Sample Of Egyptian Patients Research Articles

Demographic, Clinical and Paraclinical Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis Mimickers Among a Sample of Egyptian Patients

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease which is the main cause of non-traumatic disability among young and middle-aged adults. The diagnosis of MS is not often feasible, whereas many disorders are mimicking MS. This study was implemented to identify the difference in demographics, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics of MS mimickers in order to ensure early diagnosis and adequate treatment of MS patients. All patients with clinically suspected MS and aged 18-60 years old were included. Those patients were divided based on Mcdonald's Criteria 2017 and the paraclinical assessment into two groups: patients with confirmed MS diagnosis and those diagnosed with MS mimickers. In the current study, 515 patients with suspected diagnosis of MS were enrolled. Out of the, 400 (77.6 %) patients were diagnosed with MS and 115 (22.4%) patients did not fulfill the revised Mcdonald's criteria and thus were considered MS mimickers. The mimickers diagnoses included thirty cases (26.15%) migraine, twelve cases (10.4%) radiological isolated syndrome, eleven cases (9.6%) small vessel disease, ten cases (8.7%) psychogenic, eight cases (7%) neuromyelitis optica, five cases (4.3%) systemic lupus erythematosus, five cases (4.3%) Behcet's disease, five cases (4.3%) anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, four cases (3.5%) antiphospholipid syndrome, and four cases (3.5%) transverse myelitis. Patients with suspected diagnosis of MS should be subjected to meticulous neurological assessment coupled with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and appropriate laboratory investigations to confirm a definite diagnosis.

Covid-19 Impact on Mental Health of Egyptians Patients

The current study is aimed to examine the rates of mental disorders in a sample of Egyptian patients due to environmental factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic crisis which interacted with the historical and religious background of the Egyptian people. The research was performed in four different districts in Cairo and Giza before and during the outbreak of a pandemic. The Control group consisted of 1600 patients and extended from the first of October till the end of December 2019. The experimental group consisted of 1200 patients during the first four months of 2020. Mood disorders were the main psychiatric disorders that appeared during this period in the form of depression and anxiety disorders. Also, the cases of substance use disorder (SUD) and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) were presented more in psychiatric clinics. The percentage of male patients was slightly higher in depressive cases, while it was significantly higher in SUD cases. On the other hand, the percentage of female patients was a little higher in anxiety disorders and OCD cases. The percentage of SUD cases was significantly higher among highly educated patients and also in OCD cases. Medium educated patients presented with depression and anxiety disorders were slightly higher than high educated patients and significantly higher than low educated ones.

Relation between vitamin D level and severity, symptomatology and cognitive dysfunction of major depressive disorder—A sample of Egyptian patients

BackgroundVitamin D helps in the regulation of neurotransmission and neuroprotection. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency might lead to inactivated receptors and may result in depression. AimThe study assessed the relation between serum level of vitamin D and severity, symptomatology and cognitive dysfunction of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in a sample of Egyptian patients. MethodsSerum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were measured with electro-chemiluminescence binding assay in 75 patients with MDD. Vitamin D deficiency was described as <20 ng/ml. Patients were recruited from Psychiatry and Addiction Hospital, Kasr Al Ainy outpatient clinic. Patients were subjected to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders(SCID), Hamilton depression scale (HAM-D), Mini- mental status examination (MMSE), Wechsler memory subtests (story A and paired associate learning test (PALT)), Benton visual retention test (BVRT) and Trail B test. Results94.6 % of patients had vitamin D deficiency. There was no significant correlation between levels of vitamin D and severity of depression according to HAM-D. Regarding symptoms of depression, there was a statistically significant difference between levels of vitamin D, being more deficient with genital symptoms: decreased libido and menstrual disturbances. There was no statistically significant correlation between level of vitamin D and cognitive functions. ConclusionMDD was associated with vitamin D deficiency but no statistical significant correlation could be established neither between levels of vitamin D and severity of depression nor between levels of vitamin D and cognitive dysfunction. Vitamin D level was statistically correlated with decreased libido and menstrual disturbances.

