Sand Concrete Research Articles

The performance of high grade concrete (M60) with full and partial replacement of crushed sand by granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) in OPC&PPC concrete

It takes millions of years for manufactured sand (crushed sand) to exchange fine aggregates in the constructing enterprise to form once more over time. We can stability the biodiversity of the earth by way of changing the pleasant combination with the industrial by-product. It additionally decreases the environmental results of emissions by way of growing the use of manufacturing by-products in our building industry. In this context, we are conducting a find out about to affirm the feasibility of the usage of GBFS (Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) as a choice to manufactured sand in OPC and PPC concrete. This experimental lookup focuses on the investigation of the behaviour of the M60 grade of concrete through the whole and partial substitute of the fantastic combination via the GBFS. Blocks, cylinders and beams are examined for compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength, respectively, after 7 days and 28 days of curing. As some distance as toughness is concerned. In the existing find out about the fine-aggregate substitution proportion by means of GBFS is 50%, and 100%. If the entire and partial GBFS check outcomes are in contrast with one hundred percent sand damaged into the concrete, the mechanical traits are proven to amplify the proportion of GBFS.

Technical Application of Machine-made Sand in the Production of the Commercial Concrete

With the lack of natural sand and stone resources, machine-made sand will be widely used in the building materials industry. By adjusting the proportion of machine-made sand and river sand, the application of using the machine-made sand in C30 and C50 concrete was explored. The results indicate that the proportion of machine-made sand is 40% in C30 concrete, which makes the concrete show the best performance and the maximum compressive strength. In C50 concrete, as the proportion of machine-made sand increases, the initial dispersion of concrete gradually decreases, the loss of dispersion increases, and the working performance of concrete decreases. It is worth noting that, regardless of the proportion of machine-made sand, the performance of concrete mixed with machine-made sand is higher than that of concrete prepared with pure river sand at 3d, 7d, and 28d.

Behaviour of Conventional Concrete Treated with Robo Sand and Iron Shavings

This paper deals with impact of M-sand utilization rather than ordinary fine total (N-Sand) and iron shavings as far as volume of cement to improve the elastic nature of the matrix material. Basically, concrete is a composite material invented in ancient period for construction purpose. Out of the total volume of concrete 30% of volume filled with fine aggregate which is brought from digging of rivers, lakes, and canals, which causes serious tread to environment by land sliding. Now this research is carried out to identify the suitability of alternative material instead of natural sand. In this context manufactured sand produced from crushing of basalt stone is being replaced in various percentages as 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% in the place of natural sand for M25 Grade concrete. Also Iron shavings was added at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% for total volume of concrete.

Experimental Studies on Compressive Strength of Aerated Concrete with Varying Percentage of Aluminium Powder

Today the disposal of various by-product materials is a concern against the environment, these are producing due to rapid industrial growth in our country. Most of the researchers are focused on the utilization of these by-products in the civil engineering construction industry. By using these by-products, on one hand, will protect the environment and other hands the disposal problem will be solved. Day by day the requirement of building materials increased due to urbanization, due to this more raw materials are required and depleted the natural resources. In this contest, environmental protection is need to protect incremental temperature in nature. To avoid these problems of the modern era, aggregation of these by-products can be used as one of building material and to overcome this situation, Aerated concrete is one of the solutions by reducing the raw material quantity in concrete like sand and cement by introducing air without compromising in the volume. Day to day aerated concrete has become popular due to lightweight and high insulation against temperature and sound. This concrete is using in high raised buildings to reduce the self-weight of building to protect during earthquake situations. In this experimental study mainly performed the compressive strength of aerated concrete with replacement of sand by quarry dust. Also reducing the cement content with replacement of fly ash, GGBS and lime powder at various percentages that is ranging. the performance of aerated concrete was observed more satisfactory when compared with and without replacement of above-saided materials.

Research and Analysis on Present Situation of Desert Sand Concrete

Due to the rapid development of civil engineering industry, natural medium and coarse sand resources are increasingly scarce. If desert sand is studied and applied in the field of civil engineering, the shortage of sand resources and high unit price can be greatly solved.Therefore, it is very important to study desert sand instead of ordinary sand. Although the application of desert sand in engineering has made rapid development, many engineers and researchers have done a lot of experiments and in-depth research on the physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties and compaction characteristics of desert sand, and also made a lot of experimental research results. However, at present, because of the different engineering properties, different deserts are used and the test methods are different. Generally speaking, the understanding of this special material with engineering properties is not mature at home and abroad, and it is not widely used in civil engineering.

