Sampling Technique Research Articles

Exploring barriers to accessing mental health care services in Ndola, Zambia

ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to identify barriers that impede access to mental health services and formulate informed targeted interventions and policies to enhance service delivery and utilization.Data descriptionA qualitative study was conducted employing a descriptive phenomenological approach to explore the economic, social, cultural and religious barriers to accessing mental health (MH) services. The population of the study constituted family members and care givers of MH patients who resided in Ndola. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit forty (40) participants who received informed consent forms to give them the right to participate in the study or withdraw from the study at any given time. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to explore views, experiences, beliefs and motivations of study participants and data was analyzed thematically.The study revealed that barriers to accessing MH services in Ndola included lack of finance, stigma, cultural myths, religious beliefs, social isolation and family breakdown. Therefore, there is need to adopt deliberate comprehensive MH care policies, which include increasing budgetary allocation of resources for procurement of essential MH drugs and implementing a coordinated response to MH care service provision.

Analyzing the impact of variations in land use and elevation on selected soil microbial indices and spatial distribution.

Soil biological characteristics are highly sensitive to land use changes, making them valuable indicators of soil quality. This study assesses the effects of three land use types (agriculture, rangeland, and forest) and elevation variations on soil microbial parameters and their spatial distribution in the Khaneghah region. Standard physicochemical and biological properties of the soil were measured on a total of 72 soil samples collected using systematic and random sampling techniques. Spatial distribution maps of the biological indices were generated using geostatistical techniques, specifically the Kriging method, within a geographic information system (GIS). The results revealed significantly higher values for microbial biomass carbon (MBC = 900 mg Cmic-CO2 kg-1), nitrogen (MBN = 8.97 mg Nmic kg-1), basal respiration (BR = 25.1 mg C-CO2 g-1 day-1), and the total microbial population (MPN = 0.63 × 109 cells g-1) in forest soils compared to rangeland and agricultural soils. The alignment between land use maps and biological index maps reinforced these findings. Although the correlations between biological indices and physicochemical properties were generally weak (positive or negative), organic matter content, field capacity moisture, and silt percentage exhibited a slight positive correlation with most of the microbial indices evaluated. The comparison of soil microbial indices with the digital elevation model map indicated higher levels of MBC, MBN, BR, and MPN at elevated regions. However, the microbial quotient and metabolic quotient (qCO₂) did not show significant changes with increasing elevation. The study also confirmed the effectiveness of Kriging interpolation in mapping specific soil microbial indices, as the correlation between Kriging estimates and measured values at sampling points exceeded 0.2, demonstrating statistical significance at a 5% confidence level.

Students’ Choice of Dining Outlets during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What did Students Consider?

The study investigated factors influencing tertiary students’ choice of dining outlets amidst the COVID-19 pandemic with its concomitant challenges and restrictions in Ghana. A cross-sectional survey was employed using a simple random sampling technique through a lottery to select 222 final-year students from Sunyani Technical University. A questionnaire was employed to gather data from respondents. The findings of the study conveyed that all the factors investigated are influential to students’ choice of dining outlets. The study further established that the gender of the students significantly influenced their choice of dining whilst age did not influence students’ choice of dining outlets. It is envisaged that the study would be beneficial to the government, hospitality operators, and hospitality educators as it contributes to providing a deeper insight into current factors that influence students’ choice of eatery during the heat of covid-19 pandemic. This study recommends that hospitality operators should focus more on the “cleanliness of serving wares equipment as well as all the areas examined to attract consumers in the study area. By complying with these recommendations, it is hoped that hospitality operators will become more competitive and will be able to meet the needs of their customers. Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Dining, Outlets, Choice, Students, Hospitality Operators

MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS THE RELATIONSHIP MERCHANT MIDDLEMENT TO SUPPLIER AND CUSTOMER PEPPER IN MERANCANG ILIR VILLAGE, EAST BORNEO, INDONESIA

