Sample Of Companies Research Articles

The Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure Quality on Stock Price Volatility in Heavily Polluted Industries - Based on Chinese Listed Companies

Facing natural disasters caused by the destruction of ecosystems, the world is paying increasing attention to the protection of ecosystems. Meanwhile, investors are particularly concerned about enterprises' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, which is considered to be crucial to long-term development and value improvement. Currently, access to ESG information relies mainly on proactive disclosure by companies. Although China attaches great importance to corporate ESG disclosure, the quality of many companies' ESG disclosures remains poor, especially in heavily polluted industries. As China’s financial market matures, more and more investors may utilize stock price volatility to assess investment risk and then make investment decisions. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the impact of ESG disclosure quality on stock price volatility in heavily polluted industries. Taking listed companies in China's heavily polluted industries as the research object, this paper explores the impact of ESG disclosure quality on stock price volatility in heavily polluted industries by building a two-way fixed-effects regression model. This paper chooses Bloomberg Data Terminal's scores on ESG disclosure quality of companies and takes 2012 to 2020 as the research interval. Ultimately, this paper launches the study based on 693 data from 77 sample companies. After regression analysis and robustness test, the following conclusion is drawn: ESG disclosure quality and stock price volatility of heavily polluted companies show a positive correlation.

Pengaruh Elemen Fraud Hexagon dan Karakteristik CEO terhadap Financial Statement Fraud

This study aims to determine the effect of fraud hexagon elements and CEO characteristic elements, namely external pressure, ineffective monitoring, change in auditor, change in director, frequent number of CEO's picture, collusion, CEO education, and CEO experience on financial statement fraud. This research is quantitative type. The population of this study are health sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2023 period. The sampling method used purposive sampling and obtained 8 sample companies. This study uses secondary data obtained from the company's financial statements and annual reports. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the variables of external pressure, ineffective monitoring, change in director, frequent number of CEO's picture, collusion, CEO education, and CEO experience had an effect on financial statement fraud. While the change in auditor variable has no effect on financial statement fraud

Moderating Role of ESG Disclosure on Minority Shareholders and Tax Avoidance

Objective - This study examined and analyzed the effect of minority shareholders on tax avoidance, which covers Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure as a moderating variable in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2018–2022. The minority shareholders consist of foreign ownership, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership.Design/Methodology - This study used secondary data taken from annual reports, sustainability reports, and the company’s OSIRIS database. Moreover, a total of 254 research sample companies were selected for this study using a purposive sampling technique. In addition, this study used a quantitative method using panel data regression analysis.Results - This study discovered that the higher the foreign and managerial ownership, the lower the tax avoidance actions within the company, while institutional ownership has no effect on tax avoidance. Furthermore, the results of the moderation regression analysis showed ESG disclosures can strengthen the effect of foreign and managerial ownership on tax avoidance, but cannot moderate institutional ownership on tax avoidance.Research limitations/implications - As a solution to tax avoidance in Indonesia, OJK may take into account and strengthen ESG disclosures made by companies.Novelty/Originality - This study discussed tax avoidance actions in Indonesia based on company ownership, with a focus on minority shareholders. Additionally, ESG disclosure was investigated to determine whether it could affect the relationship between minority shareholders and tax avoidance.

Corporate social responsibility and firm value: the role of enterprise risk management and corporate governance

