Research Sample Research Articles

Evaluation of the Iraqi Media Network's Proposed Strategy for the Period (2024-2028)

The strategy of the Iraqi media network has faced a significant challenge during the recent decades due to instability resulting from the political and security conditions experienced by Iraq. This deeply impacts various aspects of life, especially the media industry. In light of these circumstances, the idea of evaluating the proposed strategy for the Iraqi media network has emerged. The current research aims to study a crucial phase of strategic management, strategic evaluation, to assess the proposed strategy through data analysis, ensuring its implementation with minimal deviation from the planned course. The study focuses on studying and evaluating the proposed strategy for the Iraqi media network for the years 2024-2028, examining its effectiveness and alignment with the state's directions. That involves understanding the realism of strategic visions, plans, and programs and building a suitable conceptualization. This research focuses on environmental conditions and relies on scientific foundations and steps to formulate and evaluate the strategy. We created a study of senior figures, including general managers and experts in the Iraqi Media Network, 15 of whom purposefully selected the experts most relevant to the strategy and those responsible for evaluating it. The research hypothesis suggests a consensus among the network's managers and experts on the proposed strategy for the next five years in all its dimensions. The research results indicate that the reality of plans, programs, and visions is very good, developed by experienced leaders capable of evaluating the proposed strategy. The findings also demonstrate obvious acceptance of the strategy by the research sample and alignment with the proposed strategic alternative. Research Type: Research Paper

The impact of employee voice on creative performance: An analytical research in the number of industrial companies

Today, business organizations , seek to build creative capabilities by adopting advanced management concepts and methods such as employee voice to enable them facing potential challenges. This research investigates the impact of employee's voice on creative performance in a number of industrial companies in Baghdad City. The research's problem is started by the issues with weakness in corporate consciousness and the knowledge of employee voice that restrict firms from developing and innovating, and ignoring those voices except concerning the interest of companies. The main question of the research's problem is (What is the level of impact for employee voice on creative performance?). For the importance of the industrial sector in Iraq, the three companies which are Baghdad Soft Drinks Company, Electronic Industries Company, and the Iraqi Company for Carton Industry have been selected as a research domain. The research sample consists of 168 employees who work at these companies. Regarding to the statistical aspect, this research used the confirmative analysis coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the weighted arithmetic, the standard deviation, the mean, the coefficient of relative difference, and relative weight (relative importance). The questionnaire was used as a main instrument for collecting data. Hypotheses were tested through statistical programs (AMOS.V.25, SPSS.V). One of the most important findings is the significant positive impact of employee voice on creative performance. Research type: Research paper

The Impact Of Customer Empowerment On Reducing Marketing Deception: A Field Study For Several Iraqi Contracting Companies

Purpose: This paper attempts to analyze and discuss the impact of Customer Empowerment (CE) in reducing marketing deceptive practices carried out by companies. Theoretical framework: The literature related to the research topic did not describe of the application of CE in the workplace, as it is a recent variable and is still in the development stage. The scale (Abdel-Bari & Ashry, 2023) was adopted to measure the CE questionnaire, in addition to the scale (Gaber et al., 2018) to measure Marketing Deception (MD). Methodology: Field research was used to understand the practice of CE and identify scams. Six companies specialized in the field of contracting were selected. The research sample consisted of (152) employees. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and hypotheses were tested using the statistical program (SPSS). Results: There is a positive impact of empowering customers in reducing deceptive marketing practices. Research, practical and social implications: Provide a detailed description of the means that can achieve CE and reduce MD. Also, we Provides a practical approach to researching CE and suggests that future research should include business cases as a means of achieving this and provide justification for the importance of implementing CE practices. Originality/value: This paper is among the few to address CE with MD and emphasizes that CE must be an organization-wide goal and requires a long-term commitment to eliminate MD.

Virtual Field Trips Borobudur Temple Assisted with Songs in Stimulating Writing Skills of Descriptive Texts

Writing skills are crucial to basic language skills. However, observations in the field indicate that students' descriptive text writing skills are still low, especially in the aspect of content or ideas. This limitation makes it difficult for students to develop ideas, so the text does not provide enough information and description of the object. With this problem, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the virtual media field trip to Borobudur Temple, assisted by songs, in stimulating descriptive text writing skills. This quantitative research uses a quasi-experimental method and a nonequivalent (pretest-posttest) control group design. The research sample consisted of 52 students, with IV A as the experimental class and IV B as the control class, with each class totalling 26 students. The sampling technique used nonprobability sampling with saturated sampling. In the experimental class, special treatment was given, a virtual field trip to Borobudur Temple with the help of songs. In contrast, the control class only used conventional media such as pictures. Research data was collected using test techniques pretest and posttest. Then, the data analysis techniques using independent sample t-test, with the results in Sig. (2-tailed) 0.00<0,05 showing a significant influence of the virtual field trip media at Borobudur Temple assisted by songs on descriptive text-writing skills. This learning media is effective for stimulating descriptive text writing skills because it can inspire students to develop ideas based on virtual field trips and increase vocabulary through song lyrics to be translated into descriptive text.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Justice on Innovative Work Behavior: the Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and Knowledge Sharing

