Samara Province Research Articles

Descriptions of the mature larvae of Meligethes (Astylogethes) corvinus Erichson, 1845 and M. (A.) subrugosus (Gyllenhal, 1808) (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae)

Mature larvae of two species of the nitidulid genus Meligethes Stephens, 1830, subgenus Astylogethes Kirejtshuk, 1992, are described from Samara Province. Data on the bionomics of these species are given. The material used in the descriptions and the corresponding permanent slides with the mature larvae are deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.

The development of the bean seed fly Delia platura Mg. (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) and its harmfulness in forest-steppe agrocenoses of Samara Province

Delia platura Mg. is a polyphagous and polyvoltinic Holarctic species feeding mainly on booting cereals and seedling roots. In Samara Province, three generations of the species develop annually; the species hibernates as puparia in soil under winter crops at a depth of 10–20 cm; adults emerge during the first ten days of May. Most of all, the fly infests barley and winter wheat, preferring crop rotation systems with green-manure fallow and causing 2.6–7.2% yield loss.

Polish Perspectives on Communism: An Anthology by Bogdan Szlachta , Tomasz Bieroń (review)

REVIEWS 587 in "socialization," such ludicrous attempts to overleap oneself ...?' Stalin's answer was: 'They could have arisen only as a result of the block-headed belief of a section of our party: "We can achieve anything!" "There isnothing we can't do!'" Such a view was expressed in a document written inJanuary 1928: 'Grain procurements [...] represent the fortress that we must capture at any cost. And we will certainly capture it if we do the job in a bolshevik style, with bolshevik pressure' (document 10).The author ? a certain I. V. Stalin. A few days afterthe publication of 'Dizzy with Success', moreover, theOGPU sent Stalin a long report on 'excesses' perpetrated by local officials (document 72). The volume contains other examples of what looks like scapegoating of local officials for problems resulting from the implementation of policies laid down by the centre (e.g. document 66). The voice of the peasants is represented in only two documents, reflecting the balance of documents in the original Russian volumes. InJuly 1929,peas ant M. D. Mikhailin of Samara province wrote to his son, who seems to have been working inMoscow. He describes how 'they'were takingmost of the peasants' grain, livestock and other belongings away, and asks his son to: 'Write tous about all this, [...] whether thisdecree has been sent out from the center, or it is the local authorities thatmanage things so; we know nothing about this' (document 28). This was only the start of the peasants' troubles. More graphic are the extracts from letterswritten by kulaks exiled to the North in 1930 (document 74). One wrote: 'We already have lots of news? people are swollen with hunger and are hanging themselves.' The volume takes the story to 1930, and is the firstof four projected volumes. Itmakes available English translations of key documents on the first stages of collectivization and dekulakization. The documents are well chosen, the translations readable, and the introductory essays and notes invaluable. The volume is ideal for advanced-level undergraduate and masters' students of Soviet history and also for specialists on agricultural history who do not read Russian. The top-down perspective can be compensated forby assigning it to be read in conjunction with such works as Lynne Viola, Peasant Rebels underStalin: Collectivizationand theCulture ofPeasant Resistance (New York and Oxford, 1996) and Olga Litvienko and James Riordan, Memories of the Dispossessed: Descendants ofKulak Families Tell Their Stories (Nottingham, 1998). Nevertheless, The War Against the Peasantry is greatly to be welcomed. Department of History Universityof Durham David Moon Szlachta, Bogdan. Polish PerspectivesonCommunism: An Anthology. Translated by Tomasz Biero?. Lexington Books, Lanham, MD, Boulder, CO, and Oxford, 2004. 184 pp. Notes. Index. ?46.00. This collection of writings, although formany may sound promising, has a verymisleading tide and is thus disappointing. Polish PerspectivesonCommunism: An Anthologysuggests that the book contains a selection of articles aimed at a broad presentation of attitudes among Poles towards the Soviet system. 588 SEER, 85, 3, JULY 2OO7 However, this general expectation is not met. There are several reasons for this,which I have tried to group below. The first is Szlachta's use of the term 'communism'. He uses itvery freely and, ultimately, irresponsibly.The actual content of the book is a set of essays written during the period from themid 1800s to the Second World War. Hence, they reflect on thewritings ofMarx and Engels and the spread of socialist ideas in Europe (Z. Krasi?ski, A. M. Szymariski, J. Goluchowski), early Bolshevism (J. Parandowski, M. Massonius, A. Krzyzanowski) and, finally,Russia after the Bolshevik revolution and during the interwar years (L.Wasilewski, R. Dmowski, J. K. Roztworowski). Out of thirty-one texts, only two could be called 'modern': by J.M. Boche?ski (from the 1960s) and Z. Stahl (from 1972).The use of the term 'communism' in the titleand intro duction, rather than the much more appropriate 'bolshevism' or 'early social ist ideas' or 'Marx's thought', therefore, is confusing, and leaves the reader wondering whether this is a volume on the early stages ofMarx's ideas as transformed by Lenin and realized by Bolshevism, or about the development of thepolitical, economic and social system from the 1970s (i.e. 'communism...