Purpose Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained tremendous importance after several corporate scandals, financial crises and the rise of the hyper-competitive world. Firms must address multiple stakeholders’ interests to increase firm value. This study aims to investigate the effect of CSR on firm value. This study also examines the mediating role of enterprise risk management (ERM) and the moderating influence of corporate governance (CG) in this CSR-firm value relationship. Design/methodology/approach The sample of the study comprises 119 Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) listed firms and the study covers the period from 2010 to 2021. The corporate social responsibility performance has been quantified across five dimensions. These aspects are product, environment, employee relations, diversity and community. Four proxies i.e. strategy, operation, reporting and compliance, have been used to measure ERM. The governance quality of the sample companies was evaluated using the governance index, which included 29 governance provisions. The authors used the dynamic panel data technique (system-GMM) is used to achieve the objectives of the study. Furthermore, a firm’s engagement in CSR activities can also be measured through a multinational financial approach to check the robustness of the result. Findings Based on the regression analysis, the authors discovered that CSR was positively connected with firm value, validating the stakeholder view of CSR. Furthermore, following Baron and Kenny’s (1986) mediation technique, the findings confirm that ERM mediates this association. These results are robust by using the bootstrapping tests by Preacher and Hayes (2004). Furthermore, the result shows that corporate governance (CG) is positively connected with firm performance, and this relationship is strengthened in the presence of an effective governance system in the organization. Practical implications This study provides useful insights to regulators, investors and policymakers to consider CSR as a value-enhancing factor and encourage the development of enterprise risk management and compliance with CG mechanisms to improve firm value. Originality/value The presented analysis strengthens the existing CSR–firm value relationship by analyzing the mediating and moderating roles of ERM and CG, which have not yet been tested, particularly in the context of Pakistan.

Revisiting the stock market reactions to the private securities litigation against informational misconducts in China

The recently revised Securities Law in December 2019 and subsequent judicial interpretations issued by the Supreme People's Court (SPC) improved the efficiency of private securities litigation in China. Such a milestone legal reform is also reflected by Chinese courts awarding historically high amount of damages to aggrieved investors. These events are used as the sources of exogenous shocks to both de jure and de facto private enforcement intensity, and the stock market reactions to these events are examined. To control for potential self-selection bias, a sample of “culpable” listed companies is employed. Our sample companies react most significantly to the first game-changing court decision in “Wuyang Judgment”, in which the defendants were ordered to pay more than 1 billion damages. Such effects are observed in addition to the previous changes of “on-the-book” laws of private securities litigation. Finally, the magnitude of the estimated abnormal return is positively correlated with the local judiciary quality proxied by the percentage of cases disclosed, which suggests that the market expects that listed companies in regions with high-quality adjudication should be liable to pay higher damages.

The market reactions for deferred compliance of IAS 41: an analysis of the agriculture sector in Indonesia

Research aims: This study aims to investigate the market reaction of post-IAS 41 implementation in Indonesia. IAS 41 Agriculture requires companies to measure biological assets at fair value, which will increase asset values and profit in the first year of its implementation. The increase in the asset values can have a favorable impact on companies’ share prices as fair value was not applied in Indonesia prior to the adoption of IAS 41. In addition, this study analyzes the disclosure compliance of IAS 41 in the interim reports during the implementation year.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used non-parametric statistics, precisely the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and content analysis of financial statement disclosure about IAS 41 Agriculture. The sample of the study comprised 27 Indonesian companies with agriculture assets during the first year of the implementation of IAS 41. Research findings: The results of this study suggest no significant difference in market abnormal return after the first annual financial statements post-IAS 41 implementation were released in the first quarter of 2018. The results also indicate that at least 50% of the 27 sample companies did not use fair value for their biological assets in their first quarter of interim report during the implementation year. The use of fair value was only observed in the last quarter of 2018, as most companies made an effort to apply fair value. The late implementation of fair value in IAS 41 may explain the insignificance of the market's abnormal return reaction in the first quarter of the adoption year when the financial reports were released.Practitioner/Policy implication: The adoption of the new standard requires companies to comply with it right in the first quarter of the implementation year. The capital market regulator should impose stricter requirements for listed companies to apply the new standard starting with the first quarter of financial reports.Research limitation/Implication: The limitations of this study concern the observation period used for calculating abnormal returns, which did not conclude a ‘pure’ market reaction, and the sample of this research was limited to three industries: agriculture, basic chemicals, and consumer goods.