The purpose of this study was to: 1) Describe the status and role of middlement in the trade and marketing of pepper, 2) Describes the purchasing system is being run, 3) Describes how to set the price, 4) Explaining SRM and CRM performed by middlement in maintaining a relationship with supplier and customer. This research used qualitative that have descriptive explanation characteristic. The researcher used participant-observation (participant observation), interviews and photos as the tools of collecting data. The determination participants and key informant for this research used snowball sampling techniques, with one participant and four key informants. This research used qualitative data that have descriptive explanation characteristic, are analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Status as a peppers collector in the pepper trading and marketing activities was the person who runs three roles at once, 2) Purchasing system was done by the collectors by collecting and looking for pepper from farmers (suppliers) to be purchased in accordance with market prices, and payment usually by giving cash advance prior to the harvest or by paid upon trading activities are taking place, 3) The system in pricing is applied and executed by an intermediary trader, namely the Mark-Up Pricing Method, amounting to IDR 2,000.00/kg pepper from the price given to customers, 4) The relationship management of supplier and customer who performed by collectors consist of: CRM activity (real relationship with customers and customer satisfaction), and SRM (commitment, communication, honestly, discussion, and sharing of information).

Entrepreneurial Potential of Performing Art to Nigeria's Economic Development

This research paper is an investigation to ascertain the Entrepreneurial Potential of Performing Art to Nigeria’s Economic Development. The objective of the study is to identify entrepreneurial potentials in performing Art, to determine the business viability of the performing Art industry and to ascertain how entrepreneurs in the performing Art industry can contribute to Nigeria’s economic development. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample of the study was achieved using a random sampling technique. The sample for this study was 69 respondents. These selected sixty-nine (69) respondents were performing art professionals which include Nollywood actors and musicians in Asaba Delta State, Nigeria. The instrument used to collect data was the questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentage, mean, standard and chi-square. The overall findings of the study are that there is entrepreneurial potential in performing Art through payment of fees for performing at Events, including festivals. This can be ticketed performance art events or it can be within wider events or earned fees from acting in a Nollywood movie, Intellectual property earning for celebrities and sales of art products and services as well as production of artefacts. The study also revealed that there is a significant and positive connection between Performing Art and profitability and it was also discovered that entrepreneurial innovation made Performing Art possible and a viable business model. High demand for entertainment, global acceptance of performing Art products has made performing Art a viable business model for Nigeria’s economic development and transformation. The study recommends that for theatre practice to be feasible and for the personal talents, ideas, and creative contributions of the artists to be effective and contribute to the economic development of Nigeria, entrepreneurial skills are necessary and a prerequisite.

The Influence of Perceived Innovation Characteristics on Small-scale Commercial Farmers’ Perception of the Adoption of Mobile Applications in Makonde District, Zimbabwe

This study aims to examine the influence of perceived innovation characteristics on small-scale commercial farmers’ perception of the adoption of mobile applications in Makonde District, Zimbabwe. The study adopted the Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DIT) to understand the important concepts of the adoption of mobile applications to inform the analysis of the results. To collect data, the study used a bounded case study. The study employed a purposive sampling technique to select the study area and forty-eight small-scale commercial farmers for focus group discussions. Further, the study adopted snowball sampling to select twelve key informants, that is, lead farmers, agricultural extension officers, mobile applications developers, agricultural researchers and network providers referred by agricultural extension personnel for in-depth interviews. The study employed thematic analysis to analyze data into codes, themes and sub-themes. The research demonstrates that the importance of each perceived innovation characteristic in the adoption process of mobile applications for improved small-scale commercial agriculture is different. Relative advantage and observability were the most important characteristics of the adoption of mobile applications for improved small-scale commercial agriculture. The research highlighted that small-scale commercial farmers are more likely to embrace mobile phone applications that possess a high relative advantage, are less complex, highly compatible, are trial-able and exhibit visibility of results. The study consolidates and presents the perceived innovation characteristics, offering researchers valuable insights into the adoption patterns of mobile applications among small-scale commercial agriculture. The research findings have implications for policy-makers and mobile application developers

