Sample Size Formula Research Articles

Students’ Perception and Use of Digital Resources in University of Africa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

The study investigated students’ perceptions and the use of digital resources at the University of Africa Bayelsa State. The study was guided by three research questions and two hypotheses. The researchers employed a descriptive survey design. The study comprised 1420 undergraduate students out of which 409 were randomly selected. The study's sample size was determined using the Taro Yamane sample size formula. The questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by educational technology experts. The data gathered from the study were analyzed to check for internal consistency of reliability and the Cronbach alpha value of 0.86 was obtained. Based on the coefficient obtained, the questionnaire was considered reliable. Data were analyzed using frequency count, and simple percentages, and Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 23 was used to generate the mean while the test of the hypotheses was done using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient and independent t-testat 0.05 significant levels. The findings revealed that the students had positive perceptions and a high level of usage of digital resources. The study also established that inadequate information retrieval skills, poor Internet connectivity, and lack of time to search for suitable resources were some of the challenges in the use of digital resources. Lastly, the test of the hypotheses showed, that there is a significant relationship between students’ perceptions and the use of digital resources in this study. Hence, the students’ positive perceptions influenced their level of digital resources usage.. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made.

The Role of Blood Groups in Health Anxiety, Marital Adjustment, and Quality of Life in Nurses

Background: This study aimed to determine the effect of blood groups on dyadic adjustment, quality of life, and health anxiety in nurses. Methods: In this causal-comparative research, 200 married nurses working in the health care centers of Iranshahr City were selected by simple random sampling using Cochran's sample size formula in 2019. Data were collected using Spinner's marital adjustment questionnaire, War and Sherborn's quality of life questionnaire, and Salkovskis' health anxiety inventory. Results: To investigate the difference among the groups, SPSS was applied, and multivariate and one-way analyses of variance were run. Among the subscales of dyadic adjustment, only the mean score of dyadic cohesion was higher in blood group A than in groups B and AB. Among the subscales of life quality, the mean score of affective role play was higher in blood group A than in groups B and AB, the mean score of social function was lower in blood group B than in blood group O, and the mean score of general health was higher in blood group A than in group B. However, the mean score of health anxiety was lower in blood group A than in blood group B. Conclusions: Given the relationship between health anxiety, marital compatibility, and quality of life with blood types among married nurses, the present study results can help increase people's awareness about at-risk blood types. As a result, vulnerable groups can be screened and trained to improve their lifestyles, healthy behavior, and environment to live a better life.

Relative likelihood ratios for neutral comparisons of statistical tests in simulation studies.

When comparing the performance of two or more competing tests, simulation studies commonly focus on statistical power. However, if the size of the tests being compared are either different from one another or from the nominal size, comparing tests based on power alone may be misleading. By analogy with diagnostic accuracy studies, we introduce relative positive and negative likelihood ratios to factor in both power and size in the comparison of multiple tests. We derive sample size formulas for a comparative simulation study. As an example, we compared the performance of six statistical tests for small-study effects in meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials: Begg's rank correlation, Egger's regression, Schwarzer's method for sparse data, the trim-and-fill method, the arcsine-Thompson test, and Lin and Chu's combined test. We illustrate that comparing power alone, or power adjusted or penalized for size, can be misleading, and how the proposed likelihood ratio approach enables accurate comparison of the trade-off between power and size between competingtests.

PENGARUH MOBILISASI CHEST TERHADAP PENINGKATAN EKSPANSI THORAKS PADA PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKTIF KRONIS DI BALAI BESAR KESEHATAN PARU MASYARAKAT MAKASSAR

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic disease characterized by productive cough, dyspnea and airway obstruction even though this disease is chronic and is a combination of emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthma, but in certain circumstances worsening of respiratory function occurs . In some circumstances, the worsening of COPD can lead to respiratory failure.Methods: This research is a pre-experimental study with a one group pretest-posttest research design using a purposive sampling technique, which aims to determine an increase in thoracic expansion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with a population of 16 people, a total sample of 15 people is obtained based on the sample size formula and meeting the inclusion criteria, each sample was given chest mobilization treatment.Results: The results showed that the average value of thoracic expansion before treatment was at the axilla point = 0.53, costa point 4-5 = 2.33 and point proc. xyphoideus = 4.47 using a measuring instrument, namely a measuring tape. Statistical results using the Wilcoxon test show that the p value for thoracic expansion at each point is p = 0.000 which is less than α = 0.05 (p<α) which means the working hypothesis is accepted.Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is by giving chest mobilization for 8 treatments can produce a significant effect on changes in thoracic expansion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in other words giving chest mobilization is more effective in increasing thoracic expansion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Keywords: Chest mobilization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, thoracic expansion

