Sambiloto Extract Research Articles

Synthesis of silver (Ag) nano/micro-particles via green process using Andrographis paniculata leaf extract as a bio-reducing agent

In this work silver nano/micro-particles have been synthesized using sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) plant extract as a bio-reducing agent. The effects of different plant extract concentrations, AgNO3 precursor concentrations, and reaction time on the synthesized silver nano/micro-particles were investigated. The silver nano/micro-particles samples were then analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The UV-Vis absorbance spectrum of the colloid silver nano/micro-particles exhibited that all samples had absorbance peaks at a wavelength around 450 nm, confirming the formation of silver nano/micro-particles. It was also found that the UV-Vis absorbance peak of the silver nano/micro-particles inversely increased with decreasing AgNO3 solution concentration. Whereas, the higher the sambiloto extract concentration the higher the UV-Vis absorbance peaks. The UV-Vis absorbance peak increased with increasing synthesis time, suggesting that silver nano/micro-particles became more prominent. The UV-Vis absorbance peaks of the silver nano/micro-particles were about 0.0462, 0.0637, 0.0729, and 0.0936 at reaction time of 5, 10, 20, and 40 min, respectively. The XRD analysis result confirmed that the synthesized silver nano/micro-particles were in the form of nanocrystals with a face-centered cubic centered without any impurities. Additionally, the FESEM images showed that the silver nano/micro-particles had the primary particle size of 150-300 nm. There was the formation of some secondary particles with the size of about 0.7-1.5?m due to the agglomeration of primary particles. The particle size distribution analysis further confirmed the presence of primary and secondary particles. Meanwhile, the FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of four main peaks, linked to functional groups in the sambiloto extract and involved in the creation of silver nano/micro-particles.

The Impact of Sambiloto Extract (Andrographis paniculata) as a Potential Antidiabetic Treatment

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease caused by an inappropriate increase in blood glucose levels. The development of traditional medicines, including extracts, fractions, and isolates from plants, remains highly intriguing and challenging. Andrographis paniculata is a one of medicinal plants with a long history of use in Asia for the treatment of various ailments. Andrographolide, a bioactive compound found in A. paniculata, has been extensively studied for its medicinal benefits, specifically its antidiabetic effects. This study employs a literature review approach to investigate the effect of Sambiloto extract (Andrographis paniculata) as an antidiabetic medication using Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed databases. The publication year range for the literature data sources is from 2020 to 2024. Based on the conducted searches, three reference journals are included in this study. Andrographolide, the active compound contained in Sambiloto, may act as an antidiabetic medication through various mechanisms, thus representing a potential treatment for diabetes mellitus.

THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS LOCATION AND SOLVENT TO SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES

Background: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) is one of the traditional medicines that contain multiple phytochemical compounds. Phytochemical compounds can be influenced by growing location. Every location has its characteristic that affects the metabolic process of phytochemical compounds. Apart from that, the extraction solvent also plays an essential role in attracting compounds in sambiloto. The solvent is related to the polarity and can affect the phytochemical profile. Objective: This research aims to determine the effect of the growing location and extraction solvent of sambiloto on its phytochemical profile. Methods: Sambiloto from Denpasar (Dps), Sukoharjo (Skj), and Sleman (Slm) was extracted (1:10 w/v) using ultrasonic-assisted extraction in methanol 100% (MeOH100) and methanol 50% (MeOH50). In water solvents, extraction is carried out using the infusion method. Fingerprint analysis using HPTLC-Densitometry. The data obtained was analyzed further using principal component analysis (PCA). Results: Fingerprint analysis obtained peak data that varied in each extraction solvent. There are four major peaks in the chromatogram profile of each solvent. The peak chromatogram for each solvent also shows differences at each location. PCA analysis shows that the phytochemical content of sambiloto extract is divided into three main clusters. The distribution of the clusters is based on variations in the extraction solvent. Variations in growing location for each sambiloto also influence its phytochemical profile. However, these variations are still in the same quadrant for each solvent. Conclusion: The solvent determines more variations in the phytochemical profile of sambiloto extract than the growing location.
 Keywords: Sambiloto; Solvent; Location; Phytochemical; Principal Component Analysis