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The biology, ecology, and harmfulness of the flea-beetle Chaetocnema aridula Gill (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in the forest-steppe of the middle Volga Area

In the forest-steppe of Samara Province, Chaetocnema aridula Gill. dominates among all the species of Chaetocnema Steph. found in cereal crops. The species develops mainly on winter wheat, and, to a lesser extent, on spring wheat and barley. In autumn, adult beetles aggregate on millet for pre-hibernation feeding. The highest population density of Ch. aridula was observed in the humid and warm 1997 and the lowest one, in the extremely dry 1998. In late April-the first third of May, adults begin oviposition after wintering. Larvae appear in winter and spring wheat in mid-May and in late May-early June, respectively. Larvae pupate in winter wheat, beginning from mid-June; in spring crops, pupation begins in mid-June. Adults of a new generation emerge between the middle of June and the middle of July. In spring crops, development of Ch. aridula finishes 2–3 weeks later than in winter crops. Larvae penetrate shoots in the upper soil level in the tillering zone. 50–80% of wheat and barley plants are damaged by larvae. In damaged plants, the number of shoots increases by 1.2–5.8 times, and the number of productive shoots decreases to 17–68%. In plants damaged by flea-beetles, harvest losses constitute 62–90% and 5–20% in winter and spring wheat crops, respectively, and the total harvest loss constitutes 0.3–3.9 and 1–15%, respectively.

A new water mite species of the genus Atractides Koch from European Russia (Acariformes, Hygrobatidae)

Female and male of the water mite Atractides samaricus sp. n. from a plain river in the Samara Province of Russia are described.

Characterization of dioxin exposure in residents of Chapaevsk, Russia.

Since 1967, a chemical plant in the town of Chapaevsk (Samara province, Russia) has produced large amounts of chlorinated compounds and is suspected to be a major source of local environmental dioxin contamination. Dioxins have been detected in the local air, soil, drinking water, vegetables, and cow's milk. Human exposure to dioxins is suspected as a factor in the deteriorating local public health. In an effort to characterize nonoccupational dioxin exposure among local residents, during the summer of 1998, 24 volunteers were recruited to donate blood and to provide information about their residence, employment, demographics, medical history, and dietary habits. Selected polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and coplanar biphenyls were measured in blood serum samples. The mean concentration of total dioxin World Health Organization toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQ(98)) based on polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was 61.2 (range 16.4-168.1) pg/g lipid. Subjects living in close proximity to the plant (less than 5 km) had significantly higher dioxin levels (mean WHO-TEQ(98), 75.7 pg/g lipid), as compared to subjects living more than 5 km from the plant (mean WHO-TEQ(98), 44.1 pg/g lipid) (P<0.04). Comparisons of the study results with available published data indicate that average blood dioxin levels were substantially higher in Chapaevsk residents than in nonoccupationally exposed populations of other parts of Russia, Europe, and North America. Chronic exposures of such magnitude may have appreciable adverse effects on public health.

Toward a Technique for Studying the Prigovor Movement and its Role in the Struggle of the Peasantry in 1905-1907 (On Materials from Samara Province)

Despite the existence of a rather large number of works devoted to the peasant movement in Russia during the Revolution of 1905-07, it continues to be the object of close attention by Soviet historians. The reason for this unflagging interest by scholars in the problem in question is entirely understandable, for the agrarian-peasant question was fundamental in the bourgeois-democratic revolution of 1905-07, when, as V. I. Lenin observed, the peasant masses were pulled into the arena of more or less independent historical action. (1)

Participation of Samara doctors — contemporaries and associates of V. I. Lenin — in revolutionary activities

In 1875, in Samara province, whose territory significantly exceeded the present Kuibyshev region, there were only 11 hospitals, 14 pharmacies, 54 doctors, 136 paramedics and medical students, 34 midwives and 129 vaccinators worked. The incidence of trachoma in some villages reached 70-72%. Infectious morbidity was very high, outbreaks of cholera, smallpox, plague, diphtheria, etc. were frequent.

Materials for the characterization of the main occupational safety of vans at the resort "Sernovodsk" of the Samara province

The main occupational hazards for vans (36 - 40 people) at the Sernovodsk resort are: H2S content in the cabin air, relative humidity, temperature and air speed. In addition to all these points, we simultaneously determined the amount of CO2 in some places; the latter, mainly, as an indicator of the work of natural ventilation, since there is no artificial ventilation in the baths of the resort.

Citywide Conference of the Scientific Association of Physicians of Samara Province

Session 19/V.Prof. M. I. Gremyachkin: Treatment of hemorrhoids by sclerosing injections. The report appears in full in this issue of the journal.-Prof. Kawiecki and Drs. Glasson, Wolski, Soskind and Iofan took part in the debates.

Current status of the Sergeyevsky Sernye Vody Resort (Samara Province)

Sergiyevskiy Mineralnye Vody, an old resort, 200 years old, remains unsettled to date, although significant improvements and extensions have been made in the last two years: an old bath by the sulfur lake (the only two-year-old sulfur and mud bath healing building that began to collapse) and a new bath for 1st grade patients (a large stone building, one-storey, with steam heating) for sulphur and mud baths, but despite this, Sergiyevskiy Mineralnye Vody needs a lot of things to become a resort that meets its purpose, similar to that of Western Europe.