Samara State Research Articles

Multimedia electronic manual "Thermometry"

Relevance. The education system plays a crucial role in the formation of professional orientation in the learning process. The digital transformation of education has become an integral part of the development of our society. One of the effective tools in the context of the activation of digital didactics to improve the quality of educational services is the introduction of modern distance learning technologies.Aim. Creation of a multimedia electronic manual dedicated to teaching the discipline "Propaedeutics of internal diseases" on the topic "Thermometry".Materials and methods. The multimedia electronic manual "Thermometry" developed at the Propaedeutic Therapy Department in Samara State Medical University contains theoretical material on the methodology and technique of measuring body temperature. The manual provides illustrative material with illustrations and description of the main types of fevers, describes the grades of fever, provides a detailed description of the rules for the registration of a temperature chart and provides an example of a filled temperature chart. The presented multimedia electronic manual contains a set of tests and clinical cases for self-monitoring of students' knowledge with references.Conclusion. The multimedia electronic manual "Thermometry" developed at Samara State Medical University can increase the efficiency of learning the material, which will help to improve the formation of professional competencies among students, while examining patients of various profiles, making correct diagnosis and management strategy.

The branch of Samara State Transport University in Rtishchevo is 55 years old

In accordance with the instructions of the Ministry of Railways dated June 11, 1969 and the order of the head of the Volga Railway dated June 16, 1969, the Rtishchevsky Railway Transport College with full-time education was organized at the Rtishchevo station.

DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF DIGITAL COMPETENCE OF A UNIVERSITY FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHER

Background. The relevance of the article is due to the tasks of digitalization of education and the focus on the development of all types of digital activities of a university teacher and is determined by the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of digital transformation of society in general and digital transformation of education in particular. The article examines the conditions of education that are changing in connection with digitalization, and defines digital competence. The purpose of the article is to determine the level of digital competence of a modern university foreign language teacher and take this competence into account in the educational process. Materials and methods. The material of the work was the scientific works of domestic and foreign authors on the topic of research, legislative acts, electronic resources, materials of web conferences, etc. The research methods were interviewing, methods of description, observation and analysis. As a result of the conducted research, the levels of digital competence of foreign language teachers (basic, high, advanced) were identified and the level of digital competence of foreign language teachers in scientific and educational activities of Samara State University of Economics (SGEU) was determined; the skills and abilities of the selected levels were described; possible digital services for use in writing scientific papers, textbooks were highlighted and content creation, as well as for classroom work and distance learning; pedagogical options for using digital technologies both in education and in scientific research of a modern teacher are proposed.

Methodological aspects of professionally-oriented mathematics education for students of technical university

This paper examines the problems of teaching mathematics at a technical university in the context of new educational standards. In the context of studying this discipline, the curriculum of the bachelor’s degree 12.03.01 Instrument Engineering is analyzed, focusing on the current Federal State Educational Standard of higher education. The study of this discipline is aimed at the formation of both general professional and professional, as well as universal competencies. At the same time, a comparison of two generations of standards (current and previous) of higher education in the chosen field of study made it possible to establish the transfer of a significant number of classroom hours to independent work of students. The established fact necessitates the introduction of modern methods, forms and conditions of the organization into the learning process. The study was conducted on the basis of Samara State Technical University. The aim of the study is to determine the pedagogical conditions for the organization of the educational process, which make it possible to more effectively prepare students of a technical university for future professional activity. The pedagogical conditions were developed taking into account the orientation of the learning process towards digitalization, the introduction of information technologies, the development of financial literacy of students, as well as the activation of their independent activities and cognitive interest. The article presents the implementation of these conditions in the educational process of Samara State Technical University.

Promotion of the Russian Language in the education system of Tanzania: conditions, demand, «deficits» and potential «growth points»

