Paste Samples Research Articles

IDENTIFICATION OF TRIARYLMETHANE, PHTHALOCYANINE AND XANTHENE IN A MIXTURE OF DYES BY ELECTRON ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

In the work, the qualitative composition and differentiation of 43 samples of ballpoint pen pastes of different colors was investigated (blue-violet – 29 samples, pink-violet – 3 samples, blue – 3 samples, black – 5 samples, green – 1 sample and red –2 samples) by the method of electronic absorption spectroscopy. The results of the study showed that each paste can be distinguished by studying the nature of their absorption spectra, which arises due to the presence of different functional groups. It was established that most of the analyzed paste samples contain pigments based on triarylmethane, phthalocyanine, xanthene dyes or their mixture. Certain absorption maxima correspond to each type of dyes. The broad and most intense band at λ~590 nm, which was detected for all samples, corresponds to triarylmethane dyes. The band at λ~670 nm corresponds to phthalocyanine dyes. The presence of absorption bands in the green range (λ~520–560 nm) indicates the presence of xanthene dyes in the composition of the pastes. Using the method of photoluminescence spectroscopy upon exci­tation of IR luminescence in the green region of the spectrum (λ=530 nm) it is shown that 11 blue-violet, 5 black and one red pastes exhibit bright luminescence due to the presence of crystal violet and some other triarylmethane dyes in their composition. Weak luminescence was detected for three blue pastes. No luminescence response was observed for the other tes­ted pastes, which is due to the presence of phthalocyanine dyes in these pastes, the absorption of which overlaps with the luminescence spectra of triarylmethane dyes. The obtained data can be used to create a reference base for identifying and differentiating the composition of ballpoint pen pastes of modern manufacturers and establishing their classification and identification differences.

Effect of Peony (Paeonia ostii) Seed Meal Supplement on Enzyme Activities and Flavor Compounds of Chinese Traditional Soybean Paste during Fermentation.

Peony seed meal (PSM) is the by-product obtained from peony seeds after oil extraction. In this study, PSM was incorporated into traditional koji-making, and its impacts on koji enzyme activities and flavor compounds in final products were investigated. In the process of koji fermentation, the optimal addition ratio of PSM to soybean was determined as 7:3. Under this ratio, the maximum enzyme activities of neutral protease, amylase, and glucoamylase were 1177.85, 686.58, and 1564.36 U/g, respectively, and the koji obtained was subjected to maturation. During post-fermentation, changes in the fermentation characteristics of the paste samples were monitored, and it was found that compared to the soybean paste without PSM, the enzyme activities maintained at a relatively good level. The PSM soybean paste contained a total of 80 flavor compounds and 11 key flavor compounds (OAV ≥ 1), including ethyl isovalerate, isovaleric acid, hexanal, phenylacetaldehyde, 3-Methyl-1-butanol 4-heptanone, 2-pentylfuran, methanethiol ester caproate, isoamyl acetate, 3-methyl-4-heptanone, and isovaleraldehyde. These findings could be used to improve the quality of traditional fermented paste, enrich its flavor, and simultaneously promote PSM as a valuable resource for fermented foods.

Use of irradiated PET plastic waste for partially replacing cement in concrete?

Portland cement used in the manufacture of concrete is responsible for an estimated 5–8% of the global CO2 emissions. Recently published work (Schaefer et al., 2018) claims that γ-irradiated PET waste powder can be used as a partial replacement of cement in concrete for reducing its CO2 footprint. More specifically, exposure of PET to γ-irradiation at a dosage of 100 kGy alters its crystal structure and chemical composition, which in turn leads to a smaller reduction in concrete strength compared to non-irradiated PET waste. Hence, making it possible for irradiated PET waste to be used as a raw ingredient in the manufacture of concrete while at the same time diverting significant quantities of PET waste from landfills. The aim of this research was to independently assess and verify the above claims. For this purpose, the effect of different low irradiation dosages (0, 10 and 100 kGy) and different replacement levels (2.5 %, 5 % and 10 % by volume) of cement by PET waste on the consistency and mechanical strength of pastes and mortars was determined in a laboratory investigation. XRD, TGA and DSC were also used to study the effect of irradiation on the microstructure of raw PET waste and the microstructure of paste and mortar samples containing irradiated PET waste powder. Our results indicate that use of γ-irradiated PET waste (exposed to an irradiation dosage of up to 100 kGy) for partially replacing cement does not lead to a significant recovery of mechanical strength lost when non-irradiated PET waste is used.

