Sample Of Young People Research Articles

The prevalence of wordings on Adverse Childhood Experiences in child welfare assessments in a sample of young people in secure institutional care

ABSTRACT In Sweden, young people with behaviours considered norm-breaking and destructive by society are placed in secure institutional care. While these young people’s behaviour is frequently debated, there is little knowledge about their family and home conditions. This study aims to identify writings (i.e. wordings, sentences, etc.) referring to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in child welfare assessments of a sample (n = 84) of young people placed in secure institutional care. The documentation was analysed by applying manifest quantitative content analysis using ACEs established in previous research as deductive categories. In addition, wordings related to the legal grounds for placement were also identified. The analysis shows that the burden of child abuse and household dysfunction is large in the sample. Compared to population-based prevalence studies, the current study presents much higher numbers, with almost 90% of the cases containing writings with reference to at least one ACE category and 38–50% referring to four or more. The findings constitute an important contribution to research on young people in secure care, by adding knowledge about adversity during childhood as a crucial part of these young people’s needs and challenges.

Ценностные ориентации в семье: социально-психологический анализ

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective</strong>. Socio-psychological analysis of value orientations in the main subsystems of the modern family (marital, parent-child, sibling). <br><strong>Background</strong>. The scientific literature notes methodological heterogeneity in the study of intra-family values with the actual request of practice to determine the consistency of value orientations in various subsystems of the family. This becomes especially relevant in the modern historical situation for a deeper understanding of the processes of value-semantic integration and differentiation within the family. <br><strong>Study design.</strong> The differences in actual and reflexive values in the dyads of married couples, parents and children, and siblings were investigated. The validity of differences was tested using statistical criteria for comparing mean (Student, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney). To analyze pairwise similarity, correlations of value profiles (po-Spearman, r-Pearson), indices of value-orientation congruence in actual (VOC-A) and reflective (VOC-R) assessments were calculated. <br><strong>Participants</strong>. The study included 4 samples: married couples (<em>n</em> = 58 couples), college youth (<em>n</em> = 193; 44,6% males; 55,4% females), 3 generations of women from the same family (<em>n</em> = 20 triads), and respondents with a sibling (<em>n</em> = 63; 38% males; 62% females). <br><strong>Measurements</strong>. The method “Value orientations-36” (modification of Sh. Schwartz's method) (Kunitsyna, 2005). In the sample of couples and three generations of women actual values were measured. In the sample of young people and respondents with siblings − actual (answers for themselves) and reflexive (young people answered for their mothers, and respondents for their siblings). Adapted PEA questionnaire (Volkova, 2006) to assess the quality of relationships in couples and siblings. <br><strong>Results.</strong> The specificity of value orientations in family subsystems (marital, parent-child, sibling) was revealed. Thus, the differences in family couples reflect the persisting social perception of the division of marital roles: men value independence and self-assertion more, and women value interpersonal relations. Differences in children's actual and reflexive evaluations testify to the selective intergenerational continuity of value orientations in the family. In the three-generation sample, it was found that the dyads of mothers and daughters are closer to each other in terms of value profiles than grandmothers and granddaughters; the dyads of older and middle-generation women are most similar to each other. The values of value-orientation unity in the dyad are higher with higher satisfaction with the child's upbringing. Differences in the values of siblings are related to the values of achievement and ethical and aesthetic orientation. Profile correlations show the similarity of the general structure of values in all subsystems. The indices VOC-A and VOC-R express the degree of value integration in family dyads and are similar in content to the intercorrelations of individual value hierarchies. <br><strong>Conclusions</strong>. In vertical (parent-child) and horizontal (marital and sibling) dyads, the similarity of value orientations is quite high. Comparison of the profiles of family dyads from unrelated samples allows us to speak about the general consistency and selective continuity of value orientations in the modern Russian family. The general orientation of value orientations of spouses, parents and children, and siblings is characterized, on the one hand, by a high importance of family values (in such aspects as the safety of relatives and trustworthiness of interpersonal relations), and, on the other hand, by a pronounced focus on independence and achievement. This configuration can be a source of contradictions and disunity of family members. At the same time, intergenerational and intragenerational cohesion is supported by the continuity of values of moral orientation and normative behavior, with no differences in all dyads.</p>

Intensity of Physical Activity in Young People: Focus on Emotional, Cognitive, and Healthy Lifestyle-Related Variables.