Competitive Advantage in Light of AI to Achieve Innovative as a Key of the SDGS: Palestinian Insurance Industry

Objective: The study aims to shed light on the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing the competitive advantage of insurance companies listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange and as a result promoting innovation. Theoretical Framework: The study relied on the knowledge-based theory (innovative knowledge), which is difficult to replicate and helps the company become a market leader. Method: The study used a descriptive-analytical approach And correlation coefficients, with a Random sample consisting of 100 managers and heads of marketing, sales, and customer service departments. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that the overall degree of artificial intelligence in the sample companies was between moderate and high. The findings confirmed the presence of a positive, statistically significant effect of using artificial intelligence dimensions in enhancing the competitive advantage of insurance companies and therefore promoting innovation. Research Implications: Based on the aforementioned results, the study recommended expanding investment in artificial intelligence areas while adopting modern marketing approaches in dealing with policyholders. It emphasized the importance of taking into account customers' perspectives and expectations to meet their needs and desires. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the understanding of how artificial intelligence can be leveraged to enhance the competitive advantage of insurance companies, providing a strategic perspective based on the knowledge-based theory.

Impact of climate risk on financial performance – evidence from select energy companies from select G-20 countries

Purpose The recent meeting of G-20 world leaders, held in New Delhi, in 2023, highlighted that the physical effect of climate change has considerable macro-economic costs at the national and global levels and they have also pledged to accelerate the clean, sustainable and inclusive energy transition along a variety of pathways. Climate change could pose various emerging risks to the firm’s operational and financial activities, specifically for those which are belonging to the energy sector. Thus, this study aims to investigate the impact of climate risks on the financial performance of select energy companies from G-20 countries. Design/methodology/approach The study considered 48 energy companies from G-20 countries as the sample for the period of 2017 to 2021. To measure the climate change-related physical risks, the study has considered the ND-GAIN climate vulnerability score and the firm’s financial performance has been measured by return on assets, return on equity, return on capital used and price-to-book ratio. To examine the impact of climate risks on the financial performance of the sample companies, the authors have used pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed/random effect regression analysis and required data diagnosis tests are also performed. Findings The empirical results suggested that climate risks negatively impacted the financial performance of the sample companies. The market performances of the firms are also being impacted by the physical climate change. The results of panel data regression analysis also confirmed the robustness of the empirical results derived from the pooled OLS analysis suggesting that firms that operated in a less climate-risky country, financially performed better than the firms that operated in a more climate-risky country. Practical implications The paper has significant practical implications like it could be helpful for the policymakers, investors, suppliers, researchers and other stakeholders in developing deeper insights about the impact of climate risks on the energy sectors from an international perspective. This study may also help the policymakers in developing policies for the management of climate risk for the energy sector. Originality/value This study adds insights to the existing literature in the area of climate risks and firm’s financial performance. Moreover, this may be the first study that attempts to evaluate the impact of climate risks on the financial performance of select energy companies from the G-20’s perspective.

Ownership Structure and Corporate Risk Disclosure in Emerging Countries

The study examines the impact of ownership structure on corporate risk disclosure in African emerging countries. The sample includes 42 firms that are listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data for the independent variables were taken from the Bloomberg data stream, whereas the data for the dependent variable were taken from annual reports retrieved from the website of the sample companies. The study’s time period runs from 2014 to 2018. Regression and content analysis were employed as the analytical tools. We perform text analysis on company annual reports to ascertain the risks that companies disclose, and regression analysis was used to establish the extent to which ownership structure influenced corporate risk disclosure. The result shows that strategic and environmental risk disclosures are dominated by operational risk disclosure. It has become a convention for the firms to divulge considerable positive, past, non-monetary information rather than negative, future and monetary risk information. Moreover, it is discovered that the decision to improve risk disclosure is largely influenced by company size and profitability. In contrast, firms are reluctant to unveil risk information provided the shares of the company are not concentrated in the hands of few individuals. Nonetheless, company risk disclosure practice is unaffected by institutional investors, government, foreigners, insider ownership and leverage. It can be concluded that the enterprises operating in emerging African markets have made improvements totheir risk disclosure practices. However, there is still room for further improvement. Monetary, future, and negative risk information are the most important risk disclosures that various stakeholder groups, such as investors, demand to see. Hence, there is a need for regulation that can compel corporations to publish the most pertinent risk information. Even though risk disclosure is voluntary in these two African emerging countries, ownership structure is one of significant predictors of corporate risk disclosure.