A variable sampling interval one-sided CUSUM control chart for monitoring the multivariate coefficient of variation

Monitoring techniques based on the multivariate coefficients of variation (MCV) have received a great deal of attention in quality control. Numerous studies have shown that adaptively changing the charting parameters based on the past sample information can improve the performance of a chart in detecting process changes. In view of the performance benefits of adaptive strategies, two one-sided cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts are proposed to monitor the MCV and a variable sampling interval (VSI) strategy is incorporated into these charts. By using the Markov chain method, the formulas for calculating the average and standard deviation of time to signal measures of the VSI CUSUM MCV control charts are derived. Then for the known and unknown shift sizes, the optimization algorithms for obtaining the charting parameters are presented. The superiority of the proposed control charts is confirmed by comparing their performance with two existing MCV charts. Finally, an example using real investment data demonstrates the practical application of the proposed charts.

Method for Concrete Structure Analysis by Microscopy of Hardened Cement Paste and Crack Segmentation Using a Convolutional Neural Network

In recent years, the trend of applying intelligent technologies at all stages of construction has become increasingly popular. Particular attention is paid to computer vision methods for detecting various aspects in monitoring the structural state of materials, products and structures. This paper considers the solution of a scientific problem in the area of construction flaw detection using the computer vision method. The convolutional neural network (CNN) U-Net to segment violations of the microstructure of the hardened cement paste that occurred after the application of the load is shown. The developed algorithm makes it possible to segment cracks and calculate their areas, which is necessary for the subsequent evaluation of the state of concrete by a process engineer. The proposed intelligent models, which are based on the U-Net CNN, allow segmentation of areas containing a defect with an accuracy level required for the researcher of 60%. It has been established that model 1 is able to detect both significant damage and small cracks. At the same time, model 2 demonstrates slightly better indicators of segmentation quality. The relationship between the formulation, the proportion of defects in the form of cracks in the microstructure of hardened cement paste samples and their compressive strength has been established. The use of crack segmentation in the microstructure of a hardened cement paste using a convolutional neural network makes it possible to automate the process of crack detection and calculation of their proportion in the studied samples of cement composites and can be used to assess the state of concrete.

Real-Time Monitoring of Cement Paste Carbonation with In Situ Optical Fiber Sensors

Reinforced concrete structures are prevalent in infrastructure and are of significant economic and social importance to humanity. However, they are prone to decay from cement paste carbonation. pH sensors have been developed to monitor cement paste carbonation, but their adoption by the industry remains limited. This work introduces two new methods for monitoring cement paste carbonation in real time that have been validated through the accelerated carbonation of cement paste samples. Both configurations depart from traditional pH monitoring. In the first configuration, the carbonation depth of a cement paste sample is measured using two CO2 optical fiber sensors. One sensor is positioned on the surface of the sample, while the other is embedded in the middle. As the carbonation depth progresses and reaches the embedded CO2 sensor, the combined response of the sensors changes. In the second configuration, a multimode fiber is embedded within the paste, and its carbonation is monitored by observing the increase in reflected light intensity (1.6–18%) resulting from the formation of CaCO3. Its applicability in naturally occurring carbonation is tested at concentrations of 3.2% CO2, and the influence of water is positively evaluated; thus, this setup is suitable for real-world testing and applications.

Dispersion of hydrophobic waste amorphous carbon powder in cementitious environment and its effect on the permeability of cement paste