The article analyzes the program documents regulating functioning of the education system of Tanzania, examines the socio-economic factors affecting its development, analyzes the language policy, as well as the state policy of the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania in the field of education, which is considered to be a strategic factor in the transformation of mentality and the creation of a well-educated nation, sufficiently possessing the knowledge necessary for competent and competitive solutions to the challenges facing the country. The authors identify objectives of the education system of Tanzania, aimed at promoting universal access to quality basic education, including preschool, primary and secondary education; eradication of illiteracy; dissemination of high-quality higher education, providing training of highly qualified personnel necessary for the effective development of all sectors of the economy. The problems faced by the education system of Tanzania, the ways to solve them and the prospects for development are determined. The activities of the Representative Office of the Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation, which is the coordinator of the promotion of the Russian language and culture in Tanzania, are described in detail. The factors influencing the demand for the Russian language, increasing motivation to study it and the demand for Russian education in general among the youth of Tanzania, as well as the formation of a positive image of Russia in the minds of Tanzanians, are identified. The conditions, «deficits» and potential «growth points» of the promotion of the Russian language in the education system of Tanzania are determined. The article presents the results of the survey conducted during the official visit of the delegation of the Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education to Tanzania, which determined the future prospects of the study, which will result in designing a modular training program for teachers of Russian as a foreign language for educational organizations of the United Republic of Tanzania in the system of Russian teacher training education, including a Russian as a foreign language course at a preparatory department, bachelor’s and master’s degree programs and advanced training for teachers of Russian as a foreign language.

A WAY TO COMPENSATE PHD STUDENTS' INSUFFICIENT EFL PROFICIENCY: FLIPPED CLASSROOM APPROACH

Background. The shift in standards in Russian education has led to certain changes on the tertiary level of higher education. Most notably the consequences have concerned the aspect of teaching a foreign language to postgraduate students. In particular Samara State University of Economics now does not have language entrance exams anymore and foreign language class time has been rather limited. Nonetheless the level of final exam requirements is yet quite high. The article is relevant due to the need to find a possible remedy to overcome a problem of a fairly low level of previous language training among a certain category of postgraduate students. Purpose. The research purpose was to determine the effectiveness of a flipped classroom strategy as a way to compensate insufficient level of English mastering among the students of postgraduate courses. Materials and methods. Flipped classroom acts as a well-proven approach that could solve the problem. The results of summative assessment are presented in this paper. The methodology adopted in this study is based on the needs analysis, mathematical statistics and content inspection of students' interviews. The range of students, whose needs to improve their language level were determined at the first stage of the experiment then took part took part in a flipped classroom project. At the final stage of the experiment the students were examined for their language performance. Results. The results of the experiment prove the effectiveness of the proposed format for teaching a foreign language for postgraduate students in a non-linguistic university as it increases the efficiency of mastering the skills for the successful exam pass. This study suggests that flipped classroom approach could be an effective remedy to overcome the challenges that teachers and students at postgraduate level are facing today.

Development of the Scientific School of the Department of Accounting, Analysis and Economic Security of the Samara State University of Economics

Development of the Scientific School of the Department of Accounting, Analysis and Economic Security of the Samara State University of Economics

ТРУДНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ ДИВЕРТИКУЛЯРНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ДВЕНАДЦАТИПЕРСТНОЙ КИШКИ

Abstract. Introduction. Duodenal diverticulum is a hernia‒like protrusion of the duodenal wall. In terms of prevalence, this disease ranks second among all diverticula of the gastrointestinal tract after colonic diverticula. Aim. To substantiate the difficulty of diagnosing duodenal diverticulum perforation, based on a clinical case. Materials and Methods. A clinical case dated December 2021 of successful diagnostics and treatment of duodenal diverticulum perforation in female patient A. aged 68 is presented, based on the practice of the surgeons of the Surgery Unit in the Clinic of Hospital Surgery of Samara State Medical University. A set of laboratory investigations was performed, such as clinical blood analysis, biochemical blood analysis, coagulation profile, clinical urine analysis, and blood tests for HIV, viral hepatitis, and syphilis. Instrumental diagnostic methods were used, such as ultrasound (Aloka SSD 1700 (Japan)), CT (Revolution EVO (Russia)) of abdominal organs, review radiography, and Napalkov test. Results and Discussion. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, such as ultrasound and survey radiography, and primary laparotomy turned out to be insufficient for correct diagnosis and reasonable treatment. Napalkov test was performed, which revealed the contrast agent flow into retroperitoneum. The patient underwent relaparotomy, during which the duodenal diverticulum perforation by a foreign body (a fragment of a laurel leaf) was found. Conclusions. The case presented is an example of timely diagnosis of duodenal diverticulum perforation. The surgeons’ experience allowed them to suspect perforation in a short time, which helped avoid serious complications and contributed to the patient’s recovery. With timely diagnosis of such a rare and grave complication as duodenal diverticulum perforation, its clinical cure is justified.