The college years represent a crucial developmental period in which unhealthy behaviors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, inadequate physical activity (PA), poor sleep quality, and unhealthy nutrition habits are often acquired, influencing the onset or exacerbation of pre-existing mental disturbances such as anxiety, depression, or difficulties in emotion regulation. Our aim was to analyze the effect of the intensity of physical activity (PA) on the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive variables in a sample of young people. We recruited 103 participants (19.85 ± 0.25) who completed several online questionnaires (IPAQ-SF, STAI-t, DERS, UPPS-P, ISP-20, and Mini-IPIP). Subsequently, face-to-face sessions were conducted to assess the cognitive variables and to collect more details about their lifestyle habits, including drug use, sleep quality, and leisure activities. Based on the IPAQ-SF results, we categorized the sample into three groups: light PA (n = 47), moderate PA (n = 29), and vigorous PA (n = 27). Vigorous PA group showed better emotional regulation, lower impulsivity, fewer prefrontal symptoms and unhealthy behaviors, better sleep quality, and more leisure activities. No significant cognitive differences were found. It seems that young people are a vulnerable group with emotional and impulsivity traits and engaging in intense PA appears to be a promising avenue for managing these symptoms. In conclusion, our study suggests that young people are a vulnerable group with emotional and impulsivity traits that may precipitate in future mental disorders. Nevertheless, engaging in PA, particularly at high intensity, appears to be a promising avenue for reducing and managing these symptoms during this critical period of life.

Food insecurity and unemployment as mediators of the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and psychological well-being in young South Africans with HIV

BackgroundPoor psychological well-being, including depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem, is both prevalent among young South Africans living with HIV and associated with poor HIV clinical outcomes. By impacting food insecurity and employment, the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced psychological well-being in this population. This analysis sought to examine whether food insecurity and unemployment mediated the relationship between study cohort (pre- versus during-pandemic) and psychological well-being in our sample of young South Africans living with HIV.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis comparing baseline data from two cohorts of young South Africans ages 18–24 from the Cape Town and East London metro areas who tested positive for HIV at clinics (or mobile clinics) either before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. Baseline sociodemographic, economic, and psychological outcomes were analyzed through a series of bivariate logistic regression and mediation analyses. All data were analyzed in 2023 and 2024.ResultsReported food anxiety, insufficient food quality, and insufficient food quantity were lower in the cohort recruited during the COVID-19 pandemic than those recruited before the pandemic (p < 0.001). Higher levels of food insecurity predicted higher depressive and anxiety symptoms and lower self-esteem. Food anxiety, insufficient food quality, and insufficient food quantity, but not unemployment, mediated the relationship between study cohort and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and self-esteem.ConclusionFood insecurity may have decreased amongst our sample of young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings build on our understanding of how the psychological well-being of young people living with HIV was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and may lend support to interventions targeting food insecurity to improve psychological well-being in this population.

Unhealthy habits and comorbidities associated with uncontrolled asthma in young people

Introduction Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airways that affects more than 260 million people worldwide and has been related to more than 460,000 deaths a year. It is estimated that in 60% of asthma cases, the symptoms are not adequately controlled. The objective of this study was to determine the association between some comorbidities, habits, and health risk behaviors with uncontrolled asthma in a sample of young people with asthma. Methods Through a cross-sectional study, data from 1,078 young people aged 17 to 19 years were analyzed. Information was collected through physical examination, direct questioning, and the application of a self-administered questionnaire. Results In the group of young people with asthma, the prevalence of uncontrolled asthma was 20.6%, of which 53.8% were women, 76.9% suffered from rhinitis, 46.2% were overweight and 23.1% were obese. In the group of young with uncontrolled asthma, gingivitis was detected in 53.8% and alcohol consumption in 84.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between allergic rhinitis, gingivitis, carbohydrate intake, alcohol consumption, overweight, and obesity with uncontrolled asthma. Conclusions Parents and members of the health team need to identify on time the risk factors associated with uncontrolled asthma in young people with asthma to limit its development and the negative effects it generates. The results of this study should be used to strengthen programs that promote the comprehensive health of adolescents.