A Proper dispersion of powder-based hydrophobic admixtures in cementitious composites is challenging due to the presence of water. Studies have shown that amorphous carbon powder (ACP), a hydrophobic by-product of refining waste materials of paraffin production can be used as a hydrophobic agent. However, mixing methods and dispersing agents for modifying cementitious materials with ACP can significantly impact their mechanical properties, workability, water-repellency (hence the durability), and dispersion quality of ACP. Lack of information about the extent of their impact on different aspects mentioned above can hinder the practical use of ACP as a hydrophobic agent. To fill this gap, the objective of this study is to comprehensively investigate factors in the dispersion of ACP in cementitious materials and the tradeoff between mechanical properties and water permeability of ACP-modified cementitious materials when more than one mixing method is adopted. The impacts of different dispersing agents and mixing methods, including ultrasonication, dry mixing, and after mixing, on dispersion quality of ACP in cementitious environment analogous with aqueous solutions and hardened cement paste were assessed. Polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer (PCE) proved to be the most effective dispersing agent. Compressive strength of ACP modified cement paste can be increased or decreased with or without the workability reduction effect of ACP along with PCE respectively. Based on volume fraction of ACP clusters in X-ray micro-CT 3D reconstruction of hardened cement paste, ultrasonication was identified as the most effective mixing method and dry mixing was the worst in terms of achieving a uniform distribution of ACP in cement paste. However, all mixing methods presented more than 85% volume fraction of uniformly dispersed ACP areas with no major difference in terms of hydrophobic modification capability. Modifying cement paste with a higher amounts of ACP (5 to 15% by weight of cement) substantially increased water contact angle (up to 171% for w/c ratio of 0.35) and decreased water absorption. The hydrophobic modification capability of ACP increases with a decrease in the quality of cement paste and is diminished by the presence of PCE. Consequently, without PCE, water absorption rate was reduced by up to 92% in similar ACP modified cement paste samples, which also led to a major reduction in compressive strength.

Early metakaolin reactions in pozzolanic R3-test: calorimetry baseline correction of initial temperature jump due to ex-situ mixing

The increasing concerns regarding global warming and the scarcity of raw materials in the construction industry have led to a growing need for alternative low-carbon binders to partially replace ordinary Portland cement. To assess the suitability of pozzolans as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), the R3-test has been introduced and successfully validated for a wide range of materials. This test provides an opportunity to analyze the reactivity classification and study the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of novel SCMs in a well-controlled environment. In this study, the focus lies on evaluating the early reactions of lime paste samples through isothermal calorimetry tests conducted at 40 °C. However, conventional mixing methods present experimental challenges. In-situ mixing fails to achieve proper paste homogenization, while ex-situ mixing results in a temperature difference at the start of testing due to the elevated testing condition of 40 °C. To address these concerns, a novel calorimetric methodology is proposed for early detection of reactivity responses. The main concept involves establishing a baseline correction for the temperature difference caused by ex-situ mixing, which is calibrated using an inert sample. This correction allows for the extraction of the heat generated by the early reactions. Combined with the Tian time correction, this methodology enables the evaluation of early reactions in lime paste samples measured with isothermal calorimetry at 40 °C within the first 100 min after mixing. The effectiveness of this methodology was demonstrated by evaluating the early reactions and the impact of potassium sulfate on three different types of metakaolin.

Investigation of the electrical sensing properties of cementitious composites produced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes dispersed in NaOH

The use of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, in cement-based composites has been a topic of considerable attention in recent years due to their potential to monitor civil structures and infrastructures. One of the main challenges is the adequate and efficient dispersion of the carbon nanotubes due to their nanoparticle size and the high adhesion forces developing among them. The most common strategy to tackle this challenge is to use sonic treatments that are unfeasible for field-scale implementations. Alternatively, specific chemicals (i.e. surfactants) facilitating nanotube mixing are used, but this often results in poor mechanical properties, reduced electrical conductivity and high environmental impact of the composites. This works has as the main aim to analyze the self-sensing properties of the cementitious composites developed with NaOH as the dispersing agent. For this purpose, the work investigates electrical and sensing properties of cement-based nanocomposites with different contents of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), namely 1%, 1.5%, and 2% with respect to cement weight, previously dispersed in NaOH aqueous solution. The composites' fresh and electrical properties are evaluated, and a microstructural analysis is carried out. The major findings of the work reveal that cement paste samples with different contents of MWCNT presented increasing sensing properties up to 2%, and that the dispersing strategy was promising despite its simplicity.

