Sample Of Iranian Adolescents Research Articles

The association between tramadol hydrochloride misuse and other substances use in an adolescent population: Phase I of a prospective survey

BackgroundTramadol hydrochloride is a common prescription pain reliever that is structurally similar to morphine and codeine with its analgesic effects identified as a mu-receptor agonist. Due to its opioid-like stimulant effects, the potential for tramadol misuse is a public health concern. As such, the aim of this investigation is to estimate the prevalence of tramadol misuse in a sample of Iranian adolescents and to assess the relationship between tramadol misuse and other substance use. MethodsThis is the first phase of a prospective survey examining the prevalence of adolescent smoking status, substances use and related factors in Ilam city, Iran. Grade 10 male and female students (n=2000) were recruited using multistage sampling. Self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were conducted with data analysed using cross tabulations and logistic regression models. ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime tramadol misuse was 4.8% (7.6% males; 1.8% females). Adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals for lifetime tramadol misusers reporting substance use during the past month were 2.2 (1.1–4.4) for alcohol, 5.0 (1.5–21.9) for cannabis, 8.9 (2.7–29.4) for ecstasy, 0.5 (0.03–7.0) for methamphetamine and 2.3 (0.7–7.4) for opium. ConclusionTramadol could be a related factor or co-factor for adolescent alcohol, cannabis and ecstasy use. We recommend future longitudinal studies to investigate the possible role of tramadol as a gateway drug in the development of substance abuse.

Premenstrual Disorders: Prevalence and Associated Factors in a Sample of Iranian Adolescents

BackgroundPremenstrual disorders usually refer to Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). This study was designed to find out the frequency of premenstrual disorders and evaluate the associated factors in a sample of Iranian adolescents.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to investigate the frequency of premenstrual disorders (PMS and PMDD) based on Premenstrual Assessment Scale (PAS) and also to determine the association of some demographic and menstrual characteristics with these disorders in adolescent girls.Patients and MethodsThis was a cross sectional study. A sample of adolescent school girls aged between 14 and 19 years were included in the study. Diagnostic assessments were based on Premenstrual Assessment Scale (PAS). The data were analyzed in a descriptive fashion and were compared among subgroups of the study sample. In addition, demographic and menstrual factors associations with premenstrual disorders were assessed.ResultsIn all 1379 female students were included in the study. About 99.5 % of the students reported at least one premenstrual symptom. Of these, 66.3% was mild, 31.4% moderate and 2.3% severe. A total of 814 girls (59%) met the diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Most frequently reported symptoms were back pain, lethargy, fatigue and anxiety. Early menarche, lower education was associated with higher scores on PAS.ConclusionPremenstrual disorders are common in adolescent girls. Preventive and treatment strategies are highly recommended.

The Role of Gender on Positive Psychology Constructs in a Sample of Iranian Adolescents and Young adults

This study was purposed to investigate the roles of gender and age on psychological hardiness, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and happiness in an Iranian sample. Participants were included 200 adolescents and 200 young adults that randomly selected from Eghlid City; Fars province, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, the Ahwaz Hardiness Inventory (AHI), the General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Trait-Meta-Mood-Scale (TMMS), and the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) were used in this study. Resulting data indicated that males had a significantly higher performance in psychological hardiness, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and happiness than females. Also, the influence of gender roles and age and its interaction in these positive psychology constructs were rejected in this study. Implications of the results were discussed for execution of positive psychology programs in males and females.

Health related quality of life among adolescents with premenstrual disorders: a cross sectional study

BackgroundPremenstrual disorders usually refer to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This study was designed to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a sample of Iranian adolescents with premenstrual disorders.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study. A sample of adolescent schoolgirls aged between 14 and 19 years were included in the study. Premenstrual disorders were indicated according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Health-related quality of life was measured using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The data were analyzed in a descriptive fashion and were compared among subgroups of the study sample.ResultsIn all 602 female students were studied. All students reported at least one premenstrual symptom. Of these, 224 (37.2%) met the diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Comparing the SF-36 scores between female students with and without PMDD, it was found that there were significant differences between these two groups in all measures (P < 0.001) except for physical functioning (P = 0.274). These differences were more evident on role emotional, role physical, social functioning and bodily pain.ConclusionThe study findings affirm the fact that adolescents with premenstrual disorders suffer from poor health-related quality of life. In order to improve quality of life in female adolescents appropriate support should be provided for this population especially for those who suffer from more severe premenstrual disorders.

Overweight adolescents: a group at risk for metabolic syndrome (Tehran adolescent obesity study).

Metabolic syndrome not only is a serious problem for adults, but is also afflicting an increasing number of children and adolescents. This syndrome is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a sample of Iranian adolescents. A total of 554 overweight adolescents (aged 11 - 17 years) participated in a community-based cross sectional survey. Anthropometric examinations including height, weight, body mass index, and blood pressure were assessed. A fasting blood sample was taken for measurement of glucose and lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome was determined by the definition released by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, which was modified for age. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 26.6%. There was no gender difference in the distribution of metabolic syndrome. When stratified by body mass index, 22.5% were overweight (BMI> or =95th percentile) besides having the criteria for metabolic syndrome, while the remaining 4.1% of the adolescents were at risk for overweight (BMI between 85th and 95th percentile) together with metabolic syndrome. Hypertriglyceridemia was the most common and high-density lipoprotein was the least common constituent of metabolic syndrome. This study suggests a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among overweight Iranian adolescents. This poses a serious threat to the current and future health of Iranian youth.

A Father's Education as a Determinant of Socioeconomic and Cultural Characteristics of Families in a Sample of Iranian Adolescents*

In order to find out the degree to which a father's education can be used as a predictor of the socioeconomic status (SES) of the family, 1,047 high school students in and around Shiraz, Iran were given a questionnaire covering a wide variety of issues. A considerable variation was found in the physical, cultural, and financial milieus of subjects with different FEs (father's education). Results indicate a close association between a father's education and his occupational status and income. Subjects with better‐educated fathers have reported a higher rate of literacy among their mothers and a more culturally enriched home environment than those with less‐educated fathers. The parental homes of the high FE group also appear to be mostly located in the more fashionable, modern residential areas of the city and to contain a larger number of rooms. The findings are taken as further justification for the use of FE as an index of parental SES. The significance of education as a means of social mobility in the Iranian culture is briefly discussed and the implication of this for the educational system of the country is commented upon.