Optimizing Gel Formulations Using Carbopol 940 and Sodium Alginate Containing Andrographis paniculata Extract for Burn-Wound Healing

Background: Sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) contain andrographolide (diterpene lactone), flavonoids, quinic acid, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, which act as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound healing. Objective: This study optimizes the gelling ingredient in Sambiloto extract gel preparations (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Ness) as a wound healer in male Wistar rats. The gelling agent is an important component that can affect active substance release. Methods: Formula optimization was developed using the Regular Two-Level 22 Factorial Design method in Design-Expert 12 software. This study used 0.5%-1% carbopol 940 and 1%-5% sodium alginate. Carbopol 940 and Sodium Alginate have different characteristics, so they need to be optimized to produce a gel with good characteristics. Results: Physical property evaluation using factorial design revealed the optimal formula at 0.5% carbopol and 5% sodium alginate, with average pH, viscosity, and adhesion values of 5.17 ± 0.04; 2934.452±286.871 cPs; and 194.236±3.684 s. Centrifugation and cycling tests indicated no organoleptic changes, phase separation, or significant changes in pH. ANOVA analysis showed that the gel with 10% Sambiloto leaf extract had similar burn healing activity to the positive control, with a recovery rate of 99.72 ± 0.47% in 20 days. Scabs formed on the 8th day and peeled off on the 12th day. Conclusion: Sambiloto extract gel in the optimum formula has the potential to be developed as a burn wound-healing drug.

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees extract ameliorates insulin resistance in the insulin-resistant HepG2 cells via GLUT2/IRS-1 pathway

Hyperglycaemia is one condition related to inflammation leading to insulin signalling impairment. This study was conducted to investigate the insulin sensitivity improvement of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.)) Nees extract in insulin resistance-induced HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells by stimulating insulin sensitivities and inhibiting inflammatory response. Sambiloto extract at 2 µg/mL revealed glucose uptake stimulation and up-regulating GLUT-2 and IRS-1 gene expression, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 gene expression in IR-HepG2 cells. Phytochemical analysis showed that the total phenolic level and andrografolide content of Sambiloto extract were 2.91 ± 0.04% and 1.95%, respectively. This result indicated that Sambiloto extract ameliorated insulin resistance in high glucose-induced IR-HepG2 cells via modulating the IRS-1/GLUT-2 pathway due to IL-6 inhibition. These findings suggested that Sambiloto extract had potency as an anti-inflammatory and insulin-resistance improvement in IR-HepG2 cells.

The effect of sambiloto leaf (Andrographis paniculata Nees) extract inhibitor concentration on the corrosion rate of iron in the corrosive HCl medium and well water

Corrosion is a chemical reaction between metal and chemical substances in free air influenced by typographical conditions, climate, and humidity levels around the metal object. If left unchecked, it can cause damage to the metal infrastructure, material losses, and harm in terms of safety and security. Therefore, a way to inhibit corrosion is needed by creating an environmentally friendly inhibitor from natural materials. One of them is by utilizing Sambiloti leaf as a natural inhibitor. Sambiloto leaves contain tannins which can inhibit corrosion well. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of Sambiloto leaves ethanol extract in inhibiting the corrosion rate of metals in the corrosive medium of well water. HCl was soaked for seven days to determine the correlation between the corrosion rate and extract concentration in different corrosive media. Sambiloto leaves were extracted using the soxhletation method using 96% ethanol solution, then distilled to obtain a pure extract. Sambiloto leaf extract was then varied in concentration, namely 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The corrosive medium is well water and HCl, and the metal material used is nails. The results showed that adding Sambiloto extract with a concentration of 15% in both corrosive mediums had the highest inhibitor efficiency values, namely 97.32% in the corrosive HCl medium and 69.3% in the corrosive well water medium. The results of the regression analysis showed that the addition of Sambiloto extract had a significant effect on the corrosion rate in well water media. In contrast, in the HCl medium, the addition of Sambiloto extract did not significantly affect the corrosion rate.

