Sample Collection Methods Research Articles

Determination of Verification Parameters for Using the Manual Sampling Device for Fresh Raw Beef Trim

Multifaceted food safety systems are used by the beef processing industry to minimize risk of bacterial contamination of the finished product. These systems are comprised of several parts including the conditional release of product requiring a sample to produce a negative result on a pathogen test prior to sending the product into the food supply. The methods of sample collection require verification activities that ensure the sampling protocols are performed adequately. The research described herein was done to determine the parameters for use in verifying adequate beef trim sampling for the Manual Sampling Device (MSD) method. In addition, the efficacy of repeated sampling via multiple applications of the MSD procedure on a fresh raw beef trim combo was investigated. The results show that MSD sample collection thatcoversless than the entire combo surface, but at least one-halfof the combo surface and is collected for a minimum of 90 s, is adequate for the recovery of organisms and prevalence targets from fresh raw beef trim. In addition, the evidence that MSD sample collection thatoccurs forless than the recommended time, butnot less than 30 s per side of the swab, is adequate for the recovery of organisms and prevalence targets from raw beef trim. Finally, results show that in a scenario where an in-plant MSD sample and a regulatory MSD sample are required from the same combo, two MSD samples can be collected from the same combo bin with similar test results for both samples. While the recommended MSD protocol specifications will not be changed, the data presented herein provide support for some flexibility in accepting test results when verification activities indicate that sampling did not occur as specified in the recommended procedure.

Impact of filter material and holding time on spore sampling efficiency in water.

Bacillus anthracis and other environmentally persistent pathogens pose a significant threat to human and environmental health. If contamination is spread over a wide area (e.g. resulting from a bioterrorism or biowarfare incident), readily deployable and scalable sample collection methods will be necessary for rapidly developing and implementing effective remediation strategies. A recent surge in environmental (eDNA) sampling technologies could prove useful for quantifying the extent and levels of contamination from biological agents in environmental and drinking water. In this study, three commonly used membrane filtration materials (cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, and nylon) were evaluated for spore filtration efficiency, yielding recoveries from 17%-68% to 25%-117% for high and low titer samples, respectively, where cellulose nitrate filters generated the highest recoveries. A holding time test revealed no statistically significant differences between spore recoveries when analyzed at the specified timepoints, suggesting that eDNA filter sampling techniques can yield and maintain a relatively high recovery of spores for an extended period of time between filtration and analysis without a detrimental impact on spore recoveries. The results shown here indicate that emerging eDNA technologies could be leveraged for sampling following a wide-area contamination incident and for other microbiological water sampling applications.

Impact of sampling and data collection methods on maternity survey response: a randomised controlled trial of paper and push-to-web surveys and a concurrent social media survey

BackgroundNovel survey methods are needed to tackle declining response rates. The 2020 National Maternity Survey included a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and social media survey to compare different combinations of sampling and data collection methods with respect to: response rate, respondent representativeness, prevalence estimates of maternity indicators and cost.MethodsA two-armed parallel RCT and concurrent social media survey were conducted. Women in the RCT were sampled from ONS birth registrations and randomised to either a paper or push-to-web survey. Women in the social media survey self-selected through online adverts. The primary outcome was response rate in the paper and push-to-web surveys. In all surveys, respondent representativeness was assessed by comparing distributions of sociodemographic characteristics in respondents with those of the target population. External validity of prevalence estimates of maternity indicators was assessed by comparing weighted survey estimates with estimates from national routine data. Cost was also compared across surveys.ResultsThe response rate was higher in the paper survey (n = 2,446) compared to the push-to-web survey (n = 2,165)(30.6% versus 27.1%, difference = 3.5%, 95%CI = 2.1–4.9, p < 0.0001). Compared to the target population, respondents in all surveys were less likely to be aged < 25 years, of Black or Minority ethnicity, born outside the UK, living in disadvantaged areas, living without a partner and multiparous. Women in the social media survey (n = 1,316) were less representative of the target population compared to women in the paper and push-to-web surveys. For some maternity indicators, weighted survey estimates were close to estimates from routine data, for other indicators there were discrepancies; no survey demonstrated consistently higher external validity than the other two surveys. Compared to the paper survey, the cost saving per respondent was £5.45 for the push-to-web survey and £22.42 for the social media survey.ConclusionsPush-to-web surveys may cost less than paper surveys but do not necessarily result in higher response rates. Social media surveys cost significantly less than paper and push-to-web surveys, but sample size may be limited by eligibility criteria and recruitment window and respondents may be less representative of the target population. However, reduced representativeness does not necessarily introduce more bias in weighted survey estimates.