The Impact of the Capital Structure on the Financial Default / an Analytical Research in Sample of Companies of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals

The objective of this research is to study the effect of capital structure on financial default. As it is the first research of its kind that deals with this sample of companies affiliated to the Ministry of Industry and Minerals and these companies were chosen especially because they suffer from financial deficit problems. The importance of this research lies in determining the importance of the components of the capital structure and knowing their impact on financial default in the research sample companies. The research sample represented a number of companies of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals located in Baghdad Governorate. The statistical methods represented in used financial ratios in the analysis to evaluate the research variables, which are both capital structure ratios (Long-term debt ratio to equity and long-term debt to total asset) and liquidity ratios (Current ratio, Quick ratio, Cash ratio) and used the programs (SPSS v26) and (Excel 2010) and the moment structure analysis program (AMOS) was adopted in order to calculate each of the standard deviation, correlation coefficient and specificity to find the relationship between the research variables and test its hypotheses. The results showed that the capital structure had no effect on the cases of financial defaults in the companies.

Determinants of stock return in 10 biggest market capitalization on the Indonesian stock exchange

Several research results on the capital market in Indonesia fall into the category of market efficiency in the weak form, so the results of previous research do not reflect the theory of capital market efficiency in the strong form. The purpose of this research is to analyze and answer the existence of inconsistencies in the results of previous research as well as the phenomenon of stock returns which are not as described in capital market theory in strong form. This is what prompted researchers to do it again using different time series and cross-sectional data. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with a panel data multiple regression analysis method using 10 sample companies that are members of 50 large capitalization companies for 7 years. This research formula is to maximize the Stock Return value through leverage as an intervening variable using research objects of companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Two research models are integrated into one and each goes through a model selection test stage, namely the Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Lagrange Multiplier Test using the eviews12 application. The results of this research explain that increasing ROA can have an impact on reducing Leverage (DER) and through DER it can explain the impact on Stock Returns, but ROA cannot directly explain Stock Returns. It is hoped that these results can help as a guide for investors to get maximum Stock Returns.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dan Profitabilitas: Pengaruh aspek ekonomi, lingkungan, dan social pada Perusahaan Manufaktur

This study was conducted to determine how the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure on profitability. This research uses a quantitative approach method. The data analysis technique used in this research is panel data regression analysis technique and the data is processed using STATA software version 16. Disclosure of economic, environmental, and social aspects of CSR as independent variables, company size, and sub-sector as control variables and profitability projected by Return on Asset (ROA) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) as dependent variables. This research was conducted in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2018-2021. The sample selection in this study used purposive sampling method and obtained 29 sample companies. The results of this study indicate that the disclosure of CSR in economic, environmental, and social aspects does not have a significant effect on ROA. Likewise, CSR disclosure of environmental and social aspects. The larger the size ot the firm, the higher CSR disclosure carried out by the company.

Effect of Managerial Competency and Corporate Governance on the Performance of Indonesian Life Insurance

The success of insurance companies in general and in Indonesia depends on the performance of the company's executives and board of directors. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of managerial competence and independent commissioners on the performance of insurance companies in Indonesia. The number of life insurance companies in this research sample was 22 companies from 2018 to 2022, so the total research data was 110. After removing 10 outlier data, the final data analyzed was 100. This research models the relationship between managerial competence, the proportion of independent board of directors and the performance of life insurance companies. The results of this research show that managerial competence and the proportion of independent directors, which are proxies for governance, have a significant and positive relationship to the performance of insurance companies in Indonesia, both partially and simultaneously. Manager competency and corporate governance mechanisms have improved company performance.