The COVID-19 pandemic, food insecurity, and psychosocial well-being in young South Africans newly diagnosed with HIV: a mediation analysis.

Poor psychological well-being, including depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem, is both prevalent among young South Africans living with HIV and associated with poor HIV clinical outcomes. By impacting food insecurity and employment, the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced psychological well-being in this population. This analysis sought to examine whether food insecurity and unemployment mediated the relationship between study cohort (pre- versus during-pandemic) and psychological well-being in our sample of young South Africans living with HIV. This was a secondary analysis comparing baseline data from two cohorts of young South Africans ages 18-24 from the Cape Town and East London metro areas who tested positive for HIV at clinics (or mobile clinics) either before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. Baseline sociodemographic, economic, and psychological outcomes were analyzed through a series of bivariate logistic regression and mediation analyses. All data were analyzed in 2023 and 2024. Reported food anxiety, insufficient food quality, and insufficient food quantity were lower in the cohort recruited during the COVID-19 pandemic than those recruited before the pandemic (p<0.001). Higher levels of food insecurity predicted higher depressive and anxiety symptoms and lower self-esteem. Food anxiety, insufficient food quality, and insufficient food quality, but not unemployment, mediated the relationship between study cohort and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and self-esteem. Food insecurity may have decreased amongst our sample of young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings build on our understanding of how the psychological well-being of young people living with HIV was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and may lend support to interventions targeting food insecurity to improve psychological well-being in this population.

Persistent negative symptoms in young people at clinical high risk of psychosis treated with an Italian early intervention program: a longitudinal study

Negative symptoms in CHR-P people are generally not responsive to treatments and commonly related to poorer functional outcome. However, less research attention has been dedicated to Persistent Negative Symptoms (PNS), defined as clinically stable negative symptoms of moderate severity evident for at least 6 months. This study aims to (a) determine the prevalence of PNS in a sample of young people at CHR-P; (b) investigate any association of PNS with functioning and clinical features; (c) examine longitudinal course of PNS across 2 years of follow-up and changes in PNS severity levels with specialized treatments. One Hundred Eighty CHR-P participants were recruited and were divided into CHR-P/PNS + and CHR-P/PNS− subgroups. The clinical assessments were based on the PANSS and the GAF and were conducted at baseline and every 12 months during the follow-up. Twenty four participants showed PNS at entry. Of them, 21 concluded the 2-year follow-up period. At baseline, the CHR-P/PNS + participants showed more educational and employment deficits, and more social and functioning impairment. During the follow-up, the CHR-P/PNS + subgroup had a significant longitudinal decrease in negative symptoms, which was specifically related to antidepressant treatment. CHR-P/PNS + subjects also showed a higher incidence of new hospitalization and a lower functional recovery over time. Our findings support that the persistence of negative symptoms in CHR-P people is longitudinally related to worse daily functioning and more severe clinical conditions that are at higher risk of hospitalization and are less responsive to specialized treatments.

Measuring susceptibility to use tobacco in an increasingly complex consumer marketplace: How many questions do we really need?

Predicting which young people are likely to use tobacco in the future is critical for prevention and intervention. Although measures for assessing susceptibility to using tobacco have fulfilled this goal for decades, there is almost no standard for the number of items that should be administered, or which items should be administered for which products. This study explored whether brief but psychometrically sound versions of commonly used susceptibility measures can adequately capture the construct relative to longer measures. A sample of young people (N = 451; Mage = 16.5 years; 64% females; 65% White) completed 33 susceptibility items, which are designed to assess susceptibility to use different types of tobacco products (cigarette, smokeless tobacco, vaping products, and little cigars/cigarillos) of various flavors (tobacco, menthol, and sweet). Analysis of these 33 items indicated that asking about the likelihood of using each tobacco product class when a best friend offers it (four items in all) captures 98.5% of information that is captured using the longer set of items; asking the best friend question for each product by each flavor category (11 items in all) captures 99.7% of the information. Depending on research needs, tobacco use susceptibility can be measured with little loss of information by administering a limited set of items assessing the likelihood that a young person will use a tobacco product if a friend offers it for any product-flavor combination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Bridging the gap: improving correspondence between low-field and high-field magnetic resonance images in young people.