Properties of sand concrete with recycled tyre polymer fibers

Disposal of tyre waste is a major environmental problem in all over of the world. It has been estimated that more than 1.5 billion tyres are produced annually and almost one million end their service life. More than 50% of them are accumulated on landfills. The tyre fiber can be added to the concrete mixture to improve not only the strength properties, but also the crack resistance of the composition. The use of recycled tire polymer fibers as reinforcement component is a perspective view on the development of dispersed concrete technology. In this research the main characteristics of the fiber and the technological characteristics of the concrete mixture are presented. The effect of the polymer fiber on strength and performance properties of sand concrete are shown. It was found that the optimal dosage of fiber is 1 kg/m3, the adding of the fiber reduces at the range 3.6% of slump of the concrete mixture. It was found that each 10 kg/m3of recycled polymer fiber reduce the density of samples by 4%. The addition of such amount of the polymer fiber reduces the compressive strength. The addition of 1 kg/m3 has the significant effect on the reduction of the compressive and flexural concrete strength with class B15, while the same characteristics of concrete with class B30 are higher. The results of this research allow to conclude that such fiber is suitable to use in concrete with class В30 and lower.

Economic feasibility of manufacturing hollow-core floor slabs from high-strength sand concrete

Economic feasibility of manufacturing hollow-core floor slabs from high-strength sand concrete

Effect of Desert Sand on the Mechanical Properties of Desert Sand Concrete (DSC) after Elevated Temperature

Building fires and shortage of medium sand resources have become two major issues in building domain. Desert sand was used to produce desert sand concrete (DSC), which was suitable for engineering utility. The mechanical properties tests of DSC with different desert sand replacement ratio (DSRR) were carried out after elevated temperature. The effects of elevated temperature and DSRR on DSC mechanical properties were analyzed. DSC microstructure was investigated by SEM and XRD. Research studies’ results showed that the relative compressive strength increased gradually with increasing temperature. The maximum value appeared at 200°C–300°C, and it began to decrease at 500°C. Compared with room temperature, the compressive strength at 700°C was about 70% of that at room temperature. Relative splitting tensile strength increased first and then decreased, and the value reached the maximum at 100°C. DSC relative flexural strength decreased with the temperature. Relative compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of DSC enhanced first and then decreased with DSRR, and the maximum values were obtained with 40% DSRR. Based on the regressive analysis, the relative compressive strength was a quadratic polynomial with relative porosity. Relative splitting tensile strength and relative flexural strength were linear with relative porosity. Research results can provide the technical support for DSC engineering application and postfire assessment.

The Optimum Amount of Waste Glass Aggregate that can Substitute Fine Aggregate in Concrete

The study that is reported in this paper was carried out to study the effects of glass sand on the properties of concrete and determine the optimum amount of waste glass aggregate that can effectively replace fine aggregate in cement concrete. The objectives of the study were to prepare concrete specimens containing various amounts of glass sand as partial replacement for fine aggregate and to determine the properties of fresh and hardened concrete specimens so produced. It was found that glass sand does not have significant effect on the workability of concrete. The density of concrete containing glass sand was slightly lower than the density of normal concrete by a factor of 1-2%. The presence of glass sand did not alter the established strength-time relation of concrete. The strength of concrete containing glass sand increased progressively with curing time. Glass sand had significant effect on the strength of concrete. A plot of concrete strength and glass sand content was a parabola curving downward. The peak strength, obtained at 10% glass sand content, was 1.2 times the target strength of 25 N/mm2. The study concluded that the optimum amount of glass sand that can effectively substitute river sand in grade C25 concrete is 16% of the proportion of fine aggregate in the concrete. For plain concrete, glass sand alone can be used as fine aggregate. It was recommended that supplementary cementitious materials should be incorporated in the concrete to suppress the deleterious alkali-silica reaction that may take place when glass concrete is exposed to moisture.