Comparison of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) Extract and Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.) Extract on Blood Profile of Animal Model Infected with Salmonella

Salmonella Pullorum is the cause of Pullorum disease. The misuse of antimicrobials has resulted in the evolution of resistant strains. Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) and Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.) contain compounds that are efficacious as antibacterial and immunomodulatory. This study aims to analyze the comparison of meniran extract and sambiloto extract on the blood profile of broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Pullorum. This study was conducted by making Meniran and Sambiloto extracts. Phytochemicals screening (alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, andrographolide, steroids and triterpenoids) of extracts, isolation and identification of Salmonella Pullorum and in vivo study were then conducted. The in vivo study was experimental research with completely randomized design that divided broiler chickens into treatment groups: P0- (chickens were not infected), P0+ (chickens were infected with Salmonella Pullorum), PAB (chickens were infected with Salmonella Pullorum and given Enrofloxacin Antibiotics) then treatment P1 Meniran, P2 Meniran, P3 Meniran (chickens were infected with Salmonella Pullorum and, in order, given meniran extract of 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations) and P1 Sambiloto, P2 Sambiloto, P3 Sambiloto (chickens were infected with Salmonella Pullorum and, in order, given sambiloto extract of 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations). Data in the form of blood profile was then analyzed statistically by ANOVA test and continued with Duncan's test. This study shows that Meniran and Sambiloto extract has immunomodulator properties that have good impact in restoring blood profile of broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Pullorum. The comparison shows that Meniran extract has better antibacterial activity on blood profile of broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Pullorum compared to Sambiloto extract.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nano/Micro-Particles Using <i>Sambiloto</i> (<i>Andrographis paniculata</i>) Leaves Extract: Effect of AgNO<sub>3</sub> Solution Concentrations

Silver nano/micro particles have been successfully produced via biosynthesis using sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) leaves extract as the reductor agent. The obejctive of current was to study the effect of four different AgNO3 solution concentrations (i.e. 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 M) on the production of silver nano/micro particles via biosynthtesis. The sambiloto extract concentration used in this study was 0.5% w/v. The silver nano/micro particles produced via biosynthesis was characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The UV-Vis analysis results showed that absorbance peaks for all four samples were observed at wavelength around 450 nm, which can be attributed to the presence silver nano/microparticles. The absorbance peak values for all samples were 0.1115; 0.0876; 0.052; 0.0424 for AgNO3 solution concentration of 0.0125; 0.025; 0.05; 0.075 M, respectively. The UV-Vis analysis results could also qualitatively conclude that the size of silver nano/micro particles produced at lower AgNO3 solution concentration were smaller than the size of silver nano/micro particles produced at higher AgNO3 solution concentration. In the other hand, SEM image showed that the size of silver particles prepared using AgNO3 solution concentration of 0.075 M was in the range of 5 – 10 μm, hence it can be called silver micro-particles. It was assumed that the size of silver nano/micro particles produced at higher AgNO3 solution concentration were bigger than the size of silver nano/micro particles produced at lower AgNO3 solution concentration.

Broiler Chicken Performance Given Moringa (Moringa oliefera Lam) and Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Leaf Extract in Drinking Water