Portable low-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems represent a promising alternative to traditional high-field-strength systems with the potential to make MR technology available at scale in low-resource settings. However, lower image quality and resolution may limit the research and clinical potential of these devices. We tested two super-resolution methods to enhance image quality in a low-field MR system and compared their correspondence with images acquired from a high-field system in a sample of young people. T1- and T2-weighted structural MR images were obtained from a low-field (64mT) Hyperfine and high-field (3T) Siemens system in N = 70 individuals (mean age = 20.39 years, range 9-26 years). We tested two super-resolution approaches to improve image correspondence between images acquired at high- and low-field: (1) processing via a convolutional neural network ('SynthSR'), and (2) multi-orientation image averaging. We extracted brain region volumes, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area estimates. We used Pearson correlations to test the correspondence between these measures, and Steiger Z tests to compare the difference in correspondence between standard imaging and super-resolution approaches. Single pairs of T1- and T2-weighted images acquired at low field showed high correspondence to high-field-strength images for estimates of total intracranial volume, surface area cortical volume, subcortical volume, and total brain volume (r range = 0.60-0.88). Correspondence was lower for cerebral white matter volume (r = 0.32, p = 0.007, q = 0.009) and non-significant for mean cortical thickness (r = -0.05, p = 0.664, q = 0.664). Processing images with SynthSR yielded significant improvements in correspondence for total brain volume, white matter volume, total surface area, subcortical volume, cortical volume, and total intracranial volume (r range = 0.85-0.97), with the exception of global mean cortical thickness (r = 0.14). An alternative multi-orientation image averaging approach improved correspondence for cerebral white matter and total brain volume. Processing with SynthSR also significantly improved correspondence across widespread regions for estimates of cortical volume, surface area and subcortical volume, as well as within isolated prefrontal and temporal regions for estimates of cortical thickness. Applying super-resolution approaches to low-field imaging improves regional brain volume and surface area accuracy in young people. Finer-scale brain measurements, such as cortical thickness, remain challenging with the limited resolution of low-field systems.

Is childhood trauma screening distressing? Preliminary findings from two culturally different samples of young people

Recognizing trauma and its impacts is crucial for correct diagnosis and proper interventions and for researching mental health. However, there are ongoing concerns about the safety of asking about trauma in research and clinical settings. This study investigated the levels of distress related to trauma screening. We analyzed survey data from two samples of young adults (N = 781 Chinese speakers and N = 283 English speakers) in which most participants (82.2 % to 90.1 %) were exposed to childhood trauma. Most participants reported either no distress or only a minimal level of distress (60.7 % to 68 %) after answering standardized questions about childhood trauma; 3.5 % to 4 % reported a considerable or great level of distress. Childhood trauma (β = 0.276 to 0.368, p < .001) and PTSD symptoms (β = 0.228 to 0.255, p < .001) were associated with the levels of distress. The findings are consistent across two samples with different cultural and language backgrounds. Although most participants were comfortable with trauma screening, 53.7 % of participants in Sample 1 reported that it would be difficult for them if they needed to recount their traumatic experiences. We provide preliminary yet up-to-date data showing that screening for childhood trauma is rarely associated with considerable levels of immediate distress. Researchers and service providers can have confidence in screening for childhood trauma, although it is still essential to implement measures that minimize potential risks. We discuss the need for future studies and the importance of developing interventions that can serve as alternatives to trauma-focused therapies.

ВОЗРАСТНЫКЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА У НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КУЗБАССА