Effects of chloride ions on the durability and mechanical properties of sea sand concrete incorporating supplementary cementitious materials under an accelerated carbonation condition

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of chloride ions on the durability and mechanical properties of non-desalted sea sand (NSS) concrete containing fly ash (FA) or ground granulated blast furnace slag (BFS) under accelerated carbonation. Six mixtures were prepared using a constant water-to-cementitious materials ratio of 0.50. The cementitious materials consisted of primarily ordinary Portland cement with a portion replaced by a supplementary material, either FA (15% by mass) or BFS (45% by mass). After being cured with a sealed condition of 20 °C for 28 days, half of the concrete specimens remained sealed while the other half were exposed to an accelerated carbonation chamber for 182 days. The accelerated carbonation chamber consisted of a 5% CO2 concentration with 60% relative humidity. The durability and mechanical properties of the concrete were investigated, including carbonation resistance, sorptivity, compressive strength, and the modulus of elasticity. The chloride binding capacity was also evaluated. Porosity, crack evaluation, and scanning electron microscopy tests were implemented to better understand the macro- and microscopic structures of the different concrete compositions. The results showed that the presence of chloride ions in NSS could improve the carbonation resistance of concrete. Carbonation shrinkage generated cracks which led to a significant increase in sorptivity for the FA and BFS concretes under accelerated carbonation. However, this increase was restricted by the chloride ions in NSS. In general, the presence of chloride ions enhanced the mechanical properties of the concrete, regardless of curing ages, FA or BFS replacement, or exposure conditions. Even considering the effects of carbonation, NSS is found to be potentially viable material for use in concrete production.

Experimental characterization of a new sustainable sand concrete in an aggressive environment

The scarcity of building materials and the shortage of coarse aggregates which represents the main component of concrete is a problem in the most third world countries, especially in the vast desert areas in Algeria. In desert conditions where the environment suffers from the phenomenon of rising water and aggressive soil; the evaluation of existing abundant Sand Dune and its compensation for naturel Sand could be a very good economic solution. Several researches at the local and the global levels confirm that Sand Dune can be exploited in concrete after a granular correction. In this paper, a new Sand resource (Oued El-Ratm, El Oued-Algeria) is proposed as an alternative of natural Sand to perform a Sand Concrete. The findings of this experimental study show that the Sand Concrete based on this new resource of sand dune of the Algerian desert has a good resistance when used in the ambient Saharan aggressive conditions.

Effect of Sawdust As Partial Replacement of Sand in Concrete

Effect of Sawdust As Partial Replacement of Sand in Concrete

Utilization of Iron Tailings Sand as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Natural River Sand in High-Strength Concrete: Shrinkage Characterization and Mitigation Strategies.

The increasing annual emissions of iron ore tailings have proved a great threat to the natural environment, and the shortage of natural river sand, as well as the pursuit of sustainable development materials, provides motivation to reuse iron ore tailings as a fine aggregate in concrete. Due to the significantly different properties of iron tailings sand compared with natural river sand—such as the higher density, higher content of limestone particles smaller than 75 μm and its rough and angular shape—concretes prepared with iron tailings sand show remarkably higher shrinkage. This study presents the shrinkage characterization and shrinkage-reducing efficiency of three different methods on iron tailings, sand concrete and river sand concrete. The internal humidity was also monitored to reveal the shrinkage-reducing mechanism. The obtained results indicated that the autogenous and total shrinkage of iron tailings sand concrete were 9.8% and 13.3% higher than the river sand concrete at the age of 90 d, respectively. The shrinkage reducing agent (SRA) was the most effective shrinkage reducing method for river sand concrete, while for iron tailings sand concrete, super absorbent polymer (SAP) and controlled permeable formwork liner (CPFL) it worked best on autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage, respectively. Furthermore, the shrinkage mitigation strategies worked earlier for the drying shrinkage behavior of iron tailings sand concrete, while no such condition could be found for autogenous shrinkage.