The Relation between Preserved Social Support, Resilience (Depression and Anxiety) and Psychiatric Disorders among a Sample of Egyptian Patients on Regular Hemodialysis

Background: Patients on hemodialysis are at a high risk of psychiatric disorders as they face an emotional challenge in addition to physical impairment. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among a sample of patients with end-stage renal disease on regular dialysis, and the effect of resilience and social support on them. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 patients who had been on hemodialysis for the past three months. Anxiety and depression were assessed with a clinical interview. The severity of depression, perceived social support, and resilience were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Resilience Scale, respectively. Result: The mean age of enrolled patients was 49.2 ± 14.0 years, and the mean duration of hemodialysis was 4.5 ± 3.8 years. The prevalence of depression was 24.4% and that of anxiety was 20%. According to our analysis, 15 (33.3%) patients were diagnosed with minor depression, 6 (13.3%) with mild depression, 14 (31.1%) with moderate depression, and 10 (22.2%) with severe depression. Resilience correlated significantly with a psychiatric diagnosis (p=0.004). Perceived social support was also found to be significantly correlated with a psychiatric diagnosis (p=0.012). Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders in patients with CKD and are considered as the main determinants of quality of life and death rate. Increasing awareness, early evaluation, and management of depression and anxiety may improve the functional, social, and clinical outcomes of the patients with CKD.

Biomarkers of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Sclerosis diseases activity in a sample of Egyptian patients :Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor, Case Control Study

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorders characterized by a large spectrum of clinical and laboratory features. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible use of serum level of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2Ra) as biomarkers for monitoring of SLE and SSc disease activity. Moreover, it aimed to compare the specificity and sensitivity as well as cut-off value of both biomarkers in a sample of Egyptian patients. 50 SLE patients, 30 SSc patients and 60 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled in our study. sICAM-1and sIL-2Ra were measured in serum samples obtained from all participants. In addition to Erythosedimentation rate (ESR), complete blood count (CBC), Antineuclearantibodies (ANA) estimation, disease activity of both diseases were also assessed. sICAM-1and sIL-2Ra levels were higher in SLE and SSc patients versus control. Both parameters are correlated with each other as well as the activity parameters. A cut-off levels of 455.59 (ng/ml) &amp;2525935 (pg/ml) in both SLE &amp; SSs respectively was observed with the highest specificity and sensitivity. It could be concluded that sICAM-1 and sIL-2Ra are noninvasive biomarkers for SLE and SSc that could play a pathophysiologic role in development and progression of both diseases. Moreover, sICAM-1 and sIL-2Ra are correlated with the disease activity at cut-off values of 455.59 (ng/ml) &amp; 2525935(pg/ml) respectively.

Investigation of POU5F1 gene in sample of Egyptian patients with Behçet disease, pilot study

BackgroundBehçet's Disease (BD) is a polygenic immune-mediated disorder that involves the dysfunction of regulatory T cells and characterized by a close association with the HLA-B*51 allele. Familial aggregation of the disease has been reported. POU5F1 is a transcription factor which plays a key role in the early mammalian development and in lymphoid tissue differentiation. Recent GWAS studies have shown SNPs in the POU5F1 gene that might contribute to the susceptibility to autoimmune disorders as BD. Objectivesthis pilot study was carried out to investigate POU5F1 gene in patients with BD. Methodsvenous blood was collected from 40 patients diagnosed with BD and 20 healthy controls. DNA was extracted and Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed to amplify exon 3 and exon 4 of POU5F1 gene followed by DNA Sanger Sequencing. ResultsThe results showed detection of three SNPs in exon 3 including rs72856736, rs9501063 & rs3130932, and three SNPs in exon 4 including rs9263800, rs3130931 & rs72856737. rs9501063 had increased Allele (C) (P value = .03), and increased combined genotype (GC + CC) in BD patients compared to control (P value = .04). rs9263800 had increased Allele (A) in BD patients compared to control (P value = .04). 9 different haplotypes existed in our subjects. The GCAGTA & AGAGCG haplotypes were more distributed in patients (P value 0.01). the AGCGCG and GGAGCA haplotypes were more distributed in the control (P value <.001, P value = .03 respectively). ConclusionsPOU5F1 gene need to be studied on a large number of patients to investigate its possibility of contribution to Behçet's disease susceptibility.