This study aimed to determine the response of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera) and Sambiloto extract (Andrographis paniculata) in drinking water on the performance of broiler chickens. The research was carried out at the Animal Practice Uni) of the Karanganyar Animal Husbandry Academy. The research material was broiler chickens aged 4 days with an initial weight of 93.7 grams/head, as many as 60 chickens with 4 treatments and 3 replications for each replication of 5 chickens. The treatment applied was the administration of Moringa leaf extract and sambiloto as much as 5 ml/liter of drinking water, namely: T0: control treatment, T1: administration of bitter extract, T2: administration of Moringa and bitter extract (1: 1), and T3: administration of Moringa extract. The variables observed were broiler chicken performance including drinking water consumption, feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using a completely randomized design with a unidirectional pattern, the differences between treatments were calculated using the Duncan Multiple Region Test. The results showed that feed consumption was significantly different (P<0.05), drinking water consumption was not significantly different (P>0.05), body weight gain was significantly different (P<0.05), and feed conversion was significantly different (P<0.05). Feed consumption (grams/head/day) T0 = 95.23; T1= 91.4; T2 = 90.19 and T3 = 85.32, drinking water consumption (ml/head/day) T0 = 209.07; T1= 196.18; T2 = 196.49 and T3 = 197.04, body weight gain (grams/head/day) T0 = 62.16; T1= 61.18; T2 = 61.78 and T3 = 63.90, feed conversion T0 = 1.53; T1= 1.49; T2 = 1.46 and T3 = 1.34. The conclusion of this study was the administration of Moringa leaf extract and sambiloto affects the performance of broiler chickens.

The Effect of Suplementation of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Extract Through Drinking Water on Total Erythrocytes and Total Leucocytes of Broiler

The aim of this study was to determine the effect and the best dose of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) extract supplementation on total erythrocytes and total leukocytes in broilers. The study was conducted for 6 months, May – October 2021. Maintenance and treatment of broilers for 30 days was carried out at the Karang Anyar Farm broiler cage unit in Karang Anyar Village, Jati Agung District, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. The experimental study used a completely randomized design with five treatments. Each treatment consisted of 25 broilers of the Cobb CP 707 strain which were divided into 5 cages, so a total of 125 broilers in 25 cages. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) as an immunomodulator was added to drinking water with different doses according to broiler body weight, namely drinking water without a liquid extract of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) (P0); drinking water with Sambiloto liquid extract 0.05 cc/kg BW (3 mg/kg BW) (P1); 0.1 cc/kg BW (6 mg/kg BW) (P2); 0.2 cc/kg BW (12 mg/kg BW) (P3); 0.4 cc/kg BW (24 mg/kg BW) (P4). Total of 25 blood samples from 30-day-old broiler were taken through the brachial vein using a 3 mL syringe and stored in a 5 mL EDTA tube. Calculation of total erythrocytes and total leukocytes at the Palembang Health Laboratory and then the data were analyzed descriptively. The highest total erythrocyte in broilers was P0, the lowest was P4, the mean total erythrocyte was within normal limits for all treatments. The highest broiler leukocyte total was P2, the lowest was P3, the average total leukocyte for all treatments was above the normal range. The active compound in Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is andrographolide which can act as an immunostimulant for specific and non-specific immune functions through NK cells, macrophages, and cytokine induction. The flavonoid content in sambiloto will also send intracellular signals to cell receptors to increase its activity when immune system activity is reduced which can increase the production of IL-2 thereby increasing lymphocyte proliferation, increasing the proliferation and differentiation of B and NK cells. The conclusion was that supplementation of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) extract through drinking water can maintain the number of erythrocytes within normal limits and increase the number of leukocytes as an immune response after vaccination with the best supplementation dose in drinking water of 6 mg/kg BW which is equivalent to a volume of 0.1 cc/liquid extract. kg BB broiler.

Potential of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) Extract against Salmonella Pullorum

Background: Salmonella Pullorum are pathogenic bacteria that causes salmonellosis and causes heavy economic losses in the poultry industry and are zoonotic. Treatment of diseases caused by bacteria generally use antibiotics, but excessive administration of antibiotics causes bacterial resistance and residues in livestock. Major chemical constituents of Sambiloto are andrographolide and flavonoids. Andrographolide has antibacterial effect in addition to being antitoxic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiallergic. Methods: The research was conducted by isolating and identifying Salmonella Pullorum on SSA media and a series of biochemical tests (TSIA, SIM, SCA, urea media and sugar test), manufacturing sambiloto extract, testing the sensitivity of several antibiotics using the disk diffusion method and testing the activation of sambiloto extract against Salmonella Pullorum using the disk diffusion and dilution methods. Result: The result show that sambiloto had antibacterial activity because it contained andrographolide, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and tannins and the lowest extract dose that effectively killed Salmonella Pullorum is concentrations of 20%.