Experience of using homeopathic ointment in the treatment of patients with anal itching

Introduction. Anal contact or conduction in the anal canal and rectum is a common condition in the coloproctological field, occurring in 5% of the population that affects this country. Treatment consists of hygiene and the use of topical steroids, antibacterial and antifungal agents. No generally accepted attitude towards a private person has been developed.Aim. To study the effectiveness of using homeopathic ointment in the treatment of patients with anal itching.Material and methods. A prospective comparative randomized study was conducted in a specialized advisory center of the Clinics of Samara State Medical University. The study included 96 patients with anal itching without fungal infection of the perianal skin and concomitant purulent pathology. In the main group (n = 46), treatment was carried out using homeopathic ointment in the perianal area 2–3 times a day for 14 days. In the control group (n = 50), treatment was carried out with topical steroid ointments 2–3 times a day for 14 days.Results and discussion. From the data obtained on the use of homeopathic ointment, it follows that it is not inferior in effectiveness to topical steroid ointments in reducing symptoms of the disease (Student’s t-test = 0.35; p > 0.05 and Student’s t-test = 0.28; p > 0.05), and by the number of relapses (χ2 = 0.535; p > 0.05).Conclusion. The use of homeopathic ointment for topical application appears to be a promising new treatment for patients with anal itching and is as effective as topical steroid ointments.

Отдаленные результаты использования системы трехмерной визуализации в сравнении со стандартной аналоговой визуализацией в хирургии хрусталика

Abstract Long-term results of using a three-dimensional imaging system in comparison with standard analog imaging in lens surgery A.V. Zhuravlev, V.S. Stebnev, S.D. Stebnev, I.V. Malov, L.M. Nizamutdinova Samara State Medical University, Department of Eye Diseases, Department of Eye Diseases IPO, Samara, Russian Federation Eye Surgery LLC, Samara, Russian Federation Purpose. Assessment of the safety and effectiveness of lens surgery using three-dimensional visualization based on the analysis of long-term results of operations. Material and methods. The study involved 500 patients (500 eyes). The main group consisted of 250 patients with cataracts operated by phacoemulsification using the NGENUITY three-dimensional digital imaging system. The control group consisted of 250 patients using analog imaging, i.e. using standard eyepieces. Long-term results were evaluated 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery using parameters such as uncorrected and maximally corrected visual acuity, refractometry indicators and corneal endothelial cell density. Results. Although in the long-term period we did not record statistically significant differences between the achieved indicators of visual acuity, refractometry and density of corneal endothelial cells in the main and control groups, their average values were still slightly higher in the group of patients where three-dimensional digital imaging was used in the FEC process. Conclusion. The long-term results of a comparative study of visual acuity, endothelial cell density, spherical and cylindrical components of refraction when using analog and three-dimensional digital imaging in cataract surgery allow us to conclude that the latter method is still more effective than the standard one. All this, combined with great ergonomic capabilities, makes it possible to recommend three-dimensional digital visualization for wider dissemination in clinical practice. Key words:cataract surgery, three-dimensional digital visualization, standard analog visualization, visual acuity, refraction, density of endothelial cells

MEGAURETHIR IN CHILDREN: METHODS OF ENDOSCOPIC CORRECTION

Megaureter is a severe pathology of the urinary system. According to the World Health Organization, according to the number and structure of diseases, malformations of the urinary system organs in children occupy one of the leading places among pathologiesof all organs and systems. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of endoscopic methods for correcting megaurethritis in children. The study presents the results of treatment of 116 patients with refluxing and obstructive megaureter on the basis of the Department of Pediatric Surgery No. 2 Samara State Medical University for the period from 2010 to 2022. The results of the examination revealed that the urodynamic characteristics of positive results after endoscopic correction of megaureter in a period of 3-6 months indicated a clear depending on the treatment results from the method of forming a bolus in the area of the ureterovesical segment: for mild severity, the STING method was effective, for moderate severity -HITI, and for severe severity -HITII.