Interleukin-6 serum level and gene polymorphism in keloid patients

The formation of keloid is associated with accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) formed mainly of collagen and fibronectin. Persistent deregulated IL-6 synthesis causes the development of various diseases. This study aim to investigate interleukin 6 (IL-6) serum level and gene polymorphism in a sample of Egyptian patients having keloid. This study was carried out on 90 subjects; 60 patients with keloid, and 30 age and sex matched apparently healthy control. All subjects underwent full history taking, clinical examinations, weight and length measuring to calculate BMI, dermatological examination, analysis of IL6-572 gene polymorphism using REFLP- PCR and IL-6 serum level using ELISA.IL-6 serum levels were significantly higher in keloid patients than control group (75.54±39.18) vs (19.17±6.06), (p &lt;0.001). The higher serum levels of IL-6 were associated with GG genotype (104.84±19.12) followed by CG (57.64±35.38) genotype (P&lt;0.001). GG genotype was significantly higher in keloid patients and increased the risk for keloid development by nearly14 folds (p&lt;0.001, OR (95%CI) =13.81). CG genotype was significantly observed in keloid patients and increased the risk for keloid development by about 4 times (p=0.010, OR (95%CI) =4.27). G Allele significantly increased the risk for keloid development by about 5 folds (P &lt;0.001 OR =5.11). In conclusion, there was a great association between IL-6 572 gene polymorphism and its serum level in patients with keloid specifically who have family history.

Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Sample of Egyptian Patients

Background. There are insufficient data on the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM), and various components of metabolic syndrome among Egyptian patients. The aim of the present study was to study the association of different SNPs of VDR genes BsmI, ApaI, TaqI and FokI and components of metabolic syndrome and type 2 DM among cohort of Egyptian patients. Methods. The study is a case-control study. Patients included in the study were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 78 patients with type 2 DM; group 2 included 72 patients with metabolic syndrome and one hundred age-matched healthy subjects were served as control group. Full biochemical study and serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) were done. Purified DNA was subjected to study with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for genotyping of SNPs of VDR gene. Data were presented as mean and standard deviation, and were analysed as appropriate by using the one-way ANOVA or paired t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate between variables. Results. Study of VDR genetic polymorphism had shown significant increase in the prevalence of Ff genotypes among diabetic patients and patients with manifestations of metabolic syndrome. There was significant negative correlation between 25(OH)D and total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion. The genetic polymorphism of VDR might play a role in the pathophysiology of type 2 DM and metabolic syndrome., however, more longitudinal studies are still required to support these finding.

Rates and profile of victimization in a sample of Egyptian patients with major mental illness.

Patients with major mental illness have an increased risk of victimization. Nevertheless, this topic was not thoroughly studied in Egyptian patients with major mental illness. The objectives of this study are to investigate the rates of victimization and understand its profile, psycho-demographic and clinical correlates among a sample of Egyptian patients with major mental illness. A total of 300 patients (100 patients with schizophrenia, 100 with bipolar and 100 with major depression) were recruited from the inpatient wards and outpatient clinics at Ain Shams University. They were subjected to a demographic questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and a Victimization Questionnaire (VQ). In our study population, 130 (43.3%) of patients were victimized, of them 52 (40%) were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, 48 (36.9%) with bipolar disorder and 30 (23.1%) with schizophrenia. Victimization was more in female, married, unemployed individuals and those living in rural areas. Patients exposed to domestic violence or abuse during childhood had higher rates of victimization. All victimized patients were subjected to emotional victimization, 64.6% were physically victimized and 53.8% were subjected to miscellaneous types of victimization. Patients were victimized mainly by acquaintance followed by family members. The majority of patients did not report their victimization and considered it as a personal issue or not important enough to be reported. Patients with major mental illness are susceptible to significant victimization. Clinicians should explore possible history of abuse or victimization in their patients, empower and support the victimized ones.