Assessing the Financial Health of the Company and its Relationship to its Market Value Added: Evidence from Industrial Companies Listed on the Amman Stock Exchange for the Period (2013-2021)

Purpose: The research aimed to analyze the relationship between the financial health of the company and the market value added assuming a significant correlation between the two variables. Methodology: Financial health was measured based on the Z-Score model while the market value added (MVA) was measured based on the capital invested in the company and the market value of the company. The sample of the study consisted of (8) industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange for the period (2013-2021). The principal data utilized in the analysis came from the balance sheets and profit and loss reports that were available on the official websites of the research sample companies. Findings: It was revealed through the analysis of the two variables that the company (APOT) shows higher financial health and market value added than the rest of the companies, followed by a number of companies in the research sample that had good financial health and market value added. Results of the analysis of the relationship between the two variables showed a significant positive relationship between the financial health of the company and the market value added, meaning that the better the financial health of the company, the more its market value increases and thus wealth is added to the owners. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The results of this work can be used to improve the financial performance of companies, which calls for regular evaluation of the financial situation, identification of strengths and weaknesses in one's financial position, and an effort to mitigate risks and correct any shortcomings prior to their representation in the financial statements, The firm must also follow a strong financial strategy to achieve success and sustainability in the financial market.

IMPACT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON PROFITABILITY: AN EMPIRICAL SEARCH

In today's corporate world, every company needs to survive in the long run by becoming financially sustainable. Firms must cope with a variety of financial variables for a successful long-term financial existence, where the two most crucial issues are capital structure and profitability. The finance manager must design the capital structure in such a way so that the company can earn a good profit to satisfy all of its stakeholders. A modest attempt has been made in this study to understand how far profitability is affected by the capital structure design. This study considered 100 manufacturing companies of India's National Stock Exchange (NSE) as the sample companies. The study has been purely based on secondary data, and the required data has been gathered from the 'CAPITALINE' database for a period of 10 years, i.e., from 2011 to 2020. This study considered ROIC ( proxy of profitability) as the dependent variable and leverage (proxy of capital structure) as the independent variable. Besides, some control variables such as firm size, Tangibility, uniqueness, growth, and firm quality have also been taken into account. A dynamic panel data regression model has been used in this study to examine the relationship between profitability and capital structure. The findings of the study clearly revealed that profitability is affected by the choice of capital structure design. KEYWORDS: Capital Structure, Leverage, Profitability, ROIC, Dynamic Panel, NSE

تأثير الإفصاح المحاسبي الاختياري في الأنشطة البيئية لتعزيز الأداء المستدام

Optional disclosure represents an episode in the development of the financial reporting function and was approved by the management of economic units as a result of the pressures of users of accounting information in light of a competitive economic environment that requires reducing the information gap between management and users in order to ensure the implementation of environmental activities to evaluate the efforts of the management of economic units and their ability to achieve strategic goals and create an advantage. Sustainable information . Many conclusions were reached, the most important of which is the weakness of voluntary accounting disclosure in the financial reports of the companies in the research sample, as well as the low levels of environmental activities that help in sustainability, which negatively affects the management’s ability to achieve its set goals and reduces the benefit of the information provided to users. The research concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: Professional accounting organizations and the management of the Iraqi Stock Exchange direct companies’ management to provide optional accounting disclosures in their reports prepared for users.

Double Counting of Emission Reductions Undermines the Credibility of Corporate Mitigation Claims.

Companies are increasingly relying on emission reductions attributable to their adoption of renewable electricity to achieve net-zero emission targets. However, there is a risk of double counting of emission reductions threatening the credibility of corporate climate actions due to defective accounting rules of GHG emissions related to electricity consumption and the overlap between different market-based instruments, including carbon credit markets, renewable power purchase agreements, and renewable energy certificates. Using data of 63 major Chinese companies in seven sectors, we quantitatively assess the risks of double counting related to corporate sourcing of renewables and their consequent influences on the alignment of corporate emission trajectories with the 1.5 °C goal of the Paris Agreement. Results show that 7.1% of the electricity consumed by sample companies in 2021 was from renewable energy procurement and deployment, with which they reported 8.27 Mt of CO2e emission reductions compared to the scenario with no renewable electricity consumption. However, emission reductions that could be double counted are predicted to be 0.9-1.3 times as many as emission reductions that companies will report during 2021-2030. After adjustment of the reported emissions that might be underestimated due to double counting, the overall emission trajectories of sample companies are no longer aligned with the 1.5 °C goal. Our findings suggest that it is urgently needed to improve the corporate carbon accounting rules and increase the transparency of corporate carbon disclosures.

FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY AND ITS IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE GROWTH RATE

This research aims to know and measure the effect of financial efficiency in its dimensions (as an independent variable) on the rate of sustainable growth (as a dependent variable , the research provides a cognitive and applied framework through which it shows the relationship between these two variables, as a sample consisting of (9) Iraqi industrial companies listed in Iraq Stock Exchange, for the period (2013-2022). The research problem was raised in a number of questions, including: Can financial efficiency, in its dimensions, increase the sustainable growth rate in the companies in the research sample, and what is the level of both financial efficiency and the sustainable growth rate in the companies in the research sample, and reliance was placed on financial measures and statistical programs such as ( (SPSS) and (Excel), to answer these questions, test hypotheses, and analyze the relationship between these variables. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a statistically significant effect and correlation of financial efficiency with its indicators on the sustainable growth rate of the companies in the research sample, and this was confirmed by testing the research hypotheses. Through the program (SPSS.V.26) and relying on standard multiple linear regression for the research variables, this is consistent with the research hypotheses, and in light of the conclusions, the research reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which is: Companies must rely on their own resources from property rights more than borrowing to achieve a sustainable growth rate. Which helps it continue to compete strongly in the markets.

Integrating industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing for a sustainable green transition: A comprehensive model

The integration of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies and Lean Manufacturing (LM) principles has emerged as a significant strategy for industries seeking to improve precision, customization, competitiveness, and environmental sustainability. However, existing literature lacks a comprehensive model that incorporates these approaches and guides companies towards a green paradigm (GP) transition. This study aims to address the gap in literature by developing a comprehensive model that integrates I4.0 and LM practices and examines how this integration can enhance companies' ability to achieve a green transition. A Systematic Literature Review was conducted to identify 27 critical variables related to I4.0, LM, and GP. The ISM-MICMAC method was applied for analysis. Validation of the model was performed through interview with a sample company. The developed model provides a comprehensive framework for integrating I4.0 and LM practices to facilitate companies' transition towards environmental sustainability. The analysis revealed critical variables and their interactions, highlighting areas of focus for organizations aiming to adopt a green paradigm. The integration of I4.0 and LM practices offers significant potential for enhancing companies' ability to achieve environmental sustainability goals. By identifying critical variables and their relationships, this study provides valuable insights for organizations seeking to navigate the transition towards a green paradigm. This research contributes to the existing literature by presenting a novel model that bridges the gap between I4.0, LM, and environmental sustainability. The findings offer practical guidance for industries aiming to leverage technology and operational strategies to address sustainability challenges.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Website Reporting: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa’s Top-Ranked Companies

This study aims to examine how Sub-Saharan Africa’s top ranked companies themselves convey their role as social-economic development partners and/or agents in their corporate communications, and to what extent country- and industry-specific characteristics influence their reporting, i.e., via CSR websites reporting. Using Forbes’ 2,000 world-largest-corporations ranking, based on 2017 ranking list, we select the largest corporations. We then filter our search to select Africa-largest-corporations. A content analysis of the CSR reports and/or Websites of the sample companies was conducted to identify the motives for CSR practices, CSR managerial processes and stakeholder issues addressed in CSR reporting. Several of the “motives underlying CSR practices”, “CSR managerial processes” and “stakeholder issues addressed” in CSR reporting appear to converge around similar themes (or issues), given that all three sample companies operate in the financial services industry within the specificities of South Africa’s context. The findings suggest that the specificities of South Africa’s historical development and/or socio-cultural realities, legislation and industry charters are important factors that influence CSR (or sustainability) practices in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. Although, studies that mainly focus on the contents of corporate website are uncommon, this study has limitations as we solely relied on publicly accessible CSR reporting, rather than, for example, interviewing employees, customers (or clients) and/or regulators to verify the claims by the sample companies. As this study examines CSR website reporting practices by organisations, it provides a useful insight for competitor benchmarking that can be used by organisations to imrpove their CSR website reporting practices. This study contributes to extant CSR research as its provides empirical evidence of the contextuality of CSR in Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as explores how country- and industry-specific characteristics may influence CSR website reporting.