Salmonella Typhimurium Research Articles

Salmonella Osteomyelitis of Unknown Origin: An Underestimated Infection.

A poor response to treatment should raise questions about the initial diagnosis.Isolated metastatic lesions in the upper limbs are rare and require proper clinical and radiological evaluation to arrive at a correct diagnosis.

Ligilactobacillus salivarius 7247 Strain: Probiotic Properties and Anti-Salmonella Effect with Prebiotics.

The Ligilactobacillus salivarius 7247 (LS7247) strain, originally isolated from a healthy woman's intestines and reproductive system, has been studied for its probiotic potential, particularly against Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) as well as its potential use in synbiotics. LS7247 showed high tolerance to gastric and intestinal stress and effectively adhered to human and animal enterocyte monolayers, essential for realizing its probiotic properties. LS7247 showed high anti-Salmonella activity. Additionally, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFS) of LS7247 exhibited anti-Salmonella activity, with a partial reduction upon neutralization with NaOH (p < 0.05), suggesting the presence of anti-Salmonella factors such as lactic acid (LA) and bacteriocins. LS7247 produced a high concentration of LA, reaching 124.0 ± 2.5 mM after 48 h of cultivation. Unique gene clusters in the genome of LS7247 contribute to the production of Enterolysin A and metalloendopeptidase. Notably, LS7247 carries a plasmid with a gene cluster identical to human intestinal strain L. salivarius UCC118, responsible for class IIb bacteriocin synthesis, and a gene cluster identical to porcine strain L. salivarius P1ACE3, responsible for nisin S synthesis. Co-cultivation of LS7247 with SE and ST pathogens reduced their viability by 1.0-1.5 log, attributed to cell wall damage and ATP leakage caused by the CFS. For the first time, the CFS of LS7247 has been shown to inhibit adhesion of SE and ST to human and animal enterocytes (p < 0.01). The combination of Actigen prebiotic and the CFS of LS7247 demonstrated a significant combined effect in inhibiting the adhesion of SE and ST to human and animal enterocytes (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the potential of using the LS7247 as a preventive strategy and employing probiotics and synbiotics to combat the prevalence of salmonellosis in animals and humans caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of SE and ST pathogens.

Characterizing the Crosstalk Between Programmed Cell Death Pathways in Cytokine Storm With an Agent-Based Model.

Background: There is increasing recognition of extensive crosstalk between programmed cell death pathways (PCDPs), such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, resulting in a highly redundant system responsive to a breadth of potential pathogens. However, because pyroptosis and necroptosis propagate inflammation, these redundancies also present challenges for therapeutic control of dysregulated hyperinflammation seen in cytokine storm (CS) generated organ dysfunction. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the conversion of existing knowledge regarding apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis into a computational model can enhance our understanding of the crosstalk between PCDPs via simulation experiments of microbe interactions and experimental interventions. Materials and Methods: Literature regarding apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis was reviewed and transposed into an agent-based model, the programmed cell death agent-based model (PCDABM). Computational experiments were performed to simulate the activation of various PCDPs as seen by differing microbes, specifically: influenza A virus (IAV), enteropathic Escherichia coli (EPEC), and Salmonella enterica (SE). The potential protective value of PCDP crosstalk was evaluated by silencing either pyroptosis, necroptosis, or both. Computational experiments were also performed simulating the effect of potential therapies blocking tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1. Results: The PCDABM was implemented in the agent-based modeling toolkit NetLogo. Computational experiments of infection with IAV, EPEC, and SE reproduced cross-activation of PCDPs with effective microbial clearance. Simulations of anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 did not reduce the aggregated amount of inflammation-generated system damage, the surrogate for CS-generated tissue damage. Conclusions: Redundancies have evolved in host PCDPs to maintain protection against a wide range of pathogens. However, these redundancies also challenge attempts at dampening the pathogenic hyperinflammatory state of CS using therapeutic immunomodulation. Integrative simulation models such as the PCDABM can aid in identifying potentially targetable inflection points to mitigate CS while maintaining effective host defense.