Structural and mechanical studies of a ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) based binder and its use in earth concrete

The aim of this work is to characterize the mechanical properties with the understanding of the chemical reactions of a ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) based binder for earth concrete. Both binder paste and earth concrete samples are cured at 20 °C and 100% of relative humidity. Several characterization techniques are conducted, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and mechanical tests. The compressive tests are done at 7, 28 and 90 curing days. This study shows that dicalcium silicates found in the binder powder leads to calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) formation in the early age. It also reveals the presence of portlandite, leading to the calcium-activation of the GGBS. This latent reaction creates several phases such as C-S-H and C-A-H in the mid and long term. The analyzis of the infrared specters corroborates those results. The C-S-H characteristic bands are identified around 400, 655 and 960 cm-1. C-A-H characteristic peak is identified at 850 cm−1. The mechanical study shows that the compressive strength of the binder reaches 13.9±0.3 MPa, 21.1±0.8 MPa and 25.4±0.7 MPa and the earth concrete 8.9±0.7 MPa, 16.6±0.3 MPa and 18.7±0.2 MPa at 7, 28 and 90 curing days respectively. Those mechanical properties are brought by the hydrates formed during the binder’s reaction. It creates a matrix that bounds the grains of raw earth together. This work highlights the high mechanical properties of earth concrete made out of this binder. It also shows the potential of calcium-activated GGBS and pozzolanic reactions in order to create low carbon earth concrete with good resistance. Such binder may foster the use of earth concrete in buildings, enhancing their thermal comfort and energy efficiency while reducing their environmental impact.

Fixed-Time System Identification Using Concurrent Learning.

This article presents a fixed-time (FxT) system identifier for continuous-time nonlinear systems. A novel adaptive update law with discontinuous gradient flows of the identification errors is presented, which leverages concurrent learning (CL) to guarantee the learning of uncertain nonlinear dynamics in a fixed time, as opposed to asymptotic or exponential time. More specifically, the CL approach retrieves a batch of samples stored in a memory, and the update law simultaneously minimizes the identification error for the current stream of samples and past memory samples. Rigorous analyses are provided based on FxT Lyapunov stability to certify FxT convergence to the stable equilibria of the gradient descent flow of the system identification error under easy-to-verify rank conditions. The performance of the proposed method in comparison with the existing methods is illustrated in the simulation results.

Effect of pretreatment procedure on the properties of cementitious materials with limestone cured by CO2

Carbon sequestration in cementitious materials is an effective way to promote sustainable development of the cement industry. Traditionally, specimens are cast and then cured by CO2. Cement particles are first pretreated with CO2 and cast into specimens to study their performance properties are innovatively investigated in this paper. In this study, the carbonation depth, CO2 uptake amount, compressive strength, reaction heat, XRD and SEM/BSE of cementitious materials with and without pretreatment procedure were investigated. The results showed that the pretreatment procedure enhanced the CO2 uptake amount of paste samples and contributed significantly to the carbonation depth, but was not conducive to the development of compressive strength. As seen in the SEM/BSE images, a rim of dense nano-sized CaCO3 was produced around the clinker particle after pretreatment, which was identified as mainly calcite in combination with XRD analysis. The considerable reduction in cumulated heat release of the pretreated cement implied that the rim of dense CaCO3 hinder the subsequent hydration of unreacted clinker particle to some extent. The sample prepared with pretreated cement caused a rim of crack around the clinker particle after 1 day of CO2 curing and 27 days of subsequent water curing. 5%, 10% and 15% limestone powder were added in order to improve the degree of carbonation and hydration of cementitious materials. With the increase of limestone powder addition, the carbonation depth and CO2 uptake amount increased gradually. The compressive strength reached the maximum when its content was 10%.

Prediction of Rhodamine B Dye Content in Chilies Paste Using VIS-NIR Spectroscopy

Chili is an agricultural product that is used as a spicy seasoning because it produces a hot effect with striking color and can be processed into various products, such as chili paste. However, it was found that some sellers misused the harmful Rhodamine B (RB) dye in chili paste to maintain the color in order to maximize profits without considering the health impact of consumers. In this study, a method was developed to predict RB in chili paste samples non-destructively using the VIS-NIR instrument combined with the Partial Least Square Regression (PLS) chemometric method to build a calibration model to measure RB content. Red curly chilies in good condition without blemishes were washed and then ground into chili paste products as samples in this study. The samples were divided into four variations of RB concentration, namely 0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm. The chili paste spectra were acquired at a wavelength of 450-950 nm and several pre-treatments spectra were performed. The best calibration model that can be generated using pre-treatment multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) has a calibration value of R2 of 0.96, SEC of 70.69, and RPD of 4.52. This shows that a non-destructive method for predicting RhB concentrations in chili paste using VIS-NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis produces a good measurement method for screening applications.