Clinical Characteristics of Borderzone Infarction in Egyptian Population

Objectives: In this research we wanted to highlight the importance of defining Borderzone infarctions (BZI) as a separate subtype in stroke classifications. We thus studied cases of isolated BZI, small vessel disease (SVD), and large vessel disease (LVD), to identify their points of similarities and difference in a sample of Egyptian patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional (observational) study. Consecutive 637 acute ischemic stroke patients were recruited over a 2 year period, from 2 stroke units of Ain Shams University hospitals in Egypt. Medical history and laboratory investigations were done to identify risk factors. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was performed on admission, and modified Rankin scale (mRS) on admission, and after 3 months. MRI brain was done to identify stroke subtype; MRA and carotid duplex were used to define vascular status. Results: Among the studied group of patients, 72 (11.3%) had BZI, 145 (22.8%) had SVD, 165 (26%) had LVD, and 255 were excluded as they had either undetermined, or mixed etiology. BZI showed significantly older age, early confluent lesions, more disease severity by NIHSS, and worst outcome by mRS (P < 0.05). SVD had more microbleeds than BZI and LVD. LVD showed lower prevalence of hypertension and lower high-density lipoprotein levels. Conclusions: Isolated BZI, SVD, and LVD infarctions have characteristic risk factors and clinical patterns. Further studies are needed to identify if they are different from cases with mixed pathology. This could have an impact on the selection of primary and secondary preventive measures appropriate to each type.

Correlation between smoking status, periodontitis and SIgA level in a sample of patients

The present study was designed to investigate the correlation between periodontitis and smoking status and secretory IgA level among a sample of Egyptian patients. The study was carried out on male subjects with age ranging from 25- 45 years . The subjects were divided to 3 groups of 30 subjects each ; Group I (Control group) subjects with no clinical and/or radiographic manifestations of periodontal disease and no history of smoking, Group II which includes subjects diagnosed of periodontitis with no history of smoking and Group III which includes subjects diagnosed of periodontitis with history of smoking. The level of salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) was measured for the three groups. The results of this study reported significant decrease in the level salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA ) in group III compared to group I and II (P< 0.05)

Study of the effect of glycemic control on the diabetes-related distress in a sample of Egyptian patients with diabetes mellitus

Study of the effect of glycemic control on the diabetes-related distress in a sample of Egyptian patients with diabetes mellitus

Vertebrobasilar Occlusive Diseases in a Group of Egyptian Patients with Posterior Circulation Ischemiaat Interventional Neurology Unit Al-Hussein University Hospital

Background: stroke is the third leading cause of long-term disability and a major cause of mortality worldwide. Eighty percent of strokes are ischemic. Twenty percent of ischemic events involve tissue supplied by the posterior (Vertebrobasilar) circulation. Aim of the Work:the aim of the study was to assess clinical, risk factors, etiology and vascular lesions of vertebrobasilar occlusive diseases in a sample of Egyptian patients with posterior cerebral circulation ischemia at Al-Hussein Neuro-intervention Unit. Patients and Methods: this study was carried out on patients presented with posterior cerebral circulation ischemia undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography at the Neuro-interventional Unit in Neurology Department of Al -Hussein University Hospital and Bab-Alshaeria University Hospital. We studied risk factors, vascular lesions, symptoms and signs in patients with vertebrobasilar disease. Results: in the present study, DM was the most frequent risk factor, present in 20 patients (66.67%), followed by hypertension (19 patients [63.33%]), hyperlipidemia (14 patients [46.67%]), smoking (13 patients [43.33%]) and IHD (12 patients [40%]). Conclusion: early detection of stenotic lesions is highly valuable for preventing patients from recurrent TIAs and strokes. Recent improvements in imaging with application the arrival of vertebral artery angioplasty and stenting, however, have opened up new opportunities for intervention in this disease. Digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard method for diagnosis of vertebrobasilardiseasesand the most sensitive for detecting intracranial and extracranial stenotic lesions.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND DENTAL CARIES EXPERIENCE IN A GROUP OF EGYPTIAN OBESE CHILDREN (6-12 YEARS OF AGE ). A CASE CONTROL STUDY