Risk Factors of Acute and Chronic Erythema Nodosum Leprosum in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya

Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection and is one of the neglected diseases caused by Mycobacterium leprae. ENL is a complex syndrome, that caused inflammation of the skin, nerves, and other organs due to an inflammatory immune response to Mycobacterium leprae antigens. Acute ENL was defined as the first episode of ENL with a duration of less than 24 weeks. Chronic ENL was defined as ENL that persisted for more than 24 weeks. These types of ENL can have different risk factors and require different therapeutic interventions. Purpose: The onset of ENL is acute, but may progress to a chronic or recurrent phase and require long-term therapy. Early detection of leprosy is very important, because the infection is curable and prompt treatment can reduce nerve damage and associated stigma. Chronic ENL patients require prolonged high doses of corticosteroids to control inflammation in ENL and cause severe complications and side effects associated with morbidity and mortality. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using a non-probability sampling technique consecutively using a casecontrol formula in leprosy patients with ENL in the Leprosy Division of the Outpatient Dermatology and Venereology Unit RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya for the period 2015 – 2020, using secondary data in the form of medical record data. Result: The results of this study obtained leprosy patients with ENL as many as 234 patients, 56 patients with acute ENL and 89 patients with chronic ENL. 45 patients with acute ENL and 45 patients with chronic ENL were obtained from the case-control minimal sample size formula. Conclusion: The results of the bivariate analysis test showed that there was a relationship between risk factors for coinfection and steroid therapy with the type of ENL. The presence of coinfection and steroid therapy showed that patients tend to be chronic ENL, conversely, in the absence of coinfection and without steroid therapy, patients tend to be acute ENL. The multivariate logistic regression analysis test showed a significant association between risk factors for ENL onset before MDT and the presence of coinfection with chronic ENL, whereas ENL onset after MDT and absence of coinfection were associated with acute ENL.

Prediction of nomophobia based on attachment styles with the mediating role of loneliness in adolescents

Aim: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the child's attitude towards parents on critical thinking with the mediating role of moral foundations. Method: in the form of a predictive correlation design, 404 people (girls and boys) from young people about to get married were selected by available sampling method and using Klein's sample size formula (formula 1 to 20). The research tool included standard questionnaires of child's attitude towards father (CAF) and mother (CAM), critical thinking (CTDI), moral foundations (MFQ-30). SPSS19 and Smart-PLS software were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that 30.4% of the changes in critical thinking are variables of the child's attitude towards the mother and the child's attitude towards the father (P<0.001). Also, the results related to the mediating role of moral foundations showed that the child's attitude towards parents through moral foundations does not have an indirect effect on critical thinking, respectively -0.005 (p=0.285) and -0.003 (p=0.214) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the child's attitude towards parents has an effect on the critical thinking of young people. Therefore, paying attention to these mechanisms can be useful in formulating effective preventive and therapeutic interventions for teenagers about to get married.

Assessment of 28-day survival of patients with sepsis based on vitamin D status: a hospital-based prospective cohort study in Indonesia.

sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the body´s response to an infection. Recent studies have demonstrated a correlation between low vitamin D status and high mortality in septic patients. This study aims to evaluate the vitamin D status of septic patients at Dr. Sardjito Hospital and describe 28-day survival with very low vitamin D levels (< 8.1 ng/mL). this prospective cohort study was conducted in the intensive care unit and internal medicine ward at Dr. Sardjito Hospital in septic patients admitted between December 2018 and October 2019. Vitamin D [25(OH)D] was prospectively measured within 24 hours of admission. Data collection used SPSS software for statistical analysis. In addition, the sample size was calculated using the sample size formula used in a comparative survival study intended to find the incidence rate in septic patients. The minimum sample for each group is 23 samples. sepsis-related mortality was higher in patients with low vitamin D. The analysis included 88 septic patients during the study period. The mean age was 56.09 ± 16.82 years and the proportion of males was 46.6%. 26 of 28 patients with vitamin D levels < 8.1 ng/mL died (92.6%), whereas 39 of 60 patients with vitamin D levels ≥ 8.1 ng/mL (65%) died. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that vitamin D concentrations < 8.1 ng/mL at admission (p=0.01) and sepsis shock (p=0.02) were associated with increased sepsis mortality. The hazard ratio of 28-day mortality was 1.95 (95% CI 1.15-3.29, p=0.01) for vitamin D levels < 8.1 ng/mL. The average survival was 9 days for patients with vitamin D levels < 8.1 ng/mL (median: 6 days) compared with 14 days for those with vitamin D levels ≥ 8.1 ng/mL (median: 10 days). low serum vitamin D levels (< 8.1ng/mL) at admission were associated with increased 28-day mortality in septic patients.