Significance. Studying prevalence of behavioral risk factors, especially at the population level, is extremely relevant for public health and disease prevention. However, it is clear that prevention programs require different approaches for different age groups. The purpose of the study is to analyze age-specifics of behavioral risk factors in the population of Kuzbass. Material and methods. The study sample was formed based on the results of two epidemiological studies conducted in the Kemerovo region. Primary monitoring was carried out in 2015-2017 among 1270 men and women aged 35-70 (random sample). The sample of young people was formed based on the study of individual and contextual conditions for developing behavioral risk factors among students at the Institute of Food Science and Technologies of the Kemerovo State University. The study was conducted in 2022 among 626 students; a non-random sampling method was used to form the sample. Data on smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity were collected through interviews. The level of physical activity in the adult sample was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and in the sample of people aged 18-29 - using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Statistical calculations were performed in SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp. USA). The critical level of statistical significance was taken to be 0.05. Results. The proportion of young people who smoked equaled to 35.1% and was 2.4 time higher than the proportion of smokers aged 60 and older, and 1.4 time higher than those aged 40-59 (p &lt;0.001). Respondents aged 40-59 most often gave up smoking (23.2%, p&lt;0.001). People in the middle and older age groups smoked exclusively traditional cigarettes (99.1% and 100.0%, respectively); while among young people, this figure was only 37.8%. The majority of young people preferred to use electronic cigarettes (68.4%), while people aged 40-59 only mentioned them as an option in 6.5% of cases. Persons aged 18-29 were 1.2 times more likely to consume alcohol on a regular basis than respondents aged 40-59 and 2.1 times more likely than people aged 60 and older. Episodic alcohol consumption, as well as complete abstinence was typical of persons aged 60 and older. In the age group of 18-29 years, 75.9% of those surveyed drank beer; in the group of 40-59 years, this figure decreased 1.2 times, while in the group of 60+ it decreased 1.9 times (p&lt;0.001). Wine consumption had a similar trend: with age there was a decrease of 1.4 times and 1.6 times, respectively. The average MET/week was higher in the age group of 40-59 years and exceeded that in people aged 60 and older 1.4 times, and in people 18-29 years - 1.7 times (p&lt;0.001). The share of working physical activity is also higher in people of the middle and older age groups. Transport and recreational physical activity is more typical of respondents aged 18-29. Conclusion. Behavioral risk factors (tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity patterns) have a number of age and gender characteristics that should be taken into account to ensure successful disease prevention. Scope of application. Preventive medicine.

Взаимосвязь ответственности и самоактуализации у современной молодежи

&lt;p&gt;Currently, the number and level of complexity of problem situations in which a person must make decisions and be responsible for the process of their implementation and consequences is increasing. The current situation requires an answer to the question about the essence of responsibility, about its acceptance and its relationship with the self-actualization of the individual. These indicators are especially important for the younger generation, since youth is one of the main resources of society. Thanks to the possibilities of the Internet, the availability of information in our time, young people are actively involved in politics, economics, science, and also successfully realize themselves in other areas. This work is aimed at revealing the concept of &amp;ldquo;self-actualization&amp;rdquo; from the point of view of humanistic psychology and activity theory. The materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of young people in the city of Smolensk are presented. The study (N=50) involved respondents aged 20 to 35, of which 46% were male and 54% were female. The technique &amp;ldquo;Short scale of measurement of self-actualization&amp;rdquo; (Jones and Crandall) was used, and the test of V.P. Pryadein &amp;ldquo;Express-diagnostics of responsibility (ED)&amp;rdquo;. The results obtained make it possible to say that there is a relationship between self-actualization and the level of responsibility among today's youth. It is assumed that it is creative thinking and acceptance of responsibility that help a person to actualize his abilities, reveal and most fully realize his potential in the interests of personal and social growth.&lt;/p&gt;

The effect of an educational animation on knowledge of testicular health and fertility of adolescents.