HYDROPHOBIZATION OF BASALT FIBER AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAND CONCRETE

Abstract. The materials of the proposed article are devoted to the study of mechanical properties of sand concrete with the addition of hydrophobized basalt fiber and polycarboxylate superplasticizer Relaxol-Super PC. Adding hydrophobic properties to the basalt fiber causes a decrease of water consumption of fine-grained concrete mixture, which leads to improved mechanical properties of concrete. The aim of the work was to increase the mechanical characteristics of sand concrete by introducing hydrophobized basalt fiber into its composition. The objective of the research is to study the effect of hydrophobized basalt fiber on the mechanical characteristics of sand concrete. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer Relaxol-Super PC (Budindustriya, Zaporozhye) was used to increase the mobility of the concrete mixture. Basalt fiber Bauson-basalt 12 mm long and 18 ± 2μm in diameter was used as a fibrous filler. Sand concrete mixture was prepared in a laboratory forced-action mixer. Dosing of Portland cement, quartz sand and basalt fiber was carried out by weight, water and water-reducing additive ‒ by volume, taking into account the density of the additive. The fiber was introduced into a dry cement-sand mixture. After mixing for 120 ... 150 seconds, water with a dosed amount of additive was introduced into the mixture. The hardening of samples concrete took place under normal conditions in a chamber with a temperature of 20 ± 20C and a relative humidity of at least 95%. The compressive strength of concrete was determined by testing the halves of the samples – beams 4×4×16 cm in size at 28 days of age. The abrasion of the investigated concrete was determined by testing cube specimens with an edge of 7.07 cm on an LKI-3 device in accordance with the procedure set forth in DSTU B.V.2.7-212: 2009 “Building materials. Concrete. Methods for determining abrasion “. The impact resistance of concrete was determined from the results of testing cubic specimens with an edge of 7.07 cm on a vertical dynamic laboratory test machine. Especially effective is manifested positive role hydrophobization basalt fiber in combination with the water-reducing additive Relaxol-Super PC. The introduction of hydrophobic fiber (2 kg/m3) and Relaxol – Super PC (1.2% by weight of cement) into the sand concrete mix provides an increase in the strength of sand concrete by 45 ... 48%, impact resistance by 45 ... 50%. The abrasion of concrete is reduced by 36 ... 48% compared to the control.

Analytical approach for crack identification of glass fiber reinforced polymer–sea sand concrete composite structures based on strain dissipations

Glass fiber reinforced polymer bars have potential application in the seawater sea sand concrete. In this study, an analytical method was proposed to examine the internal crack development in glass fiber reinforced polymer–sea sand concrete composites. The method was derived by analyzing the strain dissipation and shear-lag behavior. Thus, the internal cracks can be quantitatively identified by the proposed model with Fourier transform analysis. The proposed approach was experimentally verified through pullout tests for the specimens with artificial cracks. The results indicated that the prediction errors were less than 10%. In addition, the piezoelectric sensors were adopted to verify the proposed model. A damage index (DI) defined by the energy loss of received signals was used to characterize cracks inside the composite. Loading test results indicated that the DI-calculated cracks were consistent with the proposed analytical model. Finally, the cyclic loading tests of the glass fiber reinforced polymer composite were conducted using both strain gauges and PZT sensors. The results have shown that the differences between the proposed approach and PZT sensors were less than 15%. Thus, the proposed approach in this study could provide an alternative approach for quantitative evaluation of internal cracks in the glass fiber reinforced polymer–coral sand–cement composites.

Potential of Fly Ash Polymerized Sand as an Alternative for River Sand in Concrete- A State of the Art Report

The depletion of the natural resources and the growing demand for the natural river sand in both developing countries and developed countries paved way for the evolution of new trends in the complete and partial replacement of the natural sand as the fine aggregate. Many natural admixtures and by-products were so far analyzed for the feasibility of the replacement of the natural sand. Some of such traditional sources suggested by the researchers were foundry sand, M-sand, quarry dust, I- sand and treated sea sand. Among which M-sand tend to meet the standards and in practice too for construction in India (Author’s native) and other countries without any ordeal. However, a new technique for the complete replacement of the fine aggregate was introduced which incorporates the polymerization technique in the byproducts (Fly Ash). Though the first introduced technique was quite tedious, the consequent authors proposed much simpler methodologies that develop fine aggregates with characteristics similar to that of the natural sand which is also lightweight, eco-friendly and economical as discussed in this article. These geopolymerized fine aggregates set a new era in the construction industry which in turn conserves the balance of the ecosystem.