Perception, Attitude, and Practice about Environment Conservation through Plastic Waste Management among Students in Ghazi University D.G. Khan

The global issue of plastic pollution necessitated a comprehensive understanding of individual attitudes and behaviors toward plastic recycling and environmental conservation. Improper disposal of plastic waste significantly contributed to environmental pollution, as plastics took hundreds of years to decompose and some contained harmful chemicals that could leach into the environment, posing potential risks to human health. Proper management of plastic waste was essential to reduce exposure to these harmful substances and enhance public health and well-being. The present study, titled "Perception, Attitude, and Practice of Environment Conservation through Plastic Waste Management among Students in Dera Ghazi Khan," aimed to explore the intricate interplay between human behaviors and environmental sustainability. Specifically, it sought to: 1) explore the perception of students toward environmental conservation; 2) study the knowledge and attitudes among students regarding plastic waste management; 3) examine how students practiced plastic waste management; and 4) provide recommendations for proper plastic waste management and environmental conservation. A structured questionnaire was developed and targeted a sample size of 300 students from various departments of Ghazi University. In the first stage, 10 different departments were randomly selected from Ghazi University. In the second stage, 30 students were chosen from each department using a convenient sampling technique. The study found that 55.7% of students strongly agreed that they supported businesses using plastic alternatives, and 44% strongly agreed that investing in advanced recycling systems is crucial for reducing plastic pollution. Awareness about plastic pollution was shown to significantly impact environmental conservation attitudes, with 37% strongly agreeing that it fosters a culture of responsibility. Additionally, 35.3% of respondents strongly supported providing incentives to reduce plastic use. Data analysis using SPSS revealed significant associations between attitudes toward reusable items and effective plastic waste management. Findings indicated that students who strongly agreed that increasing the use of reusable items can aid environmental conservation also believed that recycling plastic waste effectively reduces pollution. These findings provide valuable insights for future research and policy formulation in environmental conservation and plastic waste management.

Rural residents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in relation to infection risk during the late stage of an epidemic: a cross-sectional study of COVID-19

BackgroundIn the field of public health, the prevention and management of infectious diseases in rural regions have always been crucial. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing rural residents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices and their correlation with infection risk during the late stage of an epidemic, with a focus on the COVID-19 case.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in rural regions of China’s Guangdong province, using a multi-stage sampling technique to select rural residents for a validated questionnaire survey in February 2023. Descriptive statistical method was used to describe the infection status of rural residents and Chi-Square Test was used to explore the influencing factors of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in this population. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the presence of a statistically significant association between explanatory variables and outcome variables at corresponding 95% CI.ResultsA total of 3,125 rural residents were investigated, of whom 805 had never been infected with COVID-19. The survey participants had an average score of 5.84 ± 1.419 for COVID-19 knowledge. (The total score range is from 0 to 8. A score greater than 6.4 indicates good knowledge acquisition.) Regarding the attitude and practice sections, the average scores were 23.68 ± 3.169 and 23.45 ± 5.030, respectively. (The total score range of both these sections is from 0 to 32. A score greater than 25.6 represents positive attitudes and good practices.) The reduction of COVID-19 risk is significantly associated with an increase in Knowledge scores (p trend < 0.01). In stratified analyses, the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices scores of residents in each region have varying degrees of correlation with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.ConclusionRural residents’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on COVID-19 prevention and control requires improvement. Efforts to promote their’ perceptions and habits regarding COVID-19 prevention and control are crucial in reducing the risk of infection.

How Can the Discipline of Muslim Students Be Improved? Testing the Effectiveness of Self-Regulated Learning Technique

Discipline is a form of obedience and compliance by an individual to the values and norms prevalent in the community. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of self-regulated learning (SRL) in enhancing Muslim students' discipline. This research adopts a quantitative approach with a pretest-posttest control group design. Twelve Muslim students were selected as research subjects using purposive sampling techniques. The experimental group comprised six individuals, while the control group comprised six. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed p= .027; p<.05 for the experimental group and p= .026; p<.05 for the control group. Based on the hypothesis test, it was proven that H0 is rejected. This indicates that the SRL technique is equally effective than the reality approach, although the average discipline improved more than other interventions. The findings of this study suggest that Self-Regulated Learning is one of the techniques that can be employed to enhance the discipline of Muslim students.