Does the provision of an educational animation, developed with young people, about testicular health and fertility impact the knowledge of these topics among adolescents? The development and provision of education on testicular health and fertility were welcomed by adolescents and associated with a significant increase in knowledge. Young people may know less than they should about testicular health and male fertility topics. Lack of knowledge can have implications for health including late medical help-seeking for signs and symptoms of scrotal disorders, such as torsion, for which late presentation frequently results in testicular damage. A mixed methods experimental pre- and post-design was used with embedded qualitative data collection. High school students completed a pre-animation questionnaire, watched four animations on testicular health and fertility, and completed a post-animation questionnaire. Data were collected during Personal Social and Health Education lessons across a 2-week period. Four animations on testicular health and fertility, informed by andrologists, academics, designers, boys, and young men, were developed. Eligible participants were boys and girls in the UK school years 8 and 9 (age 13-14 years). Participants completed a Time 1 (T1) survey (fertility knowledge, demographics) prior to watching the animations and a Time 2 (T2) survey (fertility knowledge, perceptions of the animations) immediately after the animations. Perceptions were rated on 10-point response scales (higher scores better). Participants additionally expressed in their own words positive and negative aspects of the animations. ANOVA was used to examine the effects of the animations using a 2 (time: T1, T2)×2 (gender: male, female) design on topic knowledge, perceived importance, usefulness, and style of the animations according to gender. Regression analysis examined the associations between gender, disability, class year, and knowledge at T2 while controlling for knowledge at T1. Qualitative data on perceptions of the animations were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results showed that the animations significantly increased testicular health and fertility-related knowledge from T1 (x̄=41.84 ± 24.72) to T2 (x̄=79.15, ±15.04). Boys had significantly higher levels of knowledge compared to girls at T1 (x̄=44.74, SD = 25.16 versus x̄=37.79 ± 23.49, respectively) and T2 (x̄=80.07, SD = 15.68 versus x̄=77.89 ± 14.30, respectively) but knowledge gain from T1 to T2 was not significantly different according to gender (P = 0.11) as shown by non-significant gender×time interaction. There were no significant gender differences in the perceived usefulness and importance of the animations or liking of the style of the animations, with both genders considering the animations as useful, important, and likable. Regression analysis showed only knowledge at T1 to be significantly associated with knowledge at T2. Qualitative data showed three main themes: accessibility of important and useful information; information engagement and help-seeking behaviour; and inclusivity of information. This was a pre- and post-study with a sample of young people from a selected educational institution without a control group. Only short-term effects of the animations were recorded. Adolescents are interested in and learn from the provision of engaging fertility-related information. Boys and men should be considered as being a relevant target population for fertility education, not just girls and women. This research was carried out in partnership with the British Fertility Society, was financially supported by an Economic and Social Research Council Impact Acceleration Award (520792) and commercial sponsorship from iMediCare Ltd, Bayer AG, Merck Group, Cryos International given to the British Fertility Society, and a financial contribution from Orchid Cancer Appeal. The authors are fully responsible for the content of the animations and this manuscript, and the views and opinions described in the publication reflect solely those of the authors. J.B. reports a grant from Merck Serono Ltd outside the submitted work. C.H., G.G., A.D., E.B., U.G., M.L, B.W., and M.H. declare no conflict of interest. K.M. reports honoraria from Bayer and Merck. A.P. reports paid consultancy for Cryos International, Cytoswim Ltd, Exceed Health, and Merck Serono in the last 2 years, but all monies have been paid to the University of Sheffield. N/A.

Experiencing social tension in Ukrainian society: a diagnostic instrument

Introduction. Social tension is a condition that develops in a society as a result of an uncertain situation that changes the usual and comfortable life of people and has a real or imagined restrictive or threatening character. Experiencing social tension is an important factor in the social activity of individuals and social forces that are aimed at improving the current situation and harmonizing relations in society. The aim of the study was to develop a psychodiagnostic instrument for measuring the level of experiencing social tension in Ukrainian society. Methods. The Social Tension in Society (T. Mykhno, O. Savchenko) was proposed and the necessary measures were taken to check its validity, reliability and statements discrimination. To check convergent validity, standardized questionnaires "Personal Resources" (O. Savchenko, S. Sukach) and "Stability of Mental Health - Short Form (MHC-SF-UA)" (E. Nosenko, A. Chetveryk-Burchak) were used. Results. Psychological markers of social tension in society were determined. The validity of the scales for measuring experiences, high reliability-consistency and statements discrimination of the instrument were confirmed. The instrument scales standardization was conducted on a sample of young people (N=129) and its test norms were formed according to the stanine scale. Conclusions. The Social Tension in Society is a pilot project and the validation of its scales is well underway. It is planned to conduct a reliability-stability check according to the test-retest scheme and to form test norms for different age groups.

Vulnerability to Suicide Ideation: Comparative Study between Adolescents with and without Psychosocial Risk.

