Samples In Tertiary Care Hospital Research Articles

Incidence of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci in Various Clinical Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal

Objectives: To determine incidence of coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in various clinical samples along with the study of their multi drug resistance, methicillin resistance and biofilm formation. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted which included 1875 clinical samples. The isolation and identification of isolates was done following standard microbiological protocol. The CoNS were identified phenotypically on the basis of gram staining, slide and tube coagulase test and through various carbohydrates fermentation tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2020) whereas biofilm production was determined by Tissue Culture Plate (TCP) technique. Results: A total of 32 CoNS, comprising of 6 species were identified. S. epidermidis (43.8%) was the most common species isolated followed by S. saprophyticus (28.1%), S. haemolyticus (15.6%), S. hominis (6.3%), S. lugdunensis (3.1%) and S. cohini (3.1%). Further, 27 (84.4%) of CoNS were found to be multidrug resistant, 22 (68.8%) methicillin resistant and 8 (25%) showed positive D- test. Strong biofilm production was detected in 9 (28.1%) isolates of CoNS, 10 (31.3%) were moderate biofilm producers and 13 (40.6%) non/weak biofilm producers. The equal distribution, 9 (33.3%) each of strong, moderate and non/weak biofilm producers were found among 27 isolates of MDR. Among 22 methicillin resistant isolates, 9 (40.9%), 7 (31.8%) and 6 (27.3%) were strong, moderate and non/ weak biofilm producers respectively. All isolates were sensitive against Linezolid followed by Cotrimoxazole. Conclusion: The increasing multi drug resistance among CoNS should be rationally approached with the use of proper antibiotics while treating the patients.

Study of Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Pus Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital

Study of Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Pus Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital

Identification and Characterization of Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Different Clinical Samples at Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore

Aim: To identify and characterization of klebsiella pneumoniae in different clinical samples in tertiary care hospital, Lahore Methodology: These 90 samples include 12 sputum samples, 21 tracheal swab, 30 pus and 27 urine samples from LGH, Lahore. Sample size: 90 subjects Duration: 6 months i.e. 01-07-2022 to 31-12-2022 Study place: LGH, Lahore Gram staining, microscopy, sputum, tracheal swab, pus, and urine cultures, biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for all samples. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS Software. Results: Among the 90 clinical samples, 50 (55.6%) were positive for K. pneumoniaand10 cases (11.1%) with other bacteria. 30 (33.3%) cases showed no growth. Colistin, meropenem, amikacin, and imipenem (8.3%) were sensitive to sputum samples. Colistin 38.1%, ceftazidime 4.7%, meropenem 4.7%, amikacin 9.5%, sulfamethoxazole 4.7%, gentamycin 9.5%, and imipenem 28.5% were sensitive in tracheal swab samples. Conclusion: The highest sensitivity was observed incefoperazone, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone (53.3%) isolates in pus samples. Keywords: Klebsiellapneumoniae, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, sensitivity patterns.

A Study of Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates in Sputum Samples in Tertiary care hospital

Aim: The study's objective is to examine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated organisms in sputum samples in tertiary care hospitals. Material and method: In Lucknow's Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, the microbiology department conducted the current cross-sectional study. Using a regular sampling technique, a total of 1503 patients with clinically confirmed bacterial illnesses were included in the study. As a consequence, 108 bacterial samples produced positive results suggesting bacterial growth, whereas the other samples showed no bacterial growth or normal flora. The Bartlett's procedures were used to assess the sputum's quality. Result: Among1503 samples, 108 were pathogenic. The most common isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae [41.6%] followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa [34.25%], Escherichia coli [21.29%], Coagulase staphylococcus aureus [1.85%] and Acinetobacter spp [0.92%] from sputum samples of patients suffering from upper or lowers respiratory infection. Conclusion: In our study Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli were the pathogens in all age groups and sexes.

Species prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci isolated from various clinical samples in tertiary care hospital

Introduction: Emergence of multidrug resistant nosocomial enterococcus strains emphasizes the need for further investigating enterococci. Objectives: To characterize enterococci from various clinical specimens, to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and to explore the association between virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. Material and Methods: Two hundred and eighty three clinical isolates of enterococcus were speciated and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. They were screened for vancomycin resistance by vancomycin screening agar method as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute 2020, and confirmed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration using agar dilution and E test. Genotypic confirmation was done by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 283 enterococci isolated, 12 species were identified; predominant species was Enterococcus faecalis (82.33%). High level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) and vancomycin resistance were observed among 55.57% and 6.01% of Enterococcus isolates respectively. All vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) were Enterococcus faecalis and had vanA phenotype and genotype. Sensitivity to linezolid was 100 per cent among enterococci. Conclusion: Our study reveals the occurrence of sizable number of HLGR isolates and emergence of VRE.