Openness and Warmth in the Digital World: Examining Therapeutic Relationships in Online Counseling in Javanese Culture

The advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed counseling practices, including those in Indonesia. This study explores the therapeutic relationships in online counseling, particularly as the cultural values of togetherness and openness characteristic of Javanese society influence them. A qualitative approach, employing a phenomenological study design, was utilized for this research. The subjects included 15 participants, comprising eight counselors and seven clients, selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection involved in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation. Techniques such as data triangulation and member checking were employed to ensure data validity. The findings reveal that while non-verbal communication barriers and limited personal interaction pose challenges, digital counseling expands access to services. Interestingly, in some cases, clients exhibit greater openness, benefiting from the anonymity and physical distance that digital platforms provide. This study emphasizes the significance of adopting a culturally informed counseling approach to enhance the quality of therapeutic relationships in the digital era.

A Behavioral Analysis of Online Loan Application Adoption: The Roles of Ease of Use, Risk, and Trust in Rural Bali

The rapid advancement of technology, particularly in digital financial services, has significantly facilitated various societal activities, wherein individual behaviors to adopt new technologies are crucial factors. This study analyses the influence of perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and trust on the intention to use online loan applications among residents of Bangli, a rural regency in Bali, who have not yet adopted such applications. Utilizing an explanatory research design and a quantitative approach, this study involved 96 respondents selected through a nonprobability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. Several analytical methods were employed, including validity and reliability testing, classical assumption testing, and multiple linear regression analysis. The findings reveal that perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and trust significantly affect adoption intentions both partially and simultaneously, with ease of use and trust positively influencing these intentions, while perceived risk has a negative effect on adoption intentions. This study contributes to international marketing management by offering insights into user behavior and the elements that foster or hinder fintech adoption in rural settings. By focusing on the roles of ease of use, risk perception, and trust, it provides a renewed perspective for enhancing the global expansion of fintech services.

Principals’ Instructional Leadership in Teacher Professional Development and its Relationship with Students' State Examinations Performance in Bururi Province Schools, Burundi

Purpose: Students who sit for the state examinations in Bururi Province have recently posted unsatisfactory performance. This poor performance could potentially have a severe impact on the educational system and the subsequent transfer from secondary schools to higher education if it is not addressed. The goal of the current research was to explore the principals’ leadership in teacher professional development and its relationship with student’s performance in the state examinations in secondary schools in Bururi Province. Methods: The transformational leadership theory served as the foundation for the present study. The research design for this study was the correlational research design. The target population was public secondary schools in Bururi province and the study involved principals, teachers, and the provincial directors of education. The researcher used a purposive sampling technique to select 11 boarding schools, all the principals, and the 6 provincial directors of education in the study while simple random sampling was adopted to identify teachers who participated in the study. Principals’ and teachers' questionnaires, as well as interview guides for directors of education in Bururi province, were utilized for collecting data. For quantitative data, Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to identify correlations between the independent and dependent variables in this study. Qualitative data from the interview was analysed thematically. Results: The findings indicated that coordination of teacher professional development had a positive and significant relationship with student performance in the state examination. Conclusion: The study recommends that principals should strengthen activities related to instructional leadership in coordination with teacher professional development.

EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT CANDIDATE STUDENTS ON THEIR SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING

The primary objective of this research is to ascertain the impact of future manager students' emotional intelligence levels on their subjective well-being. The study was carried out on a sample of students who were pursuing their studies at Khazar University, namely within the Faculty of Economics and Management. The study used a survey as the primary approach for data collecting. The convenience sampling technique, which is often used in the literature, was chosen as the sample method. The survey was developed and completed using an online platform. A cohort of 250 students was surveyed, and comment was obtained from 160 of them. The collected data underwent several analytical procedures, including frequency analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and correlation analysis, using the SPPS (Statistical Analysis Programme). In line with the study goal, a total of five hypotheses were formulated to facilitate the analysis process. Consistent with the findings, a significant correlation was seen between emotional intelligence and its many sub-dimensions, namely Self-Awareness, Social Awareness, Self-Control, and Relationship Management. Furthermore, the regression analysis yielded findings indicating a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and its sub-dimensions.