Adolescents are characterized as a risk group for suicide, being the fourth leading cause of death in young people. The main aim was to compare vulnerability to suicidal ideation in a sample of young people with and without psychosocial risk. The total sample consisted of 137 adolescents, aged between 10 and 19 years (M = 14.76; SD = 1.40), and it was composed of two groups-the psychosocial risk group (n = 60) and general population group (n = 77). In both groups, suicidal ideation correlated positively with negative events and negatively with self-esteem and social support satisfaction. When comparing the two groups, the psychosocial risk group presented significantly higher mean values of negative life events (mainly separations/losses and physical and sexual abuse) and significantly lower mean values of satisfaction with social support (particularly with family and social activities). It was also found that, in the psychosocial risk group, negative life events were the only significant predictors of suicidal ideation. This study allowed identifying the role of risk and protective factors in suicidal ideation, according to the psychosocial risk of adolescents. The practical implications of the findings on adolescents' mental health and the promotion of their well-being are discussed.

Адаптация опросника моральной идентичности на российской выборке

&lt;p&gt;The relevance of the study is determined by the activation of malevolent creativity and the consequences of its implementation in behavior in the form of information wars, fraud and terrorism against the background of a special military operation in Ukraine. In a threatening socio-political context, the role of morality as a regulator of behavior is important. Foreign studies show that the relationship between morality and behavior is not unambiguous, and the research results contradict each other. In many ways, such discrepancies are associated with the use of tools that are not suitable for identifying the connection of morality with behavior. The article presents the results of adaptation of the Russian version of the questionnaire "Moral Identity" (K. Aquino, A. Reed). The advantage of this questionnaire is that the authors used it to show the connection between the importance for a person of moral identity and moral behavior in everyday life. The two-factor structure of the translated version corresponds to the original version and includes the following sections: "Internalization" and "Symbolization". The stability of the factor structure of the questionnaire was confirmed in a sample of young people (N=303, cf. age 19, SD = 2.03; 144 of them were girls). With the help of the questionnaire "Justice-Care" (V.S.Molchanov) and the scale of self-respect (M.Rosenberg) conducted an assessment of the constructive and disqualified validity (respectively). The results obtained are consistent with the results of the authors of the original version and serve as confirmation of the difference between the construct of moral identity from those constructs with which discriminant and constructive validity was checked. The analysis of retest reliability (N=80) revealed modest but significant correlations, which is consistent with the position of the authors of the original version about the instability and situativeness of moral identity. Additional studies of constructive validity using aggression questionnaires (BRAQ-24), Conscientiousness and Cooperation scales ("NEO-FFI"), tolerance scales as traits (G.U.Soldatova et al.) on the sample (N=158) revealed positive correlations of scales with the traits of the Big Five and negative associations with aggression. Hypotheses are formulated for further research, according to which the stability of moral identity in different contexts can be determined by the traits of the Big Five and tolerance. According to the results of the adaptation, the translated version of the questionnaire can be used for research purposes and in assessing, monitoring and correcting the moral and psychological state of older adolescents and young people.&lt;/p&gt;

The Impact of a Mental Health Game (eQuoo) on the Resilience of Young Adults: A Case Series Study

Background: mHealth apps are showing promise as an accessible means to improve mental health and wellbeing. However, there is limited evidence for their efficacy, particularly in periods after their initial usage, and in non-Western cultures. Objective: In this study, we explored the impact of eQuoo, an emotional fitness application which gamifies self-reflection and learning, in terms of its ability to build resilience in a sample of young people in Vietnam. Materials and Methods: Individuals (n = 264, M = 25.65 years, SD = 4.84; 52% female) completed self-reports consisting of three different measures of resilience (the Rugged Resilience Measure, Adult Resilience Measure, Brief Resilience Scale). Assessments were taken at the start and end of a five-week use period, and also three months after baseline. Results: Comparison tests indicated various improvements in resilience between baseline and five weeks and at three months, depending on the subgroup of participants (whether male or female or younger or older), as well as in terms of the way resilience was operationalised (e.g., ability to ‘bounce back’ or the protective factors associated with managing adversity). Conclusion: The study indicates that eQuoo can build resilience and can therefore provide a convenient means of supporting the mental health and wellbeing of young adults.

Emotion dysregulation in young people with borderline personality disorder: One pattern or distinct subgroups?