Innovative work behavior is every Civil Servant (PNS) must have to encourage individuals to produce new thoughts, methods and work processes that can be used to increase organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Research on innovative work behavior for civil servants still needs to be widely researched, especially in developing countries. For this reason, this research aims to identify the influence of transformational leadership, organizational justice, psychological capital, and knowledge sharing on innovative work behavior. Data collection was carried out in a single cross-sectional using purposive sampling. The research sample was obtained from Civil Servants who work at State Institutions of Government in Indonesia. The data was processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Square SEM (PLS-SEM) with 385 respondents. The results of this study prove a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership, organizational justice, psychological capital, and knowledge sharing on innovative work behavior. In addition, empirical results show that psychological capital and knowledge sharing can partially mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational justice on innovative work behavior. State Institutions of Government are expected to receive input and suggestions regarding the implementation of leadership and organizational policies so that employees have a positive psychology and a desire to share knowledge and skills so that they can create new ideas as organizational innovations.

Development and validation of a scale for citizen distrust in public organizations

PurposeDistrust has been a neglected concept in public governance research, especially in comparison with the much more developed stream of studies on trust. Recently, however, there has been a growing recognition of the need to better understand distrust and separate it from trust, especially given contemporary social challenges which endanger trust within societies. This study aims to propose a validated and reliable scale to measure citizen distrust in public organizations through assessment of public organizations’ untrustworthiness.Design/methodology/approachA rigorous three-stage scale development procedure was used to identify, operationalize, evaluate and validate the dimensions of distrust. Data obtained from a research sample of 541 Polish citizens was subject to construct validation (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) with satisfactory discriminant and convergent validities. A homogeneity reliability analysis (Cronbach’s alpha) provided an evidence of internal consistency reliability.FindingsThe study presents a valid and reliable scale assessing distrust through three dimensions of untrustworthiness in the context of public administration. This scale was developed as a three-factor construct with 11 validated items.Originality/valueThe presented instrument allows researchers to study distrust systematically across sectors and countries. It may be useful in future research and may provide insights to design practical remedies for citizen distrust.

The Effect Of Audit Committee And Capital Structure On Financial Performance In Energy Sector Companies Listed On The Indonesia Stock Exchange

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of independent variables consisting of audit committee size, audit committee independence, audit committee financial expertise and capital structure on financial performance. The companies used in this study are energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018-2023. The number of research samples was 17 companies with a total of 102 data that met the criteria using the purposive sampling method. The results of the study obtained are that the size of the audit committee and capital structure have a positive significant effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, the variables of the independence of the audit committee and the financial expertise of the audit committee have no effect on financial performance. This study builds on previous research by adding capital structure variables as independent variables. The implication of this research that has been carried out is to provide direction for financial managers in terms of selecting competent audit committee members and paying attention to the management of the capital structure in order to achieve the company's goals. For investors, it is best to choose a company that has an effective audit committee and a balanced capital structure.

Analysis Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Monocyte-to- Lymphocyte Ratios in Pediatric Respiratory Infections

Indonesia ranks third among countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide. Pneumonia also stands as a leading cause of death among infants in developing nations. The delay in diagnosing and the challenges in distinguishing TB and pneumonia have significant impacts on elevated morbidity and mortality rates. Both Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR) serve as inflammatory biomarkers utilized for rapid and straightforward bacteremia evaluation. This study aimed to analyze the difference between NLR and MLR in diagnosing of TB and pneumonia in children. This study was retrospective cross-sectional research utilizing secondary data at the time of initial diagnosis by a clinician as TB or pneumonia. Subjects with TB and/or pneumonia were treated at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar from January 2017 to December 2021. The research sample consisted of 150 patients with pediatric patients with pneumonia. Statistical analyses involved the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). This study examined NLR and MLR as supportive biomarkers for diagnosing TB and pneumonia. The NLR (AUC 0.674) and MLR (AUC 0.63) values in TB subjects were reasonably good in distinguishing between TB diagnosis and healthy subjects. The NLR (AUC 0.77) and MLR (AUC 0.787) values were effective in distinguishing pneumonia diagnosis from healthy control with better sensitivity and specificity compared to TB subjects. However, NLR (AUC 0.401) and MLR (AUC 0.384) values were not recommended to distinguish pneumonia from tuberculosis due to low AUC and extremely low sensitivity and specificity. The NLR and MLR values cannot be used to differentiate TB and pneumonia in children due to their low sensitivity and specificity.