Engineering At-Home Dilution and Filtration Methods to Enable Paper-Based Colorimetric Biosensing in Human Blood with Cell-Free Protein Synthesis

Diagnostic blood tests can guide the administration of healthcare to save and improve lives. Most clinical biosensing blood tests require a trained technician and specialized equipment to process samples and interpret results, which greatly limits test accessibility. Colorimetric paper-based diagnostics have an equipment-free readout, but raw blood obscures a colorimetric response which has motivated diverse efforts to develop blood sample processing techniques. This work uses inexpensive readily-available materials to engineer user-friendly dilution and filtration methods for blood sample collection and processing to enable a proof-of-concept colorimetric biosensor that is responsive to glutamine in 50 µL blood drop samples in less than 30 min. Paper-based user-friendly blood sample collection and processing combined with CFPS biosensing technology represents important progress towards the development of at-home biosensors that could be broadly applicable to personalized healthcare.

Sample Collection Methods in Upper Gastrointestinal Research.

In recent years, significant translational research advances have been made in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) research field. Endoscopic evaluation is a reasonable option for acquiring upper GI tissue for research purposes because it has minimal risk and can be applied to unresectable gastric cancer. The optimal number of biopsy samples and sample storage is crucial and might influence results. Furthermore, the methods for sample acquisition can be applied differently according to the research purpose; however, there have been few reports on methods for sample collection from endoscopic biopsies. In this review, we suggested a protocol for collecting study samples for upper GI research, including microbiome, DNA, RNA, protein, single-cell RNA sequencing, and organoid culture, through a comprehensive literature review. For microbiome analysis, one or two pieces of biopsied material obtained using standard endoscopic forceps may be sufficient. Additionally, 5 mL of gastric fluid and 3-4 mL of saliva is recommended for microbiome analyses. At least one gastric biopsy tissue is necessary for most DNA or RNA analyses, while proteomics analysis may require at least 2-3 biopsy tissues. Single cell-RNA sequencing requires at least 3-5 tissues and additional 1-2 tissues, if possible. For successful organoid culture, multiple sampling is necessary to improve the quality of specimens.

Survival Strategy of the Fisherman Community Against Weather Changes in Tandurusa Village, Aertembaga District Bitung City

The aim of this research is to identify and examine the strategies of the fishing community in Tandurusa Village to survive in the face of weather changes. This research was conducted to obtain data that can be used as a reference in strategies and empowerment models to deal with weather changes which certainly greatly influence fishermen's catches which ultimately affects the household economy. This research was conducted in Tandurusa Village, Aertembaga District, Bitung City using a case study method. The population in this study were all fishermen in Tandurusa Village. The data collection technique was carried out using a sampling method, and the sample collection method used a purposive sampling method. The number of samples to be taken is 10% of the total population, namely 28 people. The data collected is in the form of primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection techniques using observation and interviews guided by questionnaires. The data obtained was analyzed using quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the research carried out, the results obtained were that: Weather changes that occur every year can cause changes in the economy of fishermen's families. When the weather is friendly, it is often called harvest season because fishermen catch enough to fulfill all their household's living needs. On the other hand, when the weather changes, where strong winds and big waves, fishermen cannot go to sea to catch fish, so there is no income to support their living expenses. they. Situations like this make fishermen and their families look for ways or strategies to survive. There are 3 strategies used by fishermen in Tandurusa Village, Aertembaga District, Bitung City to survive. The three strategies are active strategy, passive strategy and network strategy, all three strategies are used and even combined according to the needs and situation and conditions of the fishing family faced at that time. The active strategy that fishing families use is to seek additional income outside of fishing at sea. Some fishing families are brave, trade, become motorbike taxi drivers, transport workers, construction workers and so on. The passive strategy used by fishing families is to save or reduce all living costs that can still be reduced as much as possible. Meanwhile, the last strategy used by fishing families to survive is the networking strategy, namely seeking loans from family, relatives, cooperatives, banks or others to maintain their family's lives.

