical Africa, groundwater plays a fundamental role in alleviating food insecurity and adapting to the effects of climate change. Substantial uncertainty persists in the renewability of groundwater resources in drylands and recharge pathways through the surface geology. Here we characterize the architecture and hydrogeological properties of alluvium and underlying sandstone and crystalline basement rocks along the ephemeral River Goulbi de Maradi in the Iullemmeden Basin of Niger using Magnetic Resonance Soundings (MRS), Time-Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings, and borehole lithological data. Considerable variations in lithological facies and hydrophysical properties are found along a series of 5 transects perpendicular to the seasonal/ephemeral river channel and adjacent plateaux of the Continental Hamadien (CH) sandstone. The CH aquifer comprises a pebbly sand facies upstream and sandstone clay facies downstream with Farak-type sandstones located at the base of the two facies. Consistent with these variations in facies, the geophysical parameters decrease from 19%, 390 ms, and 800 Ω m upstream to 3%, 160 ms, and 10 Ω m downstream, respectively for effective porosity, relaxation time, and resistivity. The transmissivity and specific yield estimated from the decline of MRS longitudinally also vary from upstream to downstream. The combined use of surface geophysics constrained by lithological borehole logs provides vital insight into groundwater replenishment in this dryland environment.

Amine-glycol drilling mud as a chance for the stability of reactive clay-shale formations and clay fraction of sandstone rocks

Podczas przewiercania warstw skał ilasto-łupkowych często występują problemy z utrzymaniem stateczności ściany otworu. Wywołują je zarówno czynniki związane z regionalnymi oraz lokalnymi warunkami naprężeniowymi na danym obszarze, z właściwościami mechanicznymi skał w otworze, jak i z fizykochemicznymi oddziaływaniami w układzie skała–płuczka wiertnicza. Procesy fizykochemiczne związane z reakcją płuczki z przewiercanymi reaktywnymi utworami iłowców i mułowców są jednymi z kluczowych przyczyn niestabilności tych warstw. Zapobieganie skutkom tych niekorzystnych procesów fizykochemicznych należy prowadzić poprzez dobór mineralizacji płuczki wiertniczej w odniesieniu do mineralizacji wody w skale oraz zastosowanie w jej składzie inhibitorów polimerowych efektywnie ograniczających hydratację „wrażliwych na wodę” skał ilasto-łupkowych. W związku z tym ciągle są poszukiwane nowe technologie wysokoinhibitowanych płuczek wiertniczych, które pozwoliłyby na zmniejszenie hydratacji przewiercanych warstw w stopniu zbliżonym do efektu zastosowania płuczki inwersyjnej. Takie działanie przypisywane jest płuczkom, w których rolę inhibitora polimerowego pełnią środki zawierające w łańcuchu głównym grupę aminową. Środki te ze względu na specjalny mechanizm oddziaływania na przestrzenie międzypakietowe minerałów ilastych wyróżniają się wyższą skutecznością zapobiegania ich pęcznieniu i dyspersji niż znane i dotychczas stosowane inhibitory polimerowe. W artykule przestawione zostały wyniki badań nad opracowaniem wysokoinhibitowanej płuczki wiertniczej zawierającej różne rodzaje środków aminowych. Badania laboratoryjne przeprowadzono dla warunków występujących w przewiercanych utworach jednostek karpackich, jednostki stebnickiej i miocenu autochtonicznego. Celem tych badań była ocena właściwości reologiczno-strukturalnych i inhibitujących oraz filtracji nowej odmiany inhibitowanej płuczki wiertniczej – aminowo-glikolowej. Przeprowadzone w warunkach otworopodobnych badania z różnymi rodzajami środków aminowych wykazały przydatność tej płuczki do przewiercania warstw skał ilasto-łupkowych i dowiercania horyzontów produktywnych występujących na złożu Przemyśl.