The present study was designed to investigate the correlation between periodontitis and smoking status and secretory IgA level among a sample of Egyptian patients. The study was carried out on male subjects with age ranging from 25- 45 years . The subjects were divided to 3 groups of 30 subjects each ; Group I (Control group) subjects with no clinical and/or radiographic manifestations of periodontal disease and no history of smoking, Group II which includes subjects diagnosed of periodontitis with no history of smoking and Group III which includes subjects diagnosed of periodontitis with history of smoking. The level of salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) was measured for the three groups. The results of this study reported significant decrease in the level salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA ) in group III compared to group I and II (P< 0.05)

The association between personality, coping, and depression in patients with chronic pain

Background As a rising concern in the medical and mental health fields, this study aims to examine predictors of depressive symptoms in a sample of Egyptian patients with chronic pain in terms of coping styles and personality traits. Patients with chronic pain are believed to experience different stressors, which include, but are not limited to, pain, disability, reduced productivity, and financial difficulties. Such factors, in addition to various psychosocial factors, constitute the disease burden of chronic pain. Objective This study examines the degree to which coping styles and personality traits can influence the disease outcome in terms of comorbid depressive symptoms. Patients and methods A total of 98 (50 patients with fibromyalgia and 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis) patients were interviewed and were assessed in terms of their coping styles, personality profile, and severity of depressive symptoms. Results Findings show a high prevalence of depressive symptoms and suggest passive coping, high neuroticism, low extraversion, unmarried status, and more years of education to be moderate predictors of the severity of chronic pain. Conclusion Conclusion Findings of this study shed light on the significance of the psychological aspects of chronic pain conditions and may help in designing liaison interventions for the management of secondary and comorbid depressive symptoms.

Relationship among cognitive function, depression, and vitamin D in a sample of Egyptian patients with migraine

Background Migraine is the second most common cause of headache worldwide. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been considered as a global health problem. Cognitive impairment and depression are common comorbidities with both migraine and vitamin D deficiency. Some studies have shown relationship between vitamin D deficiency and migraine; however, the available evidence on association among vitamin D, migraine, and those comorbidities is limited. Objective To study the relation between vitamin D and migraine and to explore its relation to depression and cognitive impairment as comorbidities of migraine. Patients and methods This was a cross-sectional comparative case–control study. A total of 30 patients with migraine aged 18–41 years were included along with 30 controls, who were age and sex matched. All patients were assessed for frequency, duration of migraine attacks, and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MDAS). All patients with chronic migraine were not on prophylactic treatment. Moreover, patients and control were exposed to Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAM-D) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to assess depression and cognition, respectively. Serum vitamin D level was also measured. Results Serum vitamin D was significantly decreased in migraineurs with negative correlation to duration of disease and frequency of attacks; however, it was not significant to cognitive impairment or depression. MoCA and HAM-D were significantly affected in patients with migraine than control with significant decline in chronic form of migraine; however, there was no significant difference between migraine with aura or without. MoCA and HAM-D were also related to MDAS but not to vitamin D. Conclusion Serum vitamin D is deficient in migraineurs and was related to frequency of attacks but not to the severity of migraine, associated depression, or cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment and depression were explored in migraineurs and related to MDAS. Cognitive impairment is related to both migraine with aura or without aura, and patients with chronic migraine are affected more than those with episodic migraine.

Serum Level of Vitamin C in a Sample of Egyptian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Antioxidants such as vitamin C can eliminate free radicles responsible for oxidative stress. Objective: To assess the serum level of vitamin C in a sample of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to investigate a possible role of vitamin C in the pathogenesis of MS. Subjects and Methods: Forty patients with MS and twenty healthy controls were included in this study. Vitamin C level was estimated for each participant. Results: Serum vitamin C levels were significantly lower among the patients (ranging from 0.28 mg/dL to 0.75 mg/dL with mean 0.47 ± 0.14 mg/dL and median of 0.46 mg/dL) compared to controls (ranging from 0.60 mg/dL to 2.90 mg/dL with mean 1.87 ± 0.61 mg/dL and median of 1.90 mg/dL) (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was detected between age and serum vitamin C (r = 0.312, P = 0.049). Patients with infratentorial lesions had significantly lower levels of serum vitamin C compared to those who did not have infratentorial lesions (P = 0.017). Conclusion: Patients with MS tended to have low serum vitamin C levels, and younger patients had lower serum levels.