Repurchase intention of e-commerce customers in Indonesia: An overview of the effect of e-service quality, e-word of mouth, customer trust, and customer satisfaction mediation

The rapid development of e-commerce in Indonesia makes the competition in this business increasingly fierce. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of e-service quality, e-word of mouth (e-WOM), customer trust on customer satisfaction on e-commerce customers in Indonesia, then the study aims to determine and analyze the effect of e-service quality, e-word of mouth (e-WOM), customer trust and customer satisfaction on the repurchase intention of e-commerce customers in Indonesia. The study also aims to determine and analyze the mediating role of customer satisfaction on the relationship between e-service quality, e-word of mouth (e-WOM), and customer trust in repurchase intentions. The research is quantitative by distributing questionnaires to respondents; the sample collection method is purposive sampling. The number of samples used was 344 e-commerce consumers from Shopee, Tokopedia, Lazada, and Bukalapak throughout Indonesia. Data processing is applied by using the SmartPLS 3 Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method. The results of this study indicate that there was a positive and significant effect of e-service quality on customer satisfaction, there was a positive and significant effect of e-WOM on customer satisfaction, customer trust had a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction, e-service quality had no significant effect on purchase intention, e-WOM had a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention, customer trust had no significant effect on repurchase intention, e-service quality had a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention through customer satisfaction, e-WOM had a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention through customer satisfaction, customers trust had a positive and significant impact on repurchase intention through customer satisfaction.

The role of e-billing and e-SPT implementation on user satisfaction of e-filing taxpayers

The study investigates the effects of system quality and service quality on e-filing user satisfaction as well as the effect of information quality on e-filing user satisfaction through quantitative research. The variables in this study consist of the dependent variable, namely e-filing user satisfaction, while the independent variables are system quality, information quality, and service quality. The population in this study is the taxpayer. The sample in this study includes 340 taxpayer respondents in Indonesia who were calculated using the Slovin formula, with the research instrument in the form of a questionnaire measured using a Likert scale 1 to 7. The sample collection technique in this study uses the incidental sampling method, with the research instrument using an online questionnaire distributed via social media. The sample collection method in this study used incidental sampling. The data analysis technique in this study used structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0 software tools. The results of this study indicate that system quality has a positive effect on e-filing user satisfaction. Information quality also has a positive effect on e-filing user satisfaction. Finally, service quality has a positive effect on e-filing user satisfaction.

A feasible protocol to profile bile acids in dried blood spots from rats using a UHPLC-MS/MS method combining a surrogate matrix.

Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a promising method for microliter blood sample collection with the advantages of convenient transportation, storage and clinical operations. However, it is challenging to develop an analytical protocol to determine endogenous metabolites, such as bile acids (BAs) in DBSs, due to the low-blood-volume character of DBSs and the complex features of filter paper. Herein, we developed a method of fast ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to profile and quantify BAs in DBSs. The pretreatment methods were optimized and a two-step solvent addition method, where a small amount of water was firstly added to moisten the DBS and then methanol was added, showed high extraction efficiency for multiple BAs in DBSs. The UHPLC-MS/MS conditions were optimized and 35BAs in different types could be profiled with good resolution and quantified with acceptable precision and accuracy. Preparation of a DBS surrogate matrix without endogenous BAs has been well developed using rat erythrocytes in BSA solution and showed good performance on both the signal suppression/enhancement percentage and parallelism assessment evaluation of three different stable-isotope-labeled (SIL) BAs. The established protocol was successfully applied to profile BAs in DBSs of intrahepatic cholestasis model and healthy control rats with good repeatability. To our knowledge, it is the first time that 35 BAs in DBSs could be well profiled and an appropriate DBS surrogate matrix has been developed. This protocol presents future-oriented applications of DBSs for relevant preclinical studies to profile BAs and probe biomarkers.

