Salvage Process Research Articles

Salvage of catabolic products in ganglioside metabolism: a study on rat cerebellar granule cells in culture

Cerebellar granule cells in culture were subjected to a pulse (0.5–4 h)-chase (0–4 h) of 10 −6 M [ 3H]ganglioside GM1 carrying the radioactive label at the level of NeuAc ([ 3H-NeuAc]GM1), Sph ([ 3H-Sph]GM1) or Gal ([ 3H-GallGMl) and the formed [ 3H]metabolites were determined. With all forms of [ 3H]GM1, there was formation of [ 3H]catabolites, including [ 3H]H 2O and [ 3H]biosynthetic products obtained by recycling of [ 3H]NeuAc, [ 3H]Sph and [ 3H]Gal released during intralysosomal ganglioside degradation (salvage processes). Much higher amounts of [ 3MH 2O were produced from [ 3H-Gal]GM1 than [ 3H-Sph]GM1 and [ 3H-NeuAc]GM1; conversely, more products from salvage processes (polysialogangliosides GD1a, GDlb, GTlb, O-acetylated GT1b, protein-bound radioactivity) were obtained with [ 3H-NeuAc]GM1; than the two other forms of [ 3H]GM1, Liberated [ 3H]NeuAc produced 10-fold less tritiated water and 10-fold higher salvage products than [ 3H]Gal. Using [ 3H-NeuAc]GM1; granule cells appeared to metabolize 7.7% of membrane-incorporated exogenous GM1 per hour with a high degree of NeuAc recycling and the calculated metabolic half-life was 6.5 h.

Salvaging Self

A grounded theory was developed to describe how pregnant crack cocaine users perceived their problems and responded to them. A basic social psychological process, salvaging self, was identified from constant comparative analysis of in-depth interviews with 60 pregnant or postpartum women who used crack cocaine an average of at least once per week in pregnancy. Salvaging self included two phases, facing the situation and evading harm. Participants evaluated the value, hope, and risk of various responses to pregnancy. Actions included strategies of harm reduction and stigma management aimed at reducing damage to the fetus, their identities as individuals and mothers, and the maternal-child relationship. Personal histories and social contexts influenced the salvaging process.

Salvaging and Reusing Jacket and Deck Structures of Offshore Platforms

Reusing salvaged offshore oil and gas production jacket and/or deck structures is a means of reducing the construction cost and schedule. The decision to salvage, refurbish, and reinstall an unused jacket and/or deck structure(s) can benefit oil companies in two ways. First, the platform must be removed to meet environmental regulations; second, the platform's jacket and deck can be reused on future projects, resulting in construction-cost and schedule savings. The primary objective of this paper is to present a framework within which decision makers can identify a salvage process and reuse a platform when it is no longer in production. The second objective is to document the cost and schedule savings obtained when the platform's jacket and deck are reused. The data presented in this paper can be used by oil and gas companies to determine whether the reuse of a salvaged structure is a cost-effective alternative to building a new structure.

Salvaging Self

A grounded theory was developed to describe how pregnant crack cocaine users perceived their problems and responded to them. A basic social psychological process, salvaging self, was identified from constant comparative analysis of in-depth interviews with 60 pregnant or postpartum women who used crack cocaine an average of at least once per week in pregnancy. Salvaging self included two phases, facing the situation and evading harm. Participants evaluated the value, hope, and risk of various responses to pregnancy. Actions included strategies of harm reduction and stigma management aimed at reducing damage to the fetus, their identities as individuals and mothers, and the maternal-child relationship. Personal histories and social contexts influenced the salvaging process.

Recovery of glucose from glucolipids in cell wall glucans in cotton fibres

We have previously reported that [ 14C]glucose from steryl[ 14C]glucosides in the chloroform-methanol extract from intact in vitro-grown cotton fibres labelled with UDP[ 14C]glucose was recovered in glucans within 4 hr. In the present experiment, we have used intact, in vitro-grown cotton fibres to determine if [ 14C]glucolipids synthesized from UDP[ 14C]glucose can also be substrates for glucan synthesis. [ 14C]Glucose from steryl[ 14C]glucose, acylsteryl[ 14C]glucose, and an unidentified [ 14C]glucolipid was recovered in acetic-nitric soluble (1,3-β-glucans and possibly mixed linked glucans) and acetic-nitric insoluble (cellulose) glucans. Continuous synthesis and turnover of glucosides in the cell wall is essential to maintain cell wall integrity. Cellulose synthesis in cotton fibre may, in part, be a salvage process allowing turnover of other glucosides through recovery of glucose in the 1,4-β-glucan, which does not turn over.

CLEANING BY SURFACE DISPLACEMENT OF WATER AND OILS

An effective and economical surface-chemical displacement of water and (or) oily contamination on solid surfaces can be accomplished with certain classes of organic compounds and emulsions made from them. The essential displacement mechanism is the creation of maintenance of a surface tension gradient in the free surface of any liquid coating the solid. Such a gradient can be maintained with a drop of a spreading agent which escapes from the liquid surface by solution or evaporation after a few cm. Of travel away from the point of application. The resulting movement of the surface monolayer of agent carries along the liquid coating by a viscous-drag process. Permanent (irreversible) displacement of the liquid coating takes places only when the displacing agent (or a specific surfaceactive component in it) is able to adsorb strongly on the solid surface to form an insoluble, low-energy, surface film. Water displacers include aliphatic alcohols from propyl to hexyl, methyl amyl ketone, acetylacteone, amyl acetate, Cellosolve acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, butyl or propyl lactate, ethyl or methyl carbonate, and the Cellosolves. Effective and economical oil-displacing agents for removing many common types of oily films are readily prepared from emulsions in water of an organic liquid which has (1) a significantly high solubility in that oil. A variety of successful applications to salvaging valuable and complex military equipment, including motors, generators, switch gear, radio receivers and transmitters, radars, and various mechanical devices are described, and suitable techniques and procedures for such operations are summarized. Numerous applications are indicated for routine maintenance cleaning or salvaging and re storing to useful service for a wide variety of types of mechanical, electrical, and electronic equipment after flooding. Work is summarized in developing: (a) cleaning emulsions for rapidly and economically removing oily coatings from mechanical, electric, or electronic equipment, (b) water-displacing compounds that rapidly displace water from surfaces of equipment, parts, and crevices accessible to a liquid spray and thus accelerate greatly the drying process, (c) aggressive chemical cleaners to remove corrosion products not otherwise removed, and (d) special techniques for facilitating the chemi cal salvaging process.