Fluorescent paper sensor based on green emissive carbon nanodots for visual detection of acid orange II in food samples

This work for the first time presents a visual fluorescence paper sensor for accurate and on-site detection of acid orange II (AO2) in food matrix, where green-emissive carbon nanodots (G-CDs) were exploited. The as-synthesized G-CDs had an average particle size of 3.9 ± 0.7 nm and displayed green emission at 511 nm upon excitation at 450 nm. When there existed AO2, the G-CDs fluorescence was effectively suppressed via inner filter effect (IFE) and dynamic interaction. The as-prepared G-CDs probe achieved a 0.01–25.0 μM linear scope and a 36.5 nM limit of detection. Particularly, owing to a distinguishable reduction in G-CDs emission intensity by a smartphone application, a visual probing platform along with a nanopaper-based device were be developed for recognizing AO2. The corresponding detection limits were severally 0.61 μM and 1.39 μM. Success was achieved in applying our fluorescence approaches for detecting AO2 in Yuba, chili powder, sunflower seeds, tomato paste and orange juice samples, attaining desirable results. The present work underlines the potential of smartphone-integrated nanopaper based on CDs as an encouraging candidate for on-site AO2 recognition in food matrix.

Effect of calcium leaching on the characteristics of chloride physical adsorption and chemical binding of cement-based materials

Chloride corrosion is an important reason for the degradation of bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures. When chloride ions transport from external environment into concrete, a part of ions will be bound by the cement matrix through the behaviors of chemical binding and physical adsorption. In this paper, the cement paste samples (R0, R5 and R15) with different degrees of calcium leaching are prepared to investigate the chloride binding capacity, by performing the experiment of chloride isothermal adsorption and desorption. In the experiment, the R0, R5 and R15 are immersed into NaCl-CH composite solutions with different chloride concentrations (Cf-Cl). The change of total binding chloride ion (TBCI), physically adsorbed chloride ion (PACI) and chemically bound chloride ion (CBCI) concentrations in the samples with Cf-Cl is obtained. Then, the linear and nonlinear adsorption laws are adopt to fit the experimental data of chloride concentrations, and the most appropriate adsorption laws are determined separately for the behaviors of TBCI, PACI and CBCI. Finally, the equations for chloride binding capacity of R0, R5 and R15 are obtained, which can be used to analyze the capacity of TBCI, PACI and CBCI of cement-based materials subjected to calcium leaching.

In situ monitoring of the hydration of calcium silicate minerals in cement with a remote fiber-optic Raman probe

This study utilized a novel in situ fiber-optic Raman probe to continuously monitor the hydration progress of tricalcium silicate (C3S) and dicalcium silicate (C2S) without the need for sampling, from early hydration stage to later stages, and from fresh to hardened states of paste samples. By virtue of the remarkable ability of this technique in characterizing either dry or wet and crystalline or amorphous samples, the hydration processes of C3S and C2S pastes with different water-to-solid (w/s) ratios could be monitored from the start of the hydration reaction. The main hydration products, calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) and portlandite/calcium hydroxide (CH), have been successfully identified and continuously monitored for variations in their respective amounts in situ. The effect of w/s ratio on the hydration processes of C3S and C2S pastes was also considered. Meanwhile, the x-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed a great correlation with the in situ Raman test results about hydration products, which demonstrated the reliability of this technology. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of this Raman probe is significantly superior to existing technologies for in situ fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy. This remote fiber-optic Raman probe enables the use of Raman spectroscopy in future construction projects for on-site monitoring and evaluation of health conditions and performance of concrete structures.