Faktor-Faktor yang mempengaruhi Return Saham pada Perusahaan Food and Beverages

The purpose of this research is to test and analyze empirically the factors that influence stock returns. The object of this research is a food and beverage company that is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 5 years, the 2016-2020 period. The sample collection method used in this study was purposive sampling. There were 17 companies selected as the final sample that met the criteria and obtained 85 observational data as samples. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and panel data regression techniques, with a random effect model to test the hypothesis. The results of this study indicate that return on assets has a positive effect on stock returns. Meanwhile, return on equity, current ratio, debt to equity ratio, price earning ratio, and company size do not affect stock returns.

Quantification of Heavy Metal Deposition in Lichen Species of Kathmandu Valley

Heavy metal pollution in urban areas is the major concern of every rapidly growing nation. The main aim of this study was to determine the heavy metal concentration around Kathmandu valley using locally growing lichens species. The study was conducted by random sample collection method throughout Kathmandu, at the interval of 2km considering Tri- Chandra College as reference point in four geographical directions based on radial distribution pattern. In this study, we quantified Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Chromium (Cr) in Pyxine cocoes, Arthopyrenia sp, Caloplaca sp, and Hypotrachya revolute collected from Kathmandu valley. The samples were subjected to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for heavy metal determination. High concentrations of heavy metals were detected in areas that experience a high influx of vehicles like the Swayambhu area, Pepsicola area, and Lagankhel area. The areas further away from heavy traffic roads showed a significantly low amount of heavy metal concentration. The study provides an insight into the current state of heavy metals in Kathmandu valley, which in high concentration can be detrimental to the health of living organisms.

PENGARUH PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP PENJUALAN UMKM

2020 is the year when the COVID-19 pandemic spreads to Indonesia. The Indonesian government is trying to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus by establishing PSBB and PPKM. The current PPKM policy affects the accommodation and sales sectors due to the lack of space to operate. This resulted in a decrease in revenue in sales. The marketing mix is ​​a marketing component that is effectively used in the business of selling culinary, fashion, services, and online shops. This study aims to determine the effect of the marketing mix on the influence of UMKM sales in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The marketing mix studied included; products, promotions, people and processes. This research model is a case study by choosing UMKM as the object of this research. This research was conducted in the areas of Sidoarjo and Lamongan where there are UMKM sales under study. Data collection was taken using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 43 respondents who sold UMKM. The sample collection method used is based on a non-probability technique, namely the convenience sampling technique. Data collection through a questionnaire took place for two days on 21-22 September 2021. The analytical method used is simple linear regression analysis and analyzed through the SPSS tool. The results found from the research are variable X is the COVID-19 pandemic while variable Y is the result of increasing UMKM sales or not.

ANALISIS KEMANDIRIAN DAN EFEKTIVITAS KEUANGAN DAERAH KABUPATEN DAN KOTA DI PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PANDEMI COVID-19

The presence of Covid-19 in the early 2000 shocked Indonesia in many aspects. The performance of regional governments in terms of of local budget management was questionable during the pandemic period. The purpose of this study is to analyze impact of Covid-19 pandemic to financial performance in regencies and cities under South Sumatera jurisdiction. This research is analysing the differences of financial independence ratio and financial effectiveness ratio of districts and cities in South Sumatera between before and post-COVID-19 pandemic period. The type of this research is quantitative research in form of comparative research by using saturated sampling. The data collection method which used by author are library method and non-behavioral observation method. The data process method which used by author are analysis method with using t-test and sample collection method. The final results of this research are there are no significant differences for financial independence ratio and there are significant differences for financial effectiveness ratio of districts and cities in South Sumatera between before and after COVID-19 pandemic