Effect of Think-Pair-Share Instructional Strategy on Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement in Chemistry

This study investigated the effect of think-pair-share instructional strategy on secondary school students’ academic achievement in Chemistry. It covered the topics; acids, bases and acid-base reactions. Two research questions guided the study and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The quasi-experimental design was adopted. The population of the study was 5,714 senior secondary school year one (SS1) Chemistry students in Awka Education zone in Anambra State. A sample of 192 SS 1 Chemistry students obtained using stratified and simple random sampling techniques was involved in the study. The instrument for data collection was Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT) validated by experts. The reliability of the instrument was established using Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 for CAT which yielded coefficient of internal consistency of 0.81. Data were collected by administering the instruments. The data obtained were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions; and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that there was significant difference in the mean academic achievement scores of the students taught Chemistry using think-pair-share instructional strategy and those taught using lecture method in favour of think-pair share instructional strategy. Moreso, there was no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of male and female students taught Chemistry using think-pair-share instructional strategy. Based on the findings, recommendations were made that seminars should be organized to orient Chemistry teachers on how to effectively use TPS instructional strategy in the teaching and learning of Chemistry. The study contributed to knowledge such that it has empirically proved and established that use of TPS improves students' academic achievement in Chemistry surpassing lecture method. The study also revealed empirically that use of TPS in teaching Chemistry enhances male and female students’ academic achievement

Evaluation of In Situ FAPAR Measurement Protocols Using 3D Radiative Transfer Simulations

The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) is one of the bio-geophysical Essential Climate Variables assessed through remote sensing observations and distributed globally by space and environmental agencies. Any reliable remote sensing product should be benchmarked against a reference, which is normally determined by means of ground-based measurements. They should generally be aggregated spatially to be compared with remote sensing products at different resolutions. In this work, the effectiveness of various in situ sampling methods proposed to assess FAPAR from flux measurements was evaluated using a three-dimensional radiative transfer framework over eight virtual vegetated landscapes, including dense forests (leaf-on and leaf-off models), open canopies, sparse vegetation, and agricultural fields with a nominal extension of 1 hectare. The reference FAPAR value was determined by summing the absorbed PAR-equivalent photons by either all canopy components, both branches and leaves, or by only the leaves. The incoming and upwelling PAR fluxes were simulated in different illumination conditions and at a high spatial resolution (50 cm). They served to replicate in situ virtual FAPAR measurements, which were carried out using either stationary sensor networks or transects. The focus was on examining the inherent advantages and drawbacks of in situ measurement protocols against GCOS requirements. Consequently, the proficiency of each sampling technique in reflecting the distribution of incident and reflected PAR fluxes—essential for calculating FAPAR—was assessed. This study aims to support activities related to the validation of remote sensing FAPAR products by assessing the potential uncertainty associated with in situ determination of the reference values. Among the sampling schemes considered in our work, the cross shaped sampling schemes showed a particular efficiency in properly representing the pixel scale FAPAR over most of the scenario considered.

Integration of Mobile Learning in Rifdarmon Model to Improve Student Learning Outcomes

Mobile learning utilizes mobile technology, such as smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices, to facilitate a flexible and collaborative learning process. This research aims to implement the integration of mobile learning into the Rifdarmon model in the learning process and evaluate the effectiveness of mobile learning integration into the Rifdarmon model in improving student learning outcomes in the Sensors and Transducers course. This research uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method. The subjects in this study are active students in the Automotive Engineering Department of Padang State University taking the Sensors and Transducers course. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling, where the researcher randomly selects two classes, the control and experimental classes. Then all students in the selected clusters become the sample. The data in this study were collected based on the pre-test and post-test scores obtained by students in the Sensors and Transducers course. Based on the results and discussion, the implementation of mobile learning integration into the Rifdarmon model in the learning process was successfully carried out in this research. There was a significant increase in learning outcomes for students after following the learning process, both with the conventional learning model (control class) and mobile learning integration into the Rifdarmon model (experimental class).