Frequency and Gram Categorywise Distribution of Clinical Isolates from Patient samples in tertiary care Hospital of Lahore

Antibiotics form an important tool in the treatment of various bacterial infections but their overuse and misuse are resulting in antibacterial resistance among bacteria. Objective: to outline the frequency and gram categorywise distribution of clinical isolates from patient samples Methods: In this study, 1000 samples were collected from the patients attending the pathology department of Fatima memorial hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Identification of bacteria was done through conventional culture and biochemical tests Results: one thousand clinical isolated were identified Conclusions: Gram negative bacterial isolates were prevalent, with 55% frequency distribution and Staphylococcus aureus was frequent as it was identified in 410 different samples of patients.

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Multi Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Clinical Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital, South India

Background and Aims Emergence of multi drug resistant MDR gram negative bacteria GNB is a serious threat and major challenge encountered by healthcare professionals. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of antimicrobial resistance patterns in drug resistant GNB isolated at tertiary care hospital.Methods A total of 934 GNB strains were included in this study. Bacterial identification and disk diffusion testing were performed using standard microbiological techniques. Phenotypic detection of ESBL was assessed using double disk synergy test. Multiplex PCR assay was optimized to detect NDM-1 OXA-48 VIM IMP and KPC genes in carbapenem resistant GNB.Results The most common GNB identified were E. coli n46449.7 K. pneumoniae n13714.7 Acinetobacter Sp n13114 P. aeruginosa n11212 and Enterobacter Sp n313.3. Out of 934 isolates 808.6 were resistant to all tested antibiotics including carbapenems fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides with high rate of resistant among Acinetobacter sp n454.8. On the other hand among 16818 carbapenem resistant isolates NDM-1 was most predominant in E. coli n2313.7 followed by K. pneumoniae n169.5 Acinetobacter Sp. n158.9 and P. aeruginosa n84.8. OXA-48 was most common in Acinetobacter Sp. n4124.4 followed by E. coli n74.2 and K. pneumoniae n63.6. Among 221 23.7 ESBL producing GNB E. coli n16717.9 was most common followed by K. pneumoniae n303.2 and Acinetobacter Sp n91.Conclusions The occurrence of bacterial infections caused by MDR-GNB and carbapenem resistant GNB infections is high. It is important for clinicians to evaluate and focus on the risk factors associated with the acquisition of MDR and carbapenem resistant organisms in hospital environment.

Antibiotic Sensitivity against Proteus Mirabilis Isolated from Pus Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital of Quetta, Pakistan


 
 
 
 
 Abstract 
 
 Proteus is an important microorganism that have been isolated from wound infections causing severe complications. This study was aimed to isolate and determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile against isolates. A total of 50 wound and pus samples were collected from patients admitted in BMC Hospital, Quetta and processed in Pathobiology Laboratory of Center for Advance Studies of Vaccinology and Biotechnology (CASVAB) University of Baluchistan. All the samples were inoculated onto Brain Heart infusion (BHI), MacConkey agar, Cysteine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficien (CLED) and Blood agar and incubated at 37 oC, overnight. The suspected colonies were identified by gram stain and different biochemical tests and also confirmed by local made Quick Test Strip 12 (QTS 12). Among the total 50 samples 8 were found positive for Proteus mirabilis. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis against different antibiotic was evaluated by Kirby-Baur Method. Four different antibiotics were tested and ampicillin was found highly susceptible (75%), followed by Gentamicin (50%), Ceftazidime (40%) and ciprofloxacin (40%). This study shows the incidence of Proteus mirabilis in wound infection and best possible antimicrobial therapies against its infection.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Prevalence of Group D Streptococci or Enterococci Isolates and their Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern Isolated from Various Clinical Samples In Tertiary Care Hospital, at Saharsa, North Bihar

Prevalence of Group D Streptococci or Enterococci Isolates and their Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern Isolated from Various Clinical Samples In Tertiary Care Hospital, at Saharsa, North Bihar

Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Bacterial Isolates from Pus Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital of Kathmandu

Objectives: The main aim of the study was to isolate and identify the bacterial agent and to determine the susceptibility pattern of isolates to different antibiotics.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from February to October 2015 in microbiology laboratory of All Nepal Hospital Kathmandu, Nepal. The clinical specimens were processed for isolation and identification of bacteria following standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates were determined according to CLSI guidelines (CLSI 2014)Results: A total of 271 clinical specimens were processed where 164 (60.5%) showed growth positivity. A total 164 bacterial isolates were detected among which 84 (51.22%) were Gram positive 80 (48.78%) were Gram negative bacteria. Thirteen different species of bacteria were isolated. The most prevalent isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 53 (32.30%) followed by E. coli 34 (20.80%), (CoNS) 15 (9.10%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 15 (9.10%), Enterococcus fecalis 12(7.30%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10 (6.10%), Acinetobacter spp. 7 (4.30%) Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella oxytoca were less common. S. aureus was most susceptible to Amikacin. Vancomycin was the most effective drugs for Enterococcus fecalis. Among Gram negative bacteria E. coli was found most sensitive to Polymyxin B (100%) and Imipenem (76.5%) where Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to, Amikacin, Imipenem (80%). Polymyxin B was the most effective drugs for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Acinetobacter spp. was found highly resistant to different antibiotics.Conclusion: Antibiotic susceptibility evaluation showed Aminoglycosides, Phenicols Polymyxin, and Imipenem was the most effective drugs overall.