Hubungan Gratitude dengan Body Dissatisfaction pada Perempuan Emerging Adulthood Pengguna Instagram

This study aims to examine the relationship between gratitude and body dissatisfaction in emerging adulthood women Instagram users. The type of research used is correlational quantitative research The number of research samples is 385 emerging adulthood women Instagram users domiciled in West Sumatra with sampling carried out through accidental sampling techniques. The measuring tools used are the gratitude scale and the body dissatisfaction scale. The analysis used was pearson correlation. Based on the results of the study, a correlation value of -0.385 and p < 0.05 was obtained, this shows that there is a negative relationship between gratitude and body dissatisfaction in emerging adulthood women Instagram users

The Influence Of Promotion And Location On The Increase In The Number Of Consumers At Grand Kartika Restaurant

This study aims to identify the impact of promotion and location on the increase in the number of consumers at Grand Kartika Restaurant. The method used is a survey. The research population includes visitors and service users of Grand Kartika Restaurant from March to May 2024. The research sample consists of 69 respondents collected through questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS Version 22 software. The results of the study show that both promotion and location have a positive effect on the increase in the number of visitors to Grand Kartika Restaurant. KEYWORDS promotion, location, increase in the number of consumers

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of youth soccer specialty schools in China

Youth soccer specialty schools are the primary project to strengthen the foundation of soccer talents, improve the level of soccer development, and achieve the dream of Chinese soccer. Taking 32,775 soccer specialty schools in China as the research sample, ArcGIS spatial analysis technology is used to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of soccer specialty schools and their influencing factors. The analysis shows that the overall distribution of the country forms five quantity concentration area and eight high-density core areas, with a high degree of spatial concentration and significant differences between the East and West. The factors influencing soccer specialty schools include nine factors in four dimensions: historical development, geographical environment, socio-economic, and educational resources. It was found that geographic environment and socio-economy provide the foundation and background for developing educational resources. However, the direct role of educational resources is more significant in a specific educational program, such as soccer specialty schools, followed by socio-economy and geographic environment. This study comprehensively analyzes and interprets soccer specialty schools’ spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors. These results enrich the research on the spatial layout of sports, providing necessary theoretical support and practical references for the layout and high-quality development of related industries in China and other countries or regions.

The Information content of annual report and cost of equity capital: Based on Text Vectorization Method

Taking Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2017 to 2021 as the research sample, the method of text vectorization is used to construct an index of information content of annual report, and empirically test the impact of information content on the cost of equity capital. The results show that the information content is negatively related to the cost of equity capital, and the degree of information asymmetry plays a mediating role between them. This article is the first to verify the effect of information content on the cost of equity capital, and it is expected to provide theoretical guidance for regulators, enterprises and investors.

Factors that Affect Creating of Competitive Advantage for Trade Business in Xayabury District, Xayabury Province

The purposes of study were: 1) to study trade business competition situation of entrepreneurs, 2) to study a creation of a competitive advantage for trade business of entrepreneurs, and 3) to investigate factors that affect a creation of a competitive advantage for trade business in Xayabury district, Xayabury province. The research sample was 160 peoples from trade business of entrepreneurs by using questionnaires as data collection instrument and statistics were used to analyze frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and stepwise multiple linear regression. The research found that: 1) trade business in Xayabuly City, Xayabuly Province, faces moderate competitive pressure with the strongest force coming from existing competitors within the industry, followed by the pressure from the entry of new competitors, the bargaining power of suppliers of goods/raw materials, the bargaining power of buyers, and lastly, the threat of substitute goods. 2) The creation of a competitive advantage of trade business entrepreneurs in in Xayabuly City, Xayabuly Province is at a high level, the highest mean is the trading business difference in bringing new commodities different from the competitors to the market to satisfy the customers. To quickly response to the needs of clients, it is necessary for the trading businesses to present new products. Trading businesses need to emphasize targeting markets by building good collaboration and friendship with clients. Trading business need to have a strategy in lowering operation costs by using resources effectively. 3) Factors affecting the creation of a competitive advantage for trading business in Xayabury district, Xayabury province, consist of six factors such as: proactive factor, current competitor factors, competitive strength factors, risk tolerance factors, political-legal factors and threat factors from substitute products. These factors are directly interconnected with the creation of a competitive advantage, except, political-legal factors of the entrepreneurs in Xayabuly District, Xayabuly Province.