Effects of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) on GLP-1 and DPP-4 Concentrations between Normal and Prediabetic Subjects: A Crossover Study.

Background The extract of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex. Nees. (sambiloto) (穿心蓮 chuān xīn lián) has been reported to have an antidiabetic effect on mice models and has been used traditionally in the community. The exact mechanism of sambiloto extract in decreasing plasma glucose is unclear, so we investigated the role of sambiloto extract in the incretin pathway in healthy and prediabetic subjects. Methods This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blind trial. It included 38 people who were healthy and 35 people who had prediabetes. All subjects were randomly assigned to receive either the intervention sambiloto extract or a placebo. All subjects were randomly assigned to receive the first intervention for 14 days. There was a washout period between subsequent interventions. The primary outcome was glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentration, and secondary outcomes were fasting insulin, 2-hour postprandial insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), and glycated albumin before and after the intervention. Result After the intervention, GLP-1 concentration significantly increased in prediabetes by 19.6% compared to the placebo (p=0.043). There were no significant differences in the changes of fasting insulin, 2-hour postprandial insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, DPP-4, and glycated albumin levels after the intervention. Sambiloto extract did not inhibit the DPP-4 enzyme in healthy and prediabetic subjects. Conclusion Sambiloto extract increased GLP-1 concentration without inhibiting the DPP-4 enzyme in prediabetic subjects. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03455049), registered on 6 March 2018—retrospectively registered (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03455049).

Open Clinical Trial of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Ethanolic Extract Capsules in Treatment of Malaria Patients in Batubara District, Indonesia.

Malaria infection is still a public health problem in Indonesia. One of the problems in combating malaria in Indonesia is the limited kind of antimalarial drugs provided by the government. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) extract has been shown to have antimalarial activity in human clinical trials. To assess the ability of a single A. paniculata ethanolic extract capsule to treat malaria in humans caused by Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax alone or mixed infections of both. An open clinical trial was conducted in Batubara District, Sumatra Utara Province, Indonesia, a malaria-endemic area. Sixty-nine malaria patients found in the field were diagnosed microscopically as malaria vivax, malaria falciparum, and mixed infections uncomplicated malaria with 12 years old and above. Previously all patients signed informed consent. All patients have been treated with A. paniculata ethanolic extract capsules 250 mg thrice a day for five days. Parasite density was calculated from D0, D1, D2, D3, D7, D14, and D28. The efficacy of A . paniculata ethanolic extract capsules 250 mg thrice a day for five days against malaria vivax, malaria falciparum, and mixed malaria patients was 94.2%. There are no side effects were found during treatment. A. paniculata ethanolic extract can be used as an alternative antimalarial candidate derived from native Indonesian medicinal plants or as an adjunct in standard treatment for malaria.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) terhadap Income Over Feed Cost Ayam Broiler

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of giving kelor (Moringa oleifera) leaf and Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) extracts on income over the feed cost of broiler chickens. The material used is 60 DOC (day old chicken) strain ross on average initial weight 93.7 g/head. The study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications, and each treatment using the five chickens. The treatment consisted of feeding 5 ml/liter of Moringa leaf and Sambiloto extract, T0: control treatment, T1: bitter extract, T2: Moringa and bitter extract (1:1), T3: Moringa extract. The parameters observed were fed consumption, drinking water consumption, feed conversion ratio, feed cost per gain, and income per feed cost. Feed cost per gain and income per feed cost were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that drinking water consumption ((196,18-209,07 ml/head/day) was not significantly different. The lowest feed consumption (85,32 g/head/day) and feed conversion (1,34) were found in the treatment of Moringa extracts. The lowest feed cost per gain (Rp/kg) was the treatment with Moringa leaf extract, the highest income over feed cost (Rp. 9.358,84/kg) was the administration of Moringa extract. It can be concluded that Moringa leaf extract gave the best results on feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, feed cost per gain, and income over feed cost.