Big data and sustainable supply chain management of hypermarkets in Jordan: An experimental study using structural equation modeling approach

The objective of the study is to identify the impact of big data on sustainable supply chain management. The current research was conducted on hypermarkets in Jordan. Many of these hypermarket brands are widely scattered in Jordan, for instance, Carrefour, Kareem, Safeway and more. Accordingly, the target population in the current research was hypermarkets managers in Jordan as they are responsible for formulating such strategies in the companies they work for. A convenience sample was selected from the target population that included 770 managers based on the sample size formula. The study hypotheses were tested by covariance based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). The study results showed the impact of each big data dimension on sustainable supply chain management. Based on this result, the researchers recommend the hypermarkets in Jordan to use modern and diverse methods for accurate collection of reliable data and save it in organized ways, and to employ advanced programs to analyze it and extract information of high value.

Ethnicity and Motivations for Fulani Herders and Host Communities Aggression in Nigeria: Fulani Versus Indigenous People of Plateau State

This paper investigated how ethnicity affects the perceptions of what motivates the aggression between Fulani herders and the Plateau indigenous people of Nigeria. The research was conducted in four selected and most aggression-affected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Plateau State: Barkin Ladi, Bassa, Jos-South, and Riyom. The sample size of 400 was determined using Yamane Taro’s sample size formula. The study adopted a mixed method of quantitative (survey) and qualitative – Key informant Interviews (KII) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for data collection. Four hundred copies of the questionnaire were distributed, and seven KII and nine FGDs were conducted. The findings indicated that the Fulani and their host communities have different perceptions of the motivation for the aggression between them. The study found a relationship between ethnicity and four out of the five identified drivers of the attacks in Plateau State. This study recommended that the Plateau State government should return the displaced communities taken over by the Fulani herders to change the indigenous people’s perception that the aggression is not about land-grabbing, Fulanization, and Jihad. The Government should also arrest and prosecute cattle rustlers to stem the tide of the attacks in Plateau State.

Oral Morbidity Pattern and its Behavioural Determinants among Adults of Urban Slums of Siliguri, India

Introduction: Understanding oral health and not merely dental health are becoming priorities as mouth often offers first sign and symptoms of many localised and systemic diseases. Like any other urban slums, Siliguri slum peoples were also prone for many illnesses and oral health was a different concern as because offering areca nut with betel to guests was a common practice in that particular area. Aim: To find out oral morbidity pattern among study subjects and to ascertain few behavioural determinants of oral morbidity. Materials and Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was performed in slums of Siliguri city, West Bengal, India, from January 2017 to January 2019. As Siliguri is a large city with more than 5 lac population and 154 slums, cluster sampling was adopted to choose samples from each cluster slum. Total 210 samples were studied derived from World Health Organisation (WHO) sample size formula and applying principles of 30 cluster sampling and data regarding socio-demographic profile, behaviour details and clinical history and examination was collected via self-structured, pretested schedule. Results were analysed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software and was presented in frequency tables, Chi-square test was applied for testing statistical significance. Results: Out of 210 study subjects, 154 of them (73.3%) had any form of oral morbidities, 136 study subjects (64.8%) had dental morbidities. Bleeding was commonest symptom for 96 study subjects (62.3%). A total of 59 study subjects (28.1%) had irregular brushing habit and 132 subjects (62.9%) did not wash their mouth after each major meal. A total of 94 subjects (44.8%) had the habit of any form addiction. Conclusion: Adult slum dwellers of Siliguri reported a huge proportion of oral morbidities, majority of which was dental morbidities, irregular brushing habit, lack of mouth wash after meal and addiction were associated with oral morbidities.