Hubungan Upaya Guru Mendisiplinkan Siswa dengan Tingkat Kedisiplinan Siswa

This research is based on the existence of students who lack discipline and violate school rules. One of the factors that influences student discipline is the teacher's efforts. This research aims to: (1) describe students' perceptions of teachers' efforts to improve student discipline at SMP Negeri 11 Padang. (2) describe student discipline at SMP Negeri 11 Padang. (3) find out whether there is a relationship between students' perceptions of teachers' efforts to improve discipline and student discipline at SMP Negeri 11 Padang. This research uses quantitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The population of this research was 700 students at SMP Negeri 11 Padang for the 2024/2025 academic year with a research sample of 265 students selected using stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and Pearson Product Moment correlation. The results of this research indicate that the level of student discipline at SMP Negeri 11 Padang is in the high category, the teacher's efforts to discipline students at SMP Negeri 11 Padang are in the good category, and there is a positive and significant relationship between the teacher's efforts to discipline students (X) and the level of discipline student (Y) at SMP Negeri 11 Padang with a correlation coefficient of 0.756 with a significance value of 0.000 at a strong relationship level.

Chinese Studies: Researches and services in the National Library of China

Background The Chinese Studies Center of the National Library of China is an institution focusing on the collection, research and service of Chinese studies literature. Since the last century, the National Library of China (NLC) has started to collect a wide range of Chinese studies literature, and has now formed a huge special collection covering multiple languages and disciplines. Purpose This article introduces the origin of construction of the Chinese Studies Center (CSC), its service positioning, development status, major achievements and future outlook, with the aim of clarifying ideas for better development of the NLC’s Chinese studies collection and research services, and for the promotion of the development of Chinese studies to a higher level. Research Design The article aims to build a research framework to assess the role and potential of the CSC in promoting Chinese studies by reviewing its history and analyzing its service orientation and development direction. Study Sample: The research sample includes the CSC's resources, services, accomplishments and cooperations. Data Collection and/or Analysis: The article assesses the performance and influence of the CSC by collecting and analyzing information on its resources, services, achievements and academic exchanges. Results The CSC has basically formed a multi-dimensional development pattern integrating reading services, consulting and reference services, literature research, website construction, scientific research cooperation and foreign exchanges. Its service positioning has become clearer, its responsibilities richer, its research capability further enhanced, and it has achieved social benefits and a series of good results, making a great contribution to the development of Chinese studies. Conclusions The CSC has played an important in promoting Chinese studies and it will continue to enrich the collection of Chinese studies literature, promote the construction of Chinese studies catalogue, create a one-stop research and service platform, and carry out exchanges and cooperation in Chinese studies worldwide, so as to promote the further development of Chinese studies.

Intellectual Capital and Company Performance with Innovation as Mediation Variables

This study aims to examine the correlation between intellectual capital, innovation, and corporate performance in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) located in East Java, Indonesia. The proxy for each variable uses a Likert scale measurement by distributing questionnaires to MSME actors. The research sample consisted of 125 MSME actors who completed a returned questionnaire, whereas the study population consisted of 500 MSME company players. The PLS 3 software program is used in the quantitative descriptive data analysis technique. The findings demonstrated that innovation has a major impact on business success and that intellectual capital has a considerable impact on both. Additionally, innovation mediates the relationship between intellectual capital and business performance. Increased innovation will eventually lead to improved company performance if the intellectual capital developed by MSME business actors is more focused on innovation. Specifically the speed and quality of innovation, such as creating new and high-quality products, high-quality services, and problem-solving strategies that are also more accurate than those of other companies. This research contributes to the implications of intellectual capital in the business world which can be carried out early on, in the sense that even though companies are on a micro scale, MSME business actors can manage intellectual capital well in creating company performance. Keywords: intellectual capital, innovation, company performance, MSMEs

Influence Quality of Service and Hotel Image to Loyalty Through Hotel Customer Trust in Gorontalo City

The economic growth of Gorontalo City has had an impact on many entrepreneurs who invest in various fields, including the world of hotels. One way to maintain its existence is that hotel business players must be loyal to the customers. This study is to analyze the effect of service quality and hotel image on customer trust. The effects of service quality and hotel image on customer loyalty. The effects of customer trust on customer loyalty. Customer trust mediates the effects of service quality and hotel image on customer loyalty. The research population is guests who stay at hotels in the city of Gorontalo totaling 671 hotel guests with a research sample of 250 hotel guests. The analytical technique used is descriptive statistics so as to produce the average value (mean) of each indicator. The results showed that hotel customers in Gorontalo City strongly agree that service quality is formed by tangibles, reliability, responsiveness. Keywords: service quality, hotel image, customer trust, customer loyal