Efektivitas Pengendalian Penyakit Tungro secara Terpadu dengan Pendekatan Pengendalian Biointensif

<p>Tungro disease is one of the obstacles to increase the national rice production program. In some areas, this important disease is endemic. On the one hand, some farmers in controlling plant pests and diseases still use pesticides, which negatively impact health and the environment. On the other hand, environmentally friendly tungro disease control technology is available. This study aims to determine an environmentally friendly integrated control technique for tungro disease consisting of resistant varieties, biopesticides, and conservation of natural enemies with flowering plants in suppressing green leafhopper populations and the incidence of tungro transmission in infection-sensitive plant stage. The test area is located in Lanrang,Sidrap at the Experimental field of Tungro Disease Research Station, Lanrang Sidrap, South Sulawesi, Indonesia from April to September 2017, using a split-plot design. Main plots are: 1) Biointensive control plots, using flowering plants (refugia) and pest control with andrometa which is a mixture of the entomopathogenic fungus Metharizium anisopliae and sambiloto extract; 2) Conventional plots, without flowering plants and pest control using pesticides. As sub-plots are rice varieties: 1) TN1, 2) IR64, and 3) Inpari-9 Elo which differ in resistance to tungro. Observations were made at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting (MST). The results showed that the population of green leafhoppers in the TN1, both in the bio-intensive control plot and in the conventional control plot, was higher than the other two varieties. The population of natural enemies in bio-intensive control consists of 10 predator families and the conventional control consists of 9 predator families. The effectiveness of bio-intensive control has an effect on decreasing the population of green leafhoppers and the diversity of natural enemies, and has no significant effect on the incidence of tungro transmission, and has no effect on grain yield. Therefore, biointensive control needs to be developed to create a pesticide-free agricultural environment.</p>

The Effect of Sambiloto Extract on the Expression of β Estrogen Receptors in Ovaries and Lust Cycle in Mice Model PCOS - Insulin Resistance

Infertility was a serious problem in the reproductive period, one of the caused of infertility were common in women of childbearing age group is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees), had been already known contain flavonoid and lactones. The purpose of this research had to determine the effect of various doses of sambiloto extract with the expression of β estrogen receptor and estrus cycle in the mice model of PCOS - insulin resistance. This research was an animal model experimental laboratory research with a completely randomized design (CRD).The results showed that sambiloto extract therapy in treatment group had an improvement estrus cycle compared with control group. Positive control group, almost 90% had persistent anestrus condition. In treatment group 1 and 2 in the last vagina smear obtained anestrus condition as much as 60% in diestrus and medestrus phase. Whereas treatment groups 3 all experimental animals in a estrus state by proestrus and estrus phase. β Estrogen receptor expression had tested by Kruskal Wallis test for overall treatment, obtained significantly different results (p ≤ 0.002) followed by Mann - Whitney, showed that immunoreactive cells score from highest to lowest occurred in each group Negative control (KN), P3, P2, P1 and Positive Control (KP).It could be concluded that sambiloto extract at dose 18mg/kgbb, 36mg/kgbb, and 72mg/kgbb had been given an overview of the differences expression of β estrogen receptor, could change the estrus cycle of female mice models of insulin resistance PCOS.

The Effects of Sambiloto Leaf Extract (Andrographis peniculata) on Blood Sugar Regulation: an In Vivo Study