Maxillary Central Incisors’ collum angle in different skeletal vertical malocclusions – A Cephaometric study

Introduction: The Collum angle can be defined as a crown root supplementary angle of maxillary central incisors. The aim of the study was to assess the maxillary central incisors’ collum angle in a sample of Egyptian patients with different vertical malocclusions using cephalometric radiographs. Methods: Ninety lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected and divided into three groups, with equal size, according to lateral cephalograms (SN-GoGn angle). Group І: consisted of lateral cephalmetric radiographs of 30 who had the strongest predominance of horizontal growth pattern (SN-GoGn ≤28o), Group ІІ: consisted of lateral cephalmetric radiographs of 30 subjects who had the strongest predominance of vertical growth pattern (SN-GoGn ≥35o). Angular and linear parameters on cephalometric radiograph for each subject were measured to identify the facial growth patterns, and Collum angle was then measured. Results: mean of collum angle for the maxillary central incisor in horizontal growth pattern sample was 7.8°±2.2° with minimum being 5° and max­imum 14°. The mean values for vertical growth pattern was 2.1°±2.1° with minimum 0° and a maximum 6°. Paired samples t-test comparison revealed that there was a high significant increase in maxillary central incisor collum angle in horizontal growers than in vertical growers, mean difference being 5.7°±1°. Conclusion: Maxillary central incisor collum angle in horizontal growers is higher than in vertical growers.

Cognitive and psychological evaluation of a sample of egyptian patients with behcet’s disease without neurological manifestations: a case–control study

Objective Behcet’s disease (BD) is a chronic autoimmune multisystemic vasculitis of unknown cause that affects one case per 170 000 persons in the USA. There are few studies in the literature that targeted BD patient group for cognitive and psychological evaluation and scarce studies that evaluated the patients with BD without neurological manifestations. In this study, we aimed to assess those who have BD without neurological manifestations for cognitive and psychological impairments. Patients and methods A case–control study was conducted. A total of 45 consecutive adult patients, aged 18–60 years, diagnosed with BD without neurological manifestations were evaluated for cognitive and psychological impairments and compared with 30 age-matched and sex-matched healthy control participants. Detailed clinical evaluation was done including disease activity measurement using Behcet’s Disease Current Activity Form. Participants completed a group of neuropsychological assessment including Memory Assessment Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Short Form 36 Quality-Of-Life questionnaire, and Global Assessment of Functioning scale. Results Compared with the control group, patients with BD scored lower in Memory Assessment Scale (total and subscores), Short Form 36 Quality-Of-Life questionnaire, and Global Assessment of Functioning scores. BD group showed significantly higher prevalence of depression and anxiety. Conclusion BD without neurological manifestations was associated with cognitive and psychological impairment, and this was not restricted to cases with neuro-BD.

The association of +1150A polymorphism with low GH level in isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) patients

Background and objectivesThe circulating level of growth hormone (GH) is necessary for normal development of skeletal and soft tissues. The growth hormone-1 (GH1) gene is responsible for GH production, any alteration in this gene causes growth hormone deficiency (GHD). We aimed to study the GH1 gene variants in a sample of Egyptian patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) and isolated short stature (ISS) and their possibility to be used as biomarker for GHD. MethodsForty-two short stature patients were selected and divided into two groups according to GH level, 33 patients with IGHD and 9 with ISS. Exon 4 and its flanking intronic region of GH1 were screened by Sanger sequencing. In silico analysis was used to determine the function of the detected variant. Results+1150A (rs2665802) polymorphism was detected in the studied fragment. +1150A Genotype was associated with short stature and low growth hormone levels in the two studied groups. ConclusionTo our knowledge this is the first molecular study on the IGHD and ISS in Egyptian patients. Our study sheds light on +1150A genotype may be a biomarker for IGHD and short stature.