The Effect of Exercises with Blood Flow Restriction in the Limbs on the Development of Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy: A Pilot Study

Weight training with regulated blood flow in the limbs is characterized by low load intensity ranging from 30-50% of the one repetition maximum. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of weight training with regulated blood flow in the limbs on changes in muscle strength and hypertrophy. The research sample consisted of 5 participants aged 26.40±7.16 years who performed 10-week intervention program. The weekly microcycle consisted of three training sessions, which intensity was regulated by inflatable cuffs placed on proximal parts of upper and lower limbs. Body composition was assessed with InBody 720. Muscle strength of knee and elbow flexors and extensors was assessed with Cybex HUMAC NORM isokinetic dynamometer at four speeds ranging from 60-240°·s-1, supplemented by front squat and bench press with emphasis on speed during the concentric phase of the movement. The results showed an increase in knee flexor muscle strength that was not statistically significant. The present pilot-study points to the need for further verification of methods how to use regulated blood flow in training related to muscle strength and hypertrophy.

Gambaran Prokrastinasi Akademik Mahasiswa dan Implikasinya dalam Pelayanan Konseling

This research is motivated by the existence of academic procrastination that occurs among students. Students carry out high academic procrastination because students do not have the ability to manage their time well and prefer to do more enjoyable tasks than completing tasks. This study aims to describe the academic procrastination of curriculum and educational technology students and its effectiveness in counseling services. This type of research is quantitative research with a descriptive method. The population in this study was 436 students with a research sample of 209 students of the Curriculum & Educational Technology Department who were active in lectures in the 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 classes of the 2024/2025 academic year. The sampling technique for this study used the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through the use of instruments using a Likert scale, namely using academic procrastination instruments for students. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the level of academic procrastination of students majoring in curriculum and educational technology as a whole is in the moderate category. (2) the level of academic procrastination of students based on aspects of being stuck in starting and completing tasks is in the moderate category. (3) the level of academic procrastination of students based on aspects of being late in completing tasks is in the moderate category. (4) the level of academic procrastination of students based on aspects of time discrepancies between plans and actual performance is in the moderate category. (5) the level of academic procrastination of students based on aspects of doing more enjoyable activities is in the moderate category. Based on the results of this research, counselors can provide assistance to students to reduce the level of academic procrastination of students in the form of: information services, individual counseling services, group guidance services and group counseling services.

The Ability of Physical Education Teachers in Implementing Learning at Elementary Schools in Southwest Aceh Regency

Physical education teachers are responsible for preparing quality Learning Implementation Plans and implementing effective learning processes so that learning objectives are achieved. A good Learning Implementation Plan will make it easier for teachers to implement structured and directed learning. Physical education teachers face challenges in implementing effective learning processes. The physical education learning process must actively involve students and train their motor skills. However, in practice, physical education teachers often face difficulties in managing classes and making students actively engaged in learning. The approach used by the author in this study was a mixed-method approach (combined method) with an explanatory sequential design type. The research sample comprised nine physical education teachers working in elementary schools throughout Aceh Barat Daya Regency. The data collection techniques used by the researcher were observation and interview techniques. 1) Physical education teachers' ability to implement learning in elementary schools in Aceh Barat Daya Regency obtained the "Good" category with an average score of 6.5. Teachers can display personality aspects that include indicators of being charming, authoritative, firm, full of calling, and alert. In learning activities, teachers can carry out activities to open lessons, master materials, determine learning steps (activities), evaluate the process and learning outcomes, and close learning well. 2) The obstacles felt by physical education teachers in implementing the learning process at Elementary Schools in Southwest Aceh Regency are related to the limited availability of physical education learning facilities and infrastructure at schools. This has an impact on the less-than-optimal implementation of learning and evaluation activities. In addition, the limited time in learning activities, especially to evaluate the learning process of each student as a whole, so that teachers choose a fast and simple evaluation method. 1) The ability of physical education teachers to implement learning in Elementary Schools in Aceh Barat Daya Regency obtained the "Good" category. Teachers can display personality aspects and implement learning well. 2) The obstacles felt by physical education teachers in implementing the learning process at SD Negeri Aceh Barat Daya Regency are related to the limited availability of physical education learning facilities and infrastructure at the school and limited time in learning activities, especially to evaluate the learning process of each student as a whole.