Competence-based methodological resources: the experience of forming students’ ecological culture

The presented work provides data on the main trends in the educational assimilation of modern environmental science, the role of its cultural component in the training of future specialists of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography of the Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education. They allow us to state that in recent years the environmental training of students has become more multidisciplinary in nature. It dialectically and harmoniously coexists the main provisions of the universal theory of systems, philosophical, evolutionary and other worldview ideas, digital technologies, quantum physics, theory and methodology of cognitive activity and other integral components of modern education. It can be confidently stated that modern ecology has increasingly begun to use an integrated systemic synergetic approach in its development, which has determined an increased role in the observed integration, primarily of its educational and methodological teachers.

Individual educational strategies for advanced training of higher school teachers

The Russian education system is constantly undergoing updates, natural in the process of continuous development of science, technology and society. In this regard, there is an obvious need for continuous professional education of university teachers, who then, in turn, develop innovative content and make changes in the learning process for students of all fields of study. An important goal of each educational organization is to maintain the proper level and continuous improvement of the quality of education. Therefore, the result of the teacher’s mastering a program of advanced training courses should be the improvement of professional competencies, which are just necessary to improve the quality of teaching. On the way to achieve this goal, a number of problems arise, the solution of which requires special attention from both the university management and each teacher. At the same time, the main aspect is the expedient competent construction of general educational strategies and individual trajectories of professional development for each teacher, depending on the nature of professional activity. The article presents an analysis and comparative characteristics of individual educational trajectories of advanced training of teachers of technical and pedagogical universities on the example of the Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics and the Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education.

Analysis of the adaptation potential of the cardiovascular system of students studying in medical specialties

Relevance. Studying the adaptive potential of students is an important way to assess the level of health and early career guidance of future doctors.The purpose of the study is to study the adaptive potential of the cardiovascular system among second-year medical university students.Object and methods. The study involved 507 students of both sexes studying in their second year at Samara State Medical University. At the first stage of the study, anthropometric parameters were studied in all subjects. At the second stage, an analysis of the adaptive potential was carried out by calculating the following indicators: index of functional changes, adaptive potential according to the equation of L.A. Konevskikh, Robinson index.Conclusions. An analysis of the functional state of the cardiovascular system of medical university students revealed that the majority of students already in their second year have a disruption of adaptation processes, which is associated with low functional capabilities of the body, tension in adaptation mechanisms and disruption in the functioning of regulatory systems.

К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ НАКОПИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ОЦЕНИВАНИЯ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ СТУДЕНТОВ

The article describes one of the possible ways to solve the most important problem of modern higher education in Russia – the low motivation of students to acquire the knowledge, skills and abilities they need in their future professional activities. According to the author, the implementation of a cumulative system for evaluating individual achievements of students in the educational process can contribute to the solution of this problem. Such an assessment system makes it possible to transform the student's desire to get a high grade into an awareness of the need for conscientious and systematic work throughout the semester, increases the objectivity of the teacher's assessment, improves the quality of training and the level of formation of professional competencies. The paper provides a conditional example of the distribution of points of the current and final control in one semester of studying mathematics by students of construction specialties at the Samara State University of Railways. To identify the students' opinion on the effectiveness of the applied cumulative assessment system, the author developed a questionnaire. The survey was conducted anonymously, 243 people took part in it. The analysis of its results suggests that the majority of respondents (about 70%) recognize the effectiveness of the cumulative evaluation system described in the work.

ЛИТЕРАТУРНОЕ КРАЕВЕДЕНИЕ В ВУЗОВСКОМ И ШКОЛЬНОМ ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

The paper presents the formation of the subject of literary local history. The main stages of the formation of literary local history as a taught discipline are considered, including the concepts of local history, fatherland studies, and national studies. The researchers who have made a significant contribution to the development and dissemination of the subject of "Literary Local History" throughout the country are highlighted. The current state of literary local history is also covered, focusing on new approaches and methods used in the development of work programs for higher education institutions. The article highlights the features of the work of Samara State Social and Pedagogical University in the direction of "Literary Local History". A detailed description of the subject taught within the framework of the training direction 44.03.05 Pedagogical education (with two training profiles), focus (profile): "Russian language" and "Literature", as well as the training directions of the master's degree: 45.04.01 "Regional Journalism and Literary Local History". During the writing of the article, an anonymous survey was conducted among teachers of Russian language and literature, allowing to assess the degree of satisfaction with the knowledge gained during the study of the discipline at the university. Interpretation of the research results will allow in the future further research in the field of literary local history and its significance in the modern literary process.

ИНТЕНСИВНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ВОЕННО-ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ И ВОЕННО-УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИХ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ У СТУДЕНТОВ – БУДУЩИХ ОФИЦЕРОВ РЕЗЕРВА

The article discusses the results of scientific research on the development and use of high-intensity educational technologies - project-based and game-based learning in the system of professional training for future reserve officers of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The article demonstrates the interconnection and continuity between the study of disciplines at specialized departments and the study of military training disciplines by students of the military training center at Samara State Technical University. The aim and outcome of their education, when studying military engineering and military management disciplines, is to develop a set of military engineering and military management professional competencies. The final stage of students' education is a training camp, during which they consolidate a large amount of material they have learned and prepare for the final military training assessment. However, a socio-didactic contradiction arises: on the one hand, there is a need to review a large volume of educational material, but on the other hand, there is limited time available. Therefore, the authors turned to the use of well-known intensive teaching technologies - projectbased and game-based learning - in global and domestic pedagogy. Project-based learning technology intensifies students' independent creative project activities and is multifunctional. It includes a mandatory pragmatic component, the completion of which stimulates students' interest in solving specific problems, acquiring knowledge freely, and applying it in practice. Its application is considered on the example of practical classes on automotive equipment restoration. Game-based educational technology in the format of business and role-playing games is discussed using the example of a practical class on "Military Repair Workshops".

ГРАЖДАНСКО-ПАТРИОТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЕКТ «89.RUS» И ЕГО РОЛЬ В ЛИЧНОСТНОМ И ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОМ РАЗВИТИИ БУДУЩИХ УЧИТЕЛЕЙ

Professional and personal development and professional education of students are among the urgent problems of higher education, including pedagogical education. Being in the teaching profession, a young specialist should be aware of responsibility for the actions performed, understand their consequences, and possess those qualities that would meet the challenges and demands of modern society. Pedagogical universities face a difficult task to organize the educational process in such a way that it ensures sufficient assimilation of knowledge, contributes to the formation of necessary professional skills and value orientations. The socio-cultural environment of the university, aimed at mastering the norms of relationships, communication, and leisure activities by students, plays a separate role in the implementation of this task. One of the elements of the socio-cultural environment of the Samara State Socio-Pedagogical University is the civilpatriotic project "89.rus", the purpose, content and meaning of which are disclosed in this article. The methodology of a number of events is described. Among them are a lecture on the history of the state symbols of the Russian Federation, the civic and patriotic games "Victory" and "Russia is my country". Examples of individual tasks used when working with students are presented, information support for the project is demonstrated on the website of the Department of General Biology, Ecology and Teaching Methods, as well as on the pages of the textbook "A short course on the basics of Russian Statehood". It is concluded that the developed project ensures the personal and professional development of future teachers.

ЭКОЛОГИЗАЦИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА

The article brings forward a comprehensive technology for disseminating professional knowledge in waste management among the students of Samara State Social and Pedagogical University. The technology implies both introduction of changes to educational programs and collaboration with mass media. Using plastic waste as an example it is demonstrated how lack of environmental awareness in young people leads to decline in efficiency of the waste processing industry. Involving students in settling and mitigating environmental problems is possible provided that theory and best practices used in everyday life are transmitted to them. Through bringing the environmental practice into educational and extracurricular activities, students and higher education teaching personnel are taking real steps to preserve natural resources and develop environmental awareness in the youth of the Samara region.

Электронный помощник для удаленной оценки качества жизни пациентов на основе шкалы EQ-5D-3L

Nowadays estimation of quality of life in patients with different diseases is one of the most important indicators of treatment effectiveness. There is literature data that reveals association between quality of life and adherence to treatment, which may result in increasing therapy effectiveness. In real clinical practice a doctor needs contemporary instruments that can estimate the quality of life of the patients during traditional consultation and also during remote consultation and telemonitoring. One of the most popular instruments for estimation of quality of life is EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. In Samara State Medical University an electronic assistant was developed for remote estimation of quality of life with EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. An undeniable benefit of this assistant is simplicity, visibility and usability in traditional and remote medical consultations. After implementation of abovementioned electronic assistant in real clinical practice, a doctor can estimate the quality of life of a patient independently and also by means of remote medicine centres, where this data will be accumulated.