Analisis Faktor-faktor Penyebab Teknostres pada Karyawan Fresh Graduate Strata 1

The industrial revolution 4.0 has driven digital transformation in various sectors, changing the way companies operate and employees work. However, behind the advancements and efficiencies offered by technology comes a new phenomenon that deserves serious attention: technostress. Technostress, a term first introduced by Craig Brod in 1984, refers to the inability of individuals to adapt to or cope with new technologies in a healthy manner. This phenomenon is increasingly relevant in the context of the modern workplace, where employees are required to continuously adopt and adapt to new technologies. In this ever-changing work landscape, fresh graduate employees are an interesting group to study. They enter the workforce with assumed digital skills, but in reality, they are also vulnerable to technostress. Although this generation is often referred to as “digital natives”, they face unique challenges in dealing with the technological demands of the professional workplace. The participants in this study had the following criteria: male and female, 20-40 years old, recent graduates from a university, and have been working for at least one year or more. There were 72 participants collected in this study. Data collection for this study was carried out from September 2024 to mid-October 2024. The sampling technique used by researchers is purposive sampling. This type of research is qualitative which is analyzed using MAXQDA Analytics Pro 24 v24.4.1. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause the occurrence of technostress in employees of new undergraduate graduates. From the results of the research analysis, it can be said that the causes of technostress are quite complex, resulting in varied answers. However, the dominant answer said that technostress occurs due to unwise or excessive use of electronic devices that have a negative physical and emotional effect on users.

Pengaruh Work Life Balance terhadap Kepuasan Kerja pada Karyawan PT PLN (Persero) Indonesia Power Unit Bisnis Pembangkitan Ombilin di Sawahlunto

This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of work life balance on employee job satisfaction at PT. PLN Indonesia Power Ombilin Generation Business Unit in Sawahlunto. This research uses quantitative correlational methods. The population in this study were employees of PT. PLN Indonesia Power Ombilin Generation Business Unit in Sawahlunto. The sampling technique in the research used a saturated sample technique with a total of 89 respondents. The instrument in this study used the work life balance scale by Fisher et al. (2009) which was then adapted from the scale compiled by Gunawan (2019). Job satisfaction was measured using the Luthans (2006) scale which was then adapted from the scale compiled by Elvani (2019). Data was collected by distributing questionnaires online using Google forms, then the data was processed using simple linear regression analysis with the help of IBM SPSS 20. Hypothesis test results showed significant results of 0.160 > 0.05, which means there is no influence of work life balance on employee job satisfaction. PT. PLN Indonesia Power Ombilin Generation Business Unit in Sawahlunto. This means that the higher the work life balance will not affect the level of employee job satisfaction. This shows that Ha is rejected and H0 is accepted.

PENGARUH E-COMMERCE SHOPEE DAN KREATIVITAS MAHASISWA TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA ONLINE MAHASISWA JURUSAN ADMINISTRASI NIAGA POLITEKNIK NEGERI UJUNG PANDANG