THE MODERATING ROLE OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN SUPERMARKET CHAINS, IN KERICHO COUNTY

The stiff competition from both local and international players continues to cause unrest in the retail sector resulting to poor performance. This study sought to determine the moderating role of performance appraisal on affective commitment and employee performance in Supermarkets, in Kericho County. The study targeted 357 employees of all the Supermarkets in Kericho County. A sample size of 189 was determined using Yamane’s sample size formula and a stratified random sampling was utilized to select the actual respondents. Structured questionnaires were used to collect requisite data which were subjected to Hierarchical multiple regression for test of both direct and indirect effects of respective study variables. Study findings indicated that affective commitment (β = 0.975, p&lt;0.0001) had a significant and positive effect on employee performance as evidenced by R2 of 0.63. The study found that performance appraisal significantly moderated the relationship between affective commitment and employee performance by improving the predictive power of the regression model from 62.7% to 95.4%. Organizations should put in place a fair, sensible and reasonable performance appraisal system to enable high performance in view of the positive moderating effect on the relationship between affective commitment and employee performance.

Role of demographic variables in investigating occupational stress of disaster and emergency medical management center.

Emergency medical services face stressful environments such as departments dealing with injuries and sick patients that pose challenging situations for the healthcare staff. This present study investigates the role of demographic variables in investigating occupational stress of disaster and emergency medical management center in 2021. This present descriptive study selected a sample size of 200 medical personnel associated with disaster and emergency medical management center in Iran, according to the inclusion chosen criteria. The study used a tool consisting of two parts, including demographic information and a job stress Health and Safety Executive (HSE) standard questionnaire. The study selected respondents through Cochran's sample size formula using stratified random sampling with a cross-sectional research design for data collection. This present study has analyzed received data using performed the descriptive and inferential information (t-test and one-way ANOVA) at a significance level P < 0.05. The participants of the survey were males only. The study results specified that the mean age of respondents was 30.14 ± 5.96. The study results exhibited that the mean score of total occupational stress was 3.41 ± 0.26. The results showed the highest (4.34 ± 0.35) and the lowest (2.72 ± 0.86) stress levels were related to role dimensions. The study findings revealed a significant relationship between stress level and participants' age, marital status, educational level, type of base, workplace, and the number of work hours per month. Emergency medical personnel experience a high level of occupational stress. Senior managers can use similar studies to implement measures to reduce the experience of employees' stress.

Cognitive Adaptability and Sales Growth of Selected Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Lagos States, Nigeria

Stament of the Problem: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribute immensely to the development of any nation’s GDP, of which Nigeria is not exempt. However, the survival rate has become very low, and the reason for the high mortality rate has been attributed to the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity of the dynamic operating environment. Responding with strategic decisions to changing environmental factors is a function of how cognitively adaptable the decision-makers are. Objective: Hence, the study investigated the effect of cognitive adaptability and business survival on selected small-scale enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methodology: The study adopted a survey research design. and simple ransampling technique. . The study population was 42,067 owners/managers of the registered SMEs in Lagos State, Nigeria. The sample size was 770 respondents, and this was determined using the Cochran sample size formula. A structured, adapted and validated questionnaire was administered. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the construct ranged from 0.725 to 0.923. Data were analysed using the descriptive and inferential (Multiple linear and hierarchical regression) statistics Findings: The regression model indicates that if cognitive adaptability factors were held constant at zero, the sales growth of the selected Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria would be 8.479. In the predictive model it is seen that one of the variables of cognitive adaptability is insignificant, therefore the management of small and medium scale enterprises can downplay the variable that is why it is not included in the prescriptive model. From the analysis, the prescriptive models show that dimensions of cognitive adaptability (goal orientation, metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive control, and monitoring) except metacognitive experience have a significant effect on sales growth. This means that companies in the SMEs in Lagos State should pay close attention to the three components of cognitive adaptability in order to enhance sales growth. Conclusion: The study concluded that the owner and manager should take cognizance of cognitive adaptability, which is tutorial in nature, to enable them to acquire needed skills and plan their tasks creatively. Primarily to develop the capacity to respond with effective and strategic decisions that will aid their survival in the disruptive and dynamic business environment.