Analisis terhadap Peranan Digital Marketing pada Media Sosial Perbankan: Studi Eksplorasi Penerimaan Konsumen

Consumer perception through digital marketing has become one of the important factors in banking in the city of Batam to be known by marketers. Digital marketing at Rural Credit Banks (BPR) makes this possible to explore banner preferences for digital marketing, social media banking for digital marketing and prioritizing website banking for consumer perceptions through digital marketing from all banks in Batam City in part or thorough. The sample collection method is a quantitative approach (Quantitative Research) and qualitative with a purposive sampling technique on active banking customers in Batam City. This study reveals that the role of social media banking has a significant effect on digital marketing with an acceptance index of 69.5% which refers to the quite satisfactory category.

Family Support for Postpartum Blues

Background: As many as 50-70% of all postpartum women in Indonesia experience postpartum blues and this can lead to postpartum depression with varying amounts from 5% to more than 25%. Involving the family during the postpartum period is one of the efforts that can be made to prevent postpartum blues. This is because family support is a preventive strategy to reduce stress in postpartum mothers.Objectives: To find out the relation between family support and the incidence of postpartum blues in the Rahmah Room at PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong Hospital.Design: This research is a quantitative study with a correlational design with a cross sectional approach. The total population in this study were 200 postpartum mothers. Based on the large sample slovin formula, there were 133 respondents in this study. The sample collection method used is purposive sampling, which is a sampling technique by determining certain criteria. In analyzing data in a bivariate manner, data testing was carried out using the Kendal Tau correlation test with a significant level of 95%.Data Sources: primary data sources and data collection using family support questionnaires and EPDS measurement sheetsResults: The results showed that there was a relation between family support and the incidence of postpartum blues in the Rahmah Room at PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong Hospital with a p-value of 0.001 0.05.Conclusions: There is a relation between husband's support and the incidence of postpartum blues in the Rahmah Room at PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong Hospital.

The Enrichment of Specific Hair Follicle-Associated Cell Populations in Plucked Hairs Offers an Opportunity to Study Gene Expression Underlying Hair Traits

Gene expression differences can assist in characterizing important underlying genetic mechanisms between different phenotypic traits. However, when population-dense tissues are studied, the signals from scarce populations are diluted. Therefore, appropriately choosing a sample collection method that enriches a particular type of effector cells might yield more specific results. To address this issue, we performed a polyA-selected RNA-seq experiment of domestic horse (Equus ferus caballus) plucked-hair samples and skin biopsies. Then, we layered the horse gene abundance results against cell type-specific marker genes generated from a scRNA-seq supported with spatial mapping of laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) skin to identify the captured populations. The hair-plucking and skin-biopsy sample-collection methods yielded comparable quality and quantity of RNA-seq results. Keratin-related genes, such as KRT84 and KRT75, were among the genes that showed higher abundance in plucked hairs, while genes involved in cellular processes and enzymatic activities, such as MGST1, had higher abundance in skin biopsies. We found an enrichment of hair-follicle keratinocytes in plucked hairs, but detected an enrichment of other populations, including epidermis keratinocytes, in skin biopsies. In mammalian models, biopsies are often the method of choice for a plethora of gene expression studies and to our knowledge, this is a novel study that compares the cell-type enrichment between the non-invasive hair-plucking and the invasive skin-biopsy sample-collection methods. Here, we show that the non-invasive and ethically uncontroversial plucked-hair method is recommended depending on the research question. In conclusion, our study will allow downstream -omics approaches to better understand integumentary conditions in both health and disease in horses as well as other mammals.