Emotion dysregulation is a key feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Given the heterogeneity of BPD and emotion regulation, this study sought to define subgroups among a sample of young people with BPD based on their pattern of emotion regulation abilities. Baseline data from the Monitoring Outcomes of BPD in Youth (MOBY) clinical trial were used, in which 137 young people (Mage = 19.1, SDage = 2.8; 81% female) completed the self-report Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), as a measure of emotion regulation abilities. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify subgroups, based upon response patterns on the six DERS subscales. Subsequent analysis of variance and logistic regression models were used to characterize the identified subgroups. LPA revealed three subgroups. A "low and unaware" (n = 22) subgroup, reporting the least emotion dysregulation, apart from high emotional unawareness. A "moderate and accepting" subgroup (n = 59), reporting high emotional acceptance within its own pattern, and moderate emotion dysregulation compared with the other subgroups. A "high and aware" subgroup (n = 56), reporting the highest level of emotion dysregulation, but with high emotional awareness. Some demographic, psychopathology, and functioning characteristics were associated with subgroup membership. The identification of distinct subgroups highlights the importance of considering the level of emotional awareness in the context of other regulatory abilities and suggests that therapies should not take a "one-size-fits-all" approach to emotion dysregulation. Future research should seek to replicate the identified subgroups given the relatively small sample size in the current study. In addition, examining the stability of subgroup membership and the influence upon treatment outcome will be interesting avenues for further exploration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Probing apathy in children and adolescents with the Apathy Motivation Index–Child version

Apathy is linked to mental health and altered neurocognitive functions such as learning and decision-making in healthy adults. Mental health problems typically begin to emerge during adolescence, yet little is known about how apathy develops due to an absence of quantitative measurements specific to young people. Here, we present and evaluate the Apathy Motivation Index–Child Version (AMI-CV) for children and adolescents. We show across two samples of young people (aged 8 to 17 years, total N = 191) tested in schools in the UK and on a smartphone app, that the AMI-CV is a short, psychometrically sound measure to assess levels of apathy and motivation in young people. Similar to adult versions, the AMI-CV captures three distinct apathy domains: Behavioural Activation, Social Motivation and Emotional Sensitivity. The AMI-CV showed excellent construct validity with an alternative measure of apathy and external validity replicating specific links with related mental health traits shown in adults. Our results provide a short measure of self-reported apathy in young people that enables research into apathy development. The AMI-CV can be used in conjunction with the adult version to investigate the impact of levels of apathy across the lifespan.

Acceptability and Potential Impact of the #chatsafe Suicide Postvention Response Among Young People Who Have Been Exposed to Suicide: Pilot Study.

Young people are more likely to be affected by suicide contagion, and there are concerns about the role social media plays in the development and maintenance of suicide clusters or in facilitating imitative suicidal behavior. However, social media also presents an opportunity to provide real-time and age-appropriate suicide prevention information, which could be an important component of suicide postvention activities. This study aimed to test an intervention designed to equip young people to communicate safely online about suicide (#chatsafe) with a sample of young people who had recently been exposed to a suicide or suicide attempt, with a view to determining the role social media can play as part of a postvention response. A sample of 266 young people from Australia, aged 16 to 25 years, were recruited to participate in the study. They were eligible if they had been exposed to a suicide or knew of a suicide attempt in the past 2 years. All participants received the #chatsafe intervention, which comprised 6 pieces of social media content that were sent to them weekly via direct message through Instagram, Facebook, or Snapchat. Participants were assessed on a range of outcome measures (social media use, willingness to intervene against suicide, internet self-efficacy, confidence, and safety when communicating about suicide on social media platforms) at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at 4-week follow-up. After the 6-week #chatsafe intervention, participants reported substantial improvements in their willingness to intervene against suicide online, their internet self-efficacy, and their perceived confidence and safety when communicating about suicide online. Overall, the participants reported that it was appropriate to receive the #chatsafe intervention via social media, and no iatrogenic effects were recorded. The findings suggest that it is safe and acceptable to disseminate suicide prevention information entirely via social media among young people who have recently been exposed to a suicide or suicide attempt. Interventions such as #chatsafe could potentially mitigate the risk of distress and future suicidal behavior in young people by improving the quality and safety of online communication about suicide and, as such, can be an important component of delivering a postvention response to young people.