Self Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at The Internist Polyclinic of Ngudi Waluyo General Hospital Blitar Distric

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that can cause many complications. Some of the problems that can arise in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, one of the causes is low self-management behavior.This study aims to determine self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research is a descriptive study. The variable in this study was self-management in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This research was a descriptive study. The population in this study were all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who routinely exercised control at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic at Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi Hospital, Blitar Regency in December 2021, namely 156 people. The sample in this study based on the sample size formula was 112 people with a sampling technique, namely purposive sampling with regard to inclusion and exclusion criteria. This research was conducted from January to February 2022 at the Internal Medicine Clinic at Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi Hospital, Blitar Regency. Data collection in this study used general data instruments consisting of age, gender, routine control, level of education, and duration of DM. Specific data questionnaire using the SDMQ Questionnaire (Diabetes Self Management Questionnaire) which consists of 16 questions with several subdomains in it. The results of this study indicated that 69.6% (78 respondents) had good category of self-management and 30.4% (34 respondents) had sufficient category of respondents. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as a form of input for health workers, especially nurses, in carrying out their roles as educators and counselors to improve self-management in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to improve quality of life and prevent complications.

How Many Students and Items Are Optimal for Teaching Level Evaluation of College Teachers? Evidence from Generalizability Theory and Lagrange Multiplier

Budget and cost are two of the problems that cannot be ignored when conducting a measure study. Based on the application of generalizability theory, combined with Lagrange multiplier, this paper explores how many students and items are optimal for teaching level evaluation of college teachers under budget constraints to maintain the sustainable development of higher education. A total of 397 students are required to evaluate 10 teachers’ teaching level using the Teaching Level Evaluation Questionnaire for College Teachers, and we make different generalizability designs (i.e., (s:t) × i, (s:t) × (i:v) and (s:t) × (i:v) × o) for the collected data. The study unifies the Lagrange multiplier formula, derives the optimal sample size formula of different designs under budget constraints in generalizability theory, and calculates the optimal sample size for teaching level evaluation of college teachers in different designs with the estimated variance components. Results indicate that: (1) the unified formula of Lagrange multiplier has a stronger robustness and can be applied to different study designs under budget constraints in generalizability theory; (2) the occasion has a great effect on teaching level evaluation for college teachers; (3) the (s:t) × (i:v) × o design has a high efficiency in estimating the optimal sample size of teaching level evaluation for college teachers; (4) the design of (s:t) × (i:v) × o is the optimal generalizability design of teaching level evaluation for college teachers under budget constraints in generalizability theory; and (5) under budget constraints of teaching level evaluation for college teachers in generalizability theory, the optimal sample size of students is 31 for each teacher and the optimal sample size of items is 7 for each dimension.

An Analysis of Consumer Willingness to Pay for Sorghum-Pigeon Pea Flakes: A Case of Makueni and Busia Counties, Kenya

Purpose: The study seeks to determine the level of awareness and the highest amount consumers were willing to pay by positioning the novel product ready-to eat-cereals for breakfast Sorghum-pigeon pea processed from locally grown crop.&#x0D; Methodology: Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to assess consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for sorghum-pigeon pea flakes, which are Ready-to-Eat Cereals (RTEC). Three-stage sampling technique was used in selection of the two counties, and from each county three market places was identified. Glen sample size formula was used to obtain the total number of respondents, whereby a well semi-structured dichotomous questionnaire was used on 223 consumers from Makueni and Busia counties in Kenya. Double bounded logit model was employed in determining consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for SPPF.&#x0D; Findings: Results from the WTP assessment showed that consumers in both counties were willing to pay for the Sorghum-Pigeon Pea Flakes. The average WTP value in Busia and Makueni Counties was 140 and 136 Kenya Shillings, respectively. Further, nearly half of the respondents in both counties were aware of the ready-to-eat breakfast cereal SPPF for nutritional improvement. According to the findings of the double-bounded logit regression, being male, marital status, awareness of SPPF, and living in Busia County all positively influenced WTP for SPP. Having formal employment and household expenditure, on the other hand, had a negative impact on the WTP for SPPF.&#x0D; Recommendations: The study recommends nutritional training to raise awareness of the benefits of consuming SPP. Furthermore, policies should focus on raising awareness of the nutritional benefits of SPPF among families, particularly those in Makueni.

Parametric and nonparametric methods for confidence intervals and sample size planning for win probability in parallel-group randomized trials with Likert item and Likert scale data.