This research is aimed find out students' perceptions of the students' creativity that must be possessed in online entrepreneurship, find out students' perceptions of online entrepreneurial intention, find out the effect of shopee e-commerce toward students' online entrepreneurial intention partially, find out the effect of students’ creativity toward students' online entrepreneurial intention partially, find out the effect of shopee e-commerce and students’ creativity toward students' online entrepreneurial intention simultaneously. The population of this research were students of the Department of Business Administration, the State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang who had completed entrepreneurship course and used shopee e-commerce with total of 399 students. In this research, the sampling technique used was purposive sampling and the calculation based of the slovin’s formula, which resulted 200 students as sample. This research data was obtained from distributing online questionnaires. The data gathered obtained is then processed and analyzed by using SPSS Statistics version 25 by conducting validity and reliability tests, descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests, and hypothesis tests. The results of this research showed that: 1) students' perceptions of shopee e-commerce in online entrepreneurship is in the good category; 2) students' perceptions of the students' creativity that must be possessed in online entrepreneurship is in the high category; 3) students' perceptions of online entrepreneurial intention is in the high category; 4) shopee e-commerce partially had an effect on online entrepreneurial intention; 5) student creativity had no effect on online entrepreneurial intention; 6) shopee e-commerce and student creativity simultaneously had an effect on online entrepreneurial intention.

Parent's Perception Regarding the Effects of Excessive Use of Mobile Phone on Children's Health: A Sociological Study in City Dera Ghazi Khan

The use of mobile phones among children has major effects on their health. Excessive and unrestricted use of mobile phones can contribute to various physical and psychological problems. Physically, children who spend excessive time on their phones often lead sedentary lifestyles, which can result in weight gain, obesity, and related health issues. Additionally, poor posture while using mobile phones can lead to musculoskeletal problems, causing discomfort and pain in the neck, back, and shoulders. The study objectives were i) to investigate the awareness level among parents regarding the potential health effects of excessive mobile phone use on children, ii) to examine the perception and attitudes of parents towards the use of children's mobile phones and its adverse effects on children's health as well as study the factors influencing parents decision regarding use of children mobile phone, and iii) to explore the knowledge gap among parents regarding the recommended guidelines for managing children's mobile phone usage. For this study, 280 parents were selected as respondents through a multistage sampling technique. At the first stage, 4 urban union councils (UC # 7 "Block–H", UC # 9 "Block–5", UC # 12 "Khayaban–e–Sarwar", and UC # 16 "Model Town") out of a total of 7 union councils were chosen using a simple random sampling method. At the second stage, 8 localities (two from each union council) were selected through a simple random sampling procedure. At third stage, 35 parents (as respondents) were selected from each locality using a purposive sampling technique. The results indicated that majority of parents (60.7%) were female , were age bunch from 31-40 years (52.5%), said their education was matriculation to upto graduation level (53.6%), were married (98.9%), and having 1–3 children (52.9%) were housewives (48.9%). The results also depicted majority (70.0%) of respondents said their household monthly income was 20,000– upto 50,000 rupees, parents' replied upto 6 hours spent their children to use mobile phone in a day (68.9%), parents sometimes allowed their children to use mobile phone in free time (77.9%) and sometimes allowed their children to use mobile phone in childhood (68.9%). Data regarding various purpose their children use mobile phone i.e. majority (71.4%) of the respondents said that children often use mobile phone for playing games; movies (47.9%); cartoons (55.0%); DIY crafts (49.6%); animated stories (54.3%); motivational content (49.3%); and educational Apps (48.9%). The results indicated that majority of parents (83.9%) were agreed that excessive mobile phone utilization cause neurological (mental health) issues in youngsters', mobile phone helped their child to stay organized (80.0%), mobile phone use likely obstruction with parent-kid association (78.2%) and empowering age-fitting substance and applications for youngsters deal with kids' cell phone utilization (85.3%). The bivariate analysis hypothesis showed that more hours spend by children on mobile phone in a day had significant relationship between more the risk of neurological (brain development) problems (χ2 = 33.882, p < .006). More hours spend by children on mobile phone in a day had significant correlation between more the potential interference with parent-child interaction (χ2 = 30.376, p < .016). Parents more allow to use mobile phone children's in free time had significant association between lower the children stay organized (χ2 = 21.748, p < .005). Parents more allow to use mobile phone children's in childhood had highly significant relationship between lower encourage age-appropriate content and apps to manage children's mobile phone usage (χ2 = 25.726, p < .001). The study was suggested that parents should be monitoring apps and games children download manage children’s mobile phone usage.