Executive Character and Tax Behavior in Property and Real Estate Sector: An Empirical Study

This study investigates the relationship between executive character, capital intensity, and tax behavior in property and real estate service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2016 to 2019. The research aims to examine the impact of executive character and capital intensity on both tax avoidance and tax aggressiveness within the sector. Purposive sampling was employed, resulting in a sample size of 15 IDX-listed property and real estate service companies. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS program. The findings reveal that executive character significantly influences tax avoidance in the IDX property sector, while capital intensity also has a significant effect on tax avoidance in this sector. Furthermore, executive character significantly impacts tax aggressiveness in the IDX property sector. However, capital intensity was found to have no effect on tax aggressiveness in the same sector. These results provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers by highlighting the role of executive character and capital intensity in shaping tax behavior within the property and real estate industry.&#x0D; Highlights:&#x0D; &#x0D; The study examines the influence of executive character and capital intensity on tax behavior in the property and real estate sector.&#x0D; Findings show that executive character significantly affects tax avoidance and tax aggressiveness in the sector.&#x0D; Capital intensity has a significant impact on tax avoidance, but not on tax aggressiveness, within the property and real estate industry.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Executive character, Capital intensity, Tax behavior, Property sector, Real estate sector.

The relationship between the role of nurses and the satisfaction of patients and families of pulmonary tuberculosis sufferers in the treatment room of Jayapura city hospital

This study aims to determine the relationship between the role of nurses and patient and family satisfaction in nursing services at Jayapura City Hospital from the Feasibility Aspect (feasibility). Research Methods: This type of study is analytical observational with a cross-sectional design with a sample of 100 people consisting of 50 patients and 50 patient families. The sample collection method is accidental sampling. The selected statistical test analysis technique is the chi square test. Results: The results showed that the age of the most respondents was between 31-45 years (46%), the most types of gender were men 56%, the most education was high school, namely 37%, the level of satisfaction of patients and families with satisfied health facilities amounted to 67%, satisfaction with health services and nursing in the pulmonary room was satisfied (56%). The results of the cross-tabulation of bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between the role of the nurse and the satisfaction of patients and families which was assessed from the dimension of reliability with p-value (0.000), dimension of responsiveness (0.001 ), dimension of empathy (0.001), dimension of assurance (0.000), and dimension of physical evidence (0.000). Conclusion: there is a relationship between the role of nurses and the satisfaction of patients and families of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at Hopspital Treatment in the Jayapura City Hospital.

Examining The Effect of Psychological Factors Towards Consumers’ Groceries Purchasing Decision at Aeon Serpong BSD

Studying core elements of marketing science and customer behaviour is a crucial feature that any businessman should have. Consumer behaviour is a process that is inextricably linked to the presence of a purchasing process. A businessman frequently has difficulties accurately understanding and assessing customer demands and behaviour owing to the numerous aspects that impact consumer behaviour, and each consumer has a different behavior. This study aims to examine the influence of psychological factors such as motivation, perception, personality, and attitude towards consumers’ groceries purchasing decision at Aeon BSD. The population in this study were Aeon BSD customers. The sampling technique used was convenience sampling and data collection methods through an online questionnaire to 260 respondents who fit the population criteria. Based on the results of this study indicate that attitude has the most significant effect on consumers’ purchasing decisions, followed by perception, and personality.

RELIGIOSITY AND TAX COMPLIANCE: DOES TAX KNOWLEDGE IS MATTER?

This research examines the influence of religiosity on tax compliance and whether tax knowledge moderates the relationship between religiosity and tax compliance. This research used a quantitative approach. Purposive sampling was used as the sample collection method. The questionnaires were distributed electronically to 124 taxpayers domiciled in Karawang. The statistical analysis used in this research is structural equation modeling. The results show that religiosity has a significant positive effect on tax compliance. Furthermore, it moderated the role of tax knowledge on the relationship between religiosity and tax compliance. Therefore, the tax knowledge variable can strengthen the relationship between religiosity and tax compliance. The result highlighted the importance of conducting tax socialization which in turn imposes on tax knowledge. If the taxpayer has a good understanding of the tax rules and procedures, it will encourage compliance.