Developing mortar using limestone flash-calcined dredged sediment/millstone-clay cement binder (LFC)

This study aims to develop a sustainable cement binder that resembles limestone calcined clay cement by examining the effects of flash calcination on the physical and mineralogical properties of materials, and their potential as pozzolanic material. The study will evaluate whether flash-calcined material, made from marine sediments or excavated clayey soils at 750 °C, can be a substitute for metakaolin (MK), commonly used to enhance cementitious formulations. The researchers aim to determine whether the flash-calcined material can achieve similar properties to MK when developing mortar made of limestone flash-calcined sediment/millstone-clay cement (LFC). The study shows that flash calcination improves pozzolanic reactivity by enhancing BET surface area and density without altering chemical characteristics. The Chapelle test confirms pozzolanic reactivity in the flash-calcined sediment (FCS) and flash-calcined millstone clay (FCMC), and physical, mechanical, and microstructural tests are conducted to analyze their impact on various formulations of mortar and paste samples. The results suggest that LFC with MK, FCS, and FCMC can achieve better strength than the reference mix C0. Microstructural tests demonstrate that mortar designed with FCS and FCMC have similar compositions to that with MK.

Identification of Fungi Associated with Hazelnuts and Determination of Their Mycotoxin

To analyze natural mycoflora of hazelnuts in Sulaimani province of Iraq, this study conducted by collecting 33 (27 raw hazelnut kernel and 6 hazelnut paste) samples and determine their mycotoxin. Polyphasic approach consisting of morphological examination and molecular characterization based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (species specific PCR) was performed fungi identification. For the incidence of aflatoxins (AFs) the hazelnuts samples were analyzed by ELISA technique. The results show that 20 sample (60.6%) (18 raw hazelnut kernel and 2 hazelnut paste) were contaminated with three main genera of fungi, namely Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopusin. From Aspergillus, A. flavus and A. parasiticus were the dominant. In AFs analysis, AFs detected in all (100%) of these contaminated hazelnut samples with various level ranged from 9.9 to 10.7 µg kg−1 for raw hazelnut kernel samples and ranged from 10.2 to 13.9 µg kg−1 for hazelnut paste samples. AF contamination level of all of them exceeded the legal limits set by EC. Investigations for aflatoxin quantification and fungus contamination in more number of samples must be conducted to ensure safety of such kinds of food.

Validation of a pulp-type candy (Pulpijamay) based on the by-product of the hibiscus flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

There is a diversity of sweets in confectionery according to times and countries, according to regions and religions where there is no limitation in the preparation of the sweet depending on the imagination of each confectioner. With the jamaica flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) various food products are made and currently with pharmaceutical interest, certain products are attributed beneficial qualities in weight loss, favoring the digestive process in a good way, it is slightly laxative and is also diuretic, reason for which it has cleansing and detoxifying effects, despite these benefits, in general only the supernatant is used and the flower is discarded as organic waste. Therefore, in the present research work, it seeks the use of the pulp of the jamaican flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) developing a sweet, carrying out tests with different binding substances and concentrations, obtaining samples of paste to later be mixed with sucrose, salt and chili pequin. The same procedure was carried out for gum arabic, glucose and the glucose-sucrose mixture. Physicochemical results were obtained from the product, such as pH, ºBrix and the desired viscosity for the Jamaica flower candy.

Vacuum Ohmic Heating: A Promising Technology for the Improvement of Tomato Paste Processing, Safety, Quality and Storage Stability

Ohmic heating (OH) is an electrothermal technology used to inactivate enzyme and microbial activities. This work aimed to study the impact of Ohmic Heating Under Vacuum (OHUV) which compared to conventional heating (CH) as well as storage stability at 5°C and 25 °C on microbial safety, and nutritional quality. The evaluation parameters were pH, titratable acidity, TSS, lycopene, ascorbic acid, PME, HMF, and microbiological activity. The obtained results showed that tomato paste samples that were treated by OHUV are significantly superior to CH in terms of all physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, as well as being the least harmful during storage in both transparent and dark packages. The results showed the changes in ascorbic acid, lycopene, and HMF values that were treated by OHUV at 25 °C and filled in transparent package are most affected compared to other treated samples. On the other hand, tomato paste samples stored in dark packages at 5 °C performed significantly better than those subjected to CH under the same conditions and activated PME the most had higher ascorbic acid and lycopene and fewer changes in HMF during storage time for 90 days. OHUV found to be a good alternative treatment in the production of tomato paste.