An Experimental Study on Quarry Dust as Partial Replacement for Sand in Concrete

Concrete plays the key role and a large quantum of concrete is being utilized in every construction practices. Quarry Dust which is a other non-voluble waste material after the extraction and processing of rocks to form fine particles less than 4.75mm.The Quarry dust can be an alternative to the river sand since river sand is expensive due to excessive cost of transportation from natural sources and also large scale depletion of these sources creates environmental problems .In this project work the usage of different quarry dusts by studying the physical and chemical properties, workability of the quarry dust concrete, with different ratios of 0%, 20%, 30%&40% for M20 grade of concrete behavior of quarry dust reinforced cement concrete beams, Sieve analysis was conducted for quarry dust and sand. Mix design has been developed using IS Mix Design for various proportion of four different quarry dust with river sand. Tests were conducted on cubes and cylinders to study the compressive and tensile strengths of concrete made of various proportion of quarry dust with river sand, optimum strength test values of various proportion of different quarry dust with river sand and the results were compared with natural sand.

Effects of Relative Roughness and Particle Size on the Interface Behavior of Concrete Suction Caisson Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines

The interface behavior between a caisson and the surrounding soil plays an important role in the installation of suction caissons as foundations for offshore wind turbines. A series of shear tests were carried out using a modified direct shear apparatus to study the interface shear behavior between sand and concrete. Sand samples with three particle size ranges (0.63–1.25 mm, 1.25–2.5 mm, 2.5–5.0 mm) and concrete plates with different relative roughness were used to explore the influence of the relative roughness parameter (Rn) and mean particle size (D50) on shear behavior. The responses from the pure sand shear test are also discussed for comparison. Test results show that the higher the relative roughness (Rn), the greater the maximum shear stress (τmax) appeared. The interface shear stress was weaker than that of the pure sand test. Furthermore, the interface friction angle (φ) of sand–concrete was closely related to the relative roughness of the concrete surface. Under the same conditions, the interface friction angle (φ) increased with relative roughness due to the effect of sand particles breakage and redistribution. By contrast, the effect of the mean particle size (D50) on the interface friction angle (φ) was less significant. However, for the pure sand shear test, the friction angle (φ′) obtained from the traditional shear test apparently increased with D50, indicating that the friction angle was more affected by D50 in the pure sand test than in the interface shear test.

Experimental Study On Preparation Of C30 Concrete By Replacing Fine Aggregate With Molybdenum Tailing Slag

Which is composed of crystalline silica, a small amount of mica and molybdenum ore salts, and is non-radioactive. As a fine aggregate of concrete, the water demand of fresh concrete will be increased. By increasing the dosage of water-reducing agent, the construction performance of concrete mixture can reach the actual pumping concrete slump-flow (500±30) mm under the condition of unchanged water demand, and the same construction performance as that of mechanical sand concrete can be obtained. With the gradual increase of the replacement ratio, the compressive strength gradually decreases. When the replacement ratio does not exceed 40%, the 90d compressive strength decreases less than 3.1% compared with the mechanical sand concrete, which has less impact on the strength and can fully meet the requirements of the mechanical properties of C30 concrete.

Study on Relationship between Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom ash as Fine Aggregate

Municipal Solid waste incineration bottom ash(MSWI BA) is a silicon-calcium-aluminum oxide obtained by high-temperature calcining of municipal waste. Its appearance is similar to natural sand, and its chemical composition is similar to cement clinker. It can be used as concrete fine aggregate replace natural sand in a small amount. This paper tested the physical and chemical properties of MSWI BA, and obtained the compressive strength and microscopic pore structure parameters through experiments of 5 water-binder ratios, 3 sand replacement ratios, and 2 curing ages of municipal solid waste incineration MSWI BA concrete, and analyzed the relationship between pore structure and mechanical properties. The results show that the compressive strength of MSWI BA replacement sand concrete decreases with the increase of air content, bubble chord length and bubble spacing coefficient, and increases with the increase of bubble specific area. The fractal dimension of bubble distribution of MSWI BA replacement sand concrete is between 1.833∼2.259, and that of ordinary concrete is between 2.138∼2.495. The compressive strength increases with the increase of the fractal dimension of bubble distribution.