Sambiloto (Andrographis peniculata) is one of the most common plants inIndonesia. Sambiloto contains quite varied secondary metabolites, where thisplant is rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes and glycosides. This study aimsto assess the effect of Sambiloto (Andrographis peniculata) leaf extract on bloodsugar levels and the expression of GLUT4 protein in muscle tissue whichindicates the potential of the test extract's ability to improve blood glucose intaketo cells so that it can maintain blood sugar regulation. The process of extractingsambiloto is carried out by maceration in which 500 grams of simplicia aremacerated with 96% ethanol for 72 hours. After 1 week of adaptation, the micewere randomly divided into the following six groups, each containing 5 animals:Normal control group, diabetes group (negative control), diabetes + metformingroup (Met; 45 mg/kg), Diabetes + ES group (50 mg/kg), diabetes + ES group(100 mg/kg) and diabetes + ES group (200 mg/kg). The treatment with sambilotoextract was able to reduce blood sugar levels significantly, were at the ES 100and 200 mg/kg BW doses it was able to reduce blood sugar levels to reach thetarget below 200 mg/kg BW. The dominant flavonoids in Sambiloto leaf extractare believed to be responsible for the effect of blood glucose regulation. Inconclusion, Sambiloto extract affects lowering blood sugar levels in diabetesmellitus white rats by increasing glucose intake to cells and tissues.

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Extract Improves the Performance of Animal Model Infected with Escherichia coli

This study aims to understand the effect of natural antibiotics from sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata)extract to laying hens infected with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). The activation test ofsambiloto was performed by using a dilution method included a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Laying hens were distributed into five groups: normalgroup, APEC group with no treatment, and APEC group given 10%, 20%, 30% sambiloto extract for twoweeks. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with the F test. Based on the results, the 30%extract has improved the hen day production (HDP) of laying hens infected with APEC.

The Profile of Anticancer Activities of Sambiloto Extract (Andrographis paniculata Nees) from Several Locations in East Java

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) contains andrographolid compound which has potentialas an anticancer. The difference of growth location has affected the distinction of metabolite content. Thisstudy aims to determine the profile of anticancer activities of A. paniculata extract from several locations inEast Java. The extracts from several locations were tested for activity on T47D cancer cell using MTT assaymethod. Thus, the result of this study describes that A. paniculata extract from several different locations doesnot provide significantly different anticancer activities with the amount of (p>0.05). The extracts which havemoderate anticancer activity were A. paniculata extracts from Selopuro Subdistrict Blitar Regency, SingosariSubdistrict Malang Regency, Lowokwaru Subdistrict Malang City, Klojen Subdistrict Malang City,Purwodadi Subdistrict Pasuruan Regency, Purwosari Subdistrict Pasuruan Regency, and PandaanSubdistrict Pasuruan Regency

Optimization Of Broiler Production And Immune Response Through Giving Meniran (Phyllanthus Niruri L) And Sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata) Extracts After Nd Vaccination

This study aims to determine the effect of differences in herbal composition of meniran and sambiloto extracts on the production and immune response of chicken broilers. The study was conducted at the Karanganyar Animal Husbandry Academy. The study used 60 broiler chicken divided into 4 treatment groups and 3 repeat treatments. The treatment applied was the composition of meniran and bitter with oral as much as 300 mg / kg body weight, including: T0 (Control): without of meniran and sambiloto extracts, T1: giving of meniran and sambiloto extract with a composition of 75: 25%, T2: giving of meniran and sambiloto extract with a composition of 50: 50%, T3: giving of meniran and sambiloto extract with a composition of 25: 75%. The design used is a complete random design. The parameters observed include 1. production display includes feed consumption, final body weight, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat; 2. immune responses include ND titers, and lymphocytes. Production display data were analyzed using analysis of variance, antibody titers and lymphocytes were reported descriptively. Based on the results of the analysis of the giving of meniran and sambiloto extracts with different compositions did not affect the consumption of drinking water, feed consumption, final body weight, and carcass percentage. The percentage of abdominal fat is influenced by differences in the composition of the meniran and sambiloto extract (sig. 0.023). ND titers from day 0 to day 21 after being vaccinated reached protective numbers, while on day 28 the ND titers decreased. Giving more meniran extract (75: 25%) has a higher titer than controlled group. Lymphocyte counts during the study were under normal conditions for all treatments. It was concluded that differences in the composition of meniran and bitter extract affect the percentage of abdominal fat, but did not affect the final body weight and percentage of carcass. Giving meniran and bitter extract can improve chicken immunity. Keywords: immune response, meniran extract and bitter, production optimization.