Data on the Likert scale are ubiquitous in medical research, including randomized trials. Statistical analysis of such data may be conducted using the means of raw scores or the rank information of the scores. In the context of parallel-group randomized trials, we quantify treatment effects by the probability that a subject in the treatment group has a better score than (or a win over) a subject in the control group. Asymptotic parametric and nonparametric confidence intervals for this win probability and associated sample size formulas are derived for studies with only follow-up scores, and those with both baseline and follow-up measurements. We assessed the performance of both the parametric and nonparametric approaches using simulation studies based on real studies with Likert item and Likert scale data. The simulation results demonstrate that even without baseline adjustment, the parametric methods did not perform well, in terms of bias, interval coverage percentage, balance of tail error, and assurance of achieving a pre-specified precision. In contrast, the nonparametric approach performed very well for both the unadjusted and adjusted win probability. We illustrate the methods with two examples: one using Likert item data and the other using Like scale data. We conclude that non-parametric methods are preferable for two-group randomization trials with Likert data. Illustrative SAS code for the nonparametric approach using existing procedures is provided.

Emotional Resilience and Employee Performance of Commercial Banks in South-East Nigeria

Purpose: This study examined emotional resilience and performance in commercial banks in South-East Nigeria as the broad objective and specifically examined the extent employee emotional literacy influence performance in commercial banks in South-East Nigeria. Research Methodology: A survey research design was chosen for the study. The population of the study consisted of 250 staff of 5 selected commercial banks in the studied area. The sample size used, as arrived by the use of Krejcie and Morgan sample size formula was 152. The instrument used for data collection was a Likert-structured questionnaire, which was subjected to both validity and reliability test. The data collected were analyzed through the use of a simple regression technique, and the hypothesis was tested at a 5% level of significance. Result: The result revealed that the correlation coefficient as represented by R is .915, signifying a 92% relationship between the variables while R-Square which represented the coefficient of the determination indicates that an 84% change in the performance of employees is accounted for by changes in employee emotional literacy. Limitation: The inferral powers of this study may be questioned as only a region in Nigeria was examined. Contribution: All the studies looked at empirically did not take cognizance of employee emotional literacy as a measure of employee resilience and none of the studies was carried out in southeast, Nigeria, hence, making this work fill an important gap that served as a contribution. Novelty: This study recognized that emotional literacy could be used to measure employee resilience and thus, represents something new within the context of the research area. Keywords: 1. Emotional Resilience 2. Employee Emotional Literacy 3. Performance 4. Commercial Banks 5. South-East Nigeria

Hubungan Golongan Darah ABO dengan Daya Tahan Kardiovaskular pada anak usia 6-15 tahun

Background:Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in Indonesia. Blood type can also affect the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Heart disease research is commonly found in the population of the 15-24 year age group. Not much research done at the age below. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship of blood type to cardiovascular endurance. This study is expected to detect early risk factors for cardiovascular disease by examination of Harvard step test (HST) in children aged less than 15 years to prevent the occurrence of cases of cardiovascular disease in the productive age.Methods:The researchdesign used was observational research with cross sectional. Respondents consisted of 80 respondents from the State Elementary School (SDN) 01 Cempaka Putih Barat and 53 respondents State Junior High School (SMPN) 137 Cempaka Putih Barat aged 6-15 years. Sample determination with proportional stratified random sampling and using Slovin formula for sample size. Blood type data were taken using serum. Cardiovascular endurance check is performed by the HST method. Data were analyzed by Chi square statistic test using SPSS applicationResult: Bivariate test with Chi square statistic test obtained p value = 0.69 (&gt; 0.05). The research hypothesis was rejected, so based on statistical test showed that there was no correlation of blood group with cardiovascular enduranceConclusion: Cardiovascular endurance is not affected by blood type.

Customers` Service Skills and Customers Loyalty: Evidence from Selected Deposit Money Banks

The study examines the impact of customers’ service skills on deposit money banks’ customer loyalty in the Abeokuta metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study specifically examines the effect of problem-solving, verbal and non-verbal communication skills on customers’ loyalty. A survey research design was adopted for the study with an infinite population from three leading deposit money banks. A sample size of 384 was determined using Cochran’s (1977) sample size formula, and the convenient sampling technique was used to select 128 respondents from the designated banks. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from the respondents, which was analysed using descriptive statistics and Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM). The result revealed that problem-solving skills and verbal communication skills had a significant effect on customer loyalty. Non-verbal communication skills had an insignificant effect on customer loyalty. The study concluded that customer service skills significantly influenced banks’ customer loyalty. It was recommended that the banks’ management intensify effort towards building customers’ trust, train staff on how to deal with different customer types and ensure they are committed to doing whatever it takes to satisfy customers.