Pleural empyema due to Salmonella enterica in a patient affected by lung adenocarcinoma: A clinical case report

During last years, lung cancer treatment has rapidly changed thanks to novel drugs, such as immunotherapy and target therapy. Hence, an improvement of life expectancy, notwithstanding with a higher infectious risk. This is probably due to many factors, such as longer survival and immunosuppression; furthermore, novel drugs could increase infectious risk with different biologic mechanisms. However, correlation between infections and immunotherapy has not been completely clear, although lately has increasingly been described. Salmonella enterica spp is an intracellular facultative anaerobe gram-negative bacillus that can spread to different sites, such as lung and pleura; nevertheless, an association between lung cancer and pleural empyema due to salmonella infection is rarely highlighted in literature and its management is challenging. Hereby we outline the case of a 62-year-old woman affected by extended lung adenocarcinoma who developed salmonella-related pleural empyema during its active oncological treatment with chemo-immunotherapy by describing our multidisciplinary management model.

Fucoidan alleviates Salmonella-induced inflammation and mortality by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites, protecting intestinal barrier, and inhibiting NF-κB pathway

Salmonella typhimurium (ST) poses a serious threat to host health, and the adverse effects of antibiotic treatment necessitate the urgent search for innovative therapies to complement antibiotic treatment. This study indicated that high dosage of Undaria pinnatifida fucoidan (UPF) protected against mortality in mice infected with ST. UPF decreased the number of ST in the liver, reduced organ indexes, and increased colon length, indicating its protective effect against ST infection. UPF reduced the disruption of the intestinal barrier induced by ST, as evidenced by reduction in the loss of crypts and colonic mucus layer and inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as increases in the levels of tight junction proteins. UPF reduced oxidative stress and inhibited the NF-κB signalling pathway, alleviating inflammatory response. The protective effect of UPF against ST infection can be closely associated with modulation of the gut microbiota, e.g. a reduction in Proteobacteria and increases in Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. In addition, UPF modulated ST-induced alterations of microbiota metabolites and affected various metabolic pathways that crucial to host health, primarily involving a reduction in lactate and increases in secondary bile acids and short chain fatty acids. This study suggests that UPF can confer benefits in pathogen-induced diseases by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites and protecting the intestinal barrier function.

Phagomagnetic separation in combination with real‐time PCR assay for detection of Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium in dairy products

AbstractSalmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) are the most commonly reported serotypes detected for the occurrence of Salmonellosis through foodborne transmission in recent years. In this study, a phagomagnetic separation in combination with qPCR (PhMS‐qPCR) based on phage T102 as a recognition element was developed for rapid enrichment and detection of Salmonella in dairy products. Phage T102 was coated onto magnetic beads for capturing Salmonella from samples through magnetic separation, with a capture efficiency of ~90% demonstrated. During the subsequent qPCR process, captured Salmonella was identified by detecting the OmpC gene, and specific sdf and STM4495 genes to further distinguish the serotypes of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), respectively. The whole procedure can be performed in 2.5 h with a low detection limit of 10 CFU/mL in PBS. Subsequently, this detection strategy was successfully applied for the detection of Salmonella and serotype identification in spiked milk samples. This cell separation and detection system offers a promising alternative for rapid and accurate detection of Salmonella or Salmonella spp.

Infections due to Salmonella sp. in children with chronic granulomatous disease: Our experience from North India

Infections with non-typhoidal Salmonella sp. have been documented in children with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), but the prevalence of salmonella infection in children with CGD in underdeveloped countries is unknown. We assessed the clinical profiles of CGD patients diagnosed at our tertiary care centre in north India and had Salmonella sp.infections. We found three patients with Salmonella sp. bloodstream infections (2-proven, 1-probable) among the 99 CGD patients. After receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis following a CGD diagnosis, we noted that none of our patients experienced non-typhoidal salmonella infection. One patient experienced severe typhoidal bacteremia despite receipt of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. This patient required numerous hospital admissions and prolonged intravenous antibiotic regimen. We suggest that vaccination with killed typhoidal vaccines should be regularly given to children with CGD in order to avoid typhoidal bacteremia, in addition to cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and a focus on good hand and food hygiene.

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase promotes cell proliferation and suppresses cell death in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma.

Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a newly discovered anti-ferroptosis molecule independent from the well-known GPX4 and AIFM2. However, the expression pattern and especially the functional roles of DHODH during cancer cell death are generally unknown. The databases of Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and methods of colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection, RNA-seq, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting were used to analyze the expression level, prognostic role, and oncogenic roles of DHODH in cancers. DHODH overexpression was identified in many types of cancers including esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), and so on. Silence and inactivation of DHODH decreased the abilities of cell proliferation, colony formation, and cellular ATP levels both in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Z-VAD-FMK (an apoptosis inhibitor) partially rescued blockade of DHODH-induced death of ESCC cells, and ferroptosis inhibitors (ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1) together with the necroptosis inhibitor (necrostatin-1) partially rescued inhibition of DHODH-induced death of CRC cells, respectively. Pathways including rheumatoid arthritis, salmonella infection, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, pertussis, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were enriched in DHODH-silenced ESCC cells. Overexpression of DHODH augments cell proliferation and suppresses cell death in ESCC and CRC, and DHODH might be developed as a potential anticancer target.

Genome sequence study links drug-resistant salmonella infection to poultry

Genome sequence study links drug-resistant salmonella infection to poultry

Assessment of the prevalence, serotype, and antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella enterica in integrated farming systems in the Maryland-DC area.

Implementation of organic/pasture farming practices has been increasing in the USA regardless of official certification. These practices have created an increasingly growing demand for marketing safe products which are produced through these systems. Products from these farming systems have been reported to be at greater risk of transmitting foodborne pathogens because of current trends in their practices. Salmonella enterica (SE) is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen that remains a public health issue given its prevalence in various food products, but also in the environment and as part of the microbial flora of many domestic animals. Monitoring antibiotic resistance and identifying potential sources contamination are increasingly important given the growing trend of organic/pasture markets. This study aimed to quantify prevalence of SE at the pre- and post-harvest levels of various integrated farms and sites in Maryland-Washington D.C. area, as well as identify the most prevalent serovars and antibiotic resistance patterns. Samples from various elements within the farm environment were collected and screened for SE through culture and molecular techniques, which served to identify and serotype SE, using species and serovar-specific primers, while antibiotic resistance was evaluated using an antibiogram assay. Results showed a prevalence of 7.80% of SE pre-harvest and 1.91% post-harvest. These results also showed the main sources of contamination to be soil (2.17%), grass (1.28%), feces (1.42%) and unprocessed produce (1.48%). The most commonly identified serovar was Typhimurium (11.32%) at the pre-harvest level, while the only identified serovar from post-harvest samples was Montevideo (4.35%). With respect to antibiotic resistance, out of the 13 clinically relevant antibiotics tested, gentamycin and kanamycin were the most effective, demonstrating 78.93 and 76.40% of isolates, respectively, to be susceptible. However, ampicillin, amoxicillin and cephradine had the lowest number of susceptible isolates with them being 10.95, 12.36, and 9.83%, respectively. These results help inform farms striving to implement organic practices on how to produce safer products by recognizing areas that pose greater risks as potential sources of contamination, in addition to identifying serotypes of interest, while also showcasing the current state of antibiotic efficacy and how this can influence antibiotic resistance trends in the future.

Effect of the storage temperature on the quality of eggs inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis onto shell.

This study explored the temperature-dependent effect on the growth characteristics of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) on eggshell toward identifying an appropriate storage temperature for unwashed eggs in an actual distribution environment. Among the test storage temperatures (10°C, 25°C, and 35°C), 25°C was determined to be an appropriate storage temperature, with no effect of changing temperature on the control of SE on eggshell. Regarding the effect of the temperature on egg quality, the quality indicators of egg such as Haugh unit, yolk index, albumin index, and albumin pH were significantly maintained. These results indicated that unwashed eggs should be distributed at 25°C for SE control, and the storage temperature should be below 10°C from at least day 4 onward after the start of distribution to maintain egg quality. This study will assist for safety management of unwashed egg in an actual distribution environment.

Isolation, Identification and Drug Resistance Rates of Bacteria from Pigs in Zhejiang and Surrounding Areas during 2019-2021.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacterial diseases in pig farms in various regions of Zhejiang Province and surrounding areas. A total of 526 samples were collected from 85 pig farms in Zhejiang Province and surrounding areas. In this study, samples were analyzed using bacterial isolation and purification, Gram staining, PCR amplification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 36 Pasteurella multocida (Pm) isolates were detected, with an isolation rate of 6.84%; 37 Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) isolates were detected, with an isolation rate of 7.03%; 60 Glasserella parasuis (G. parasuis) isolates were detected, with an isolation rate of 11.41%; 170 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates were detected, with an isolation rate of 32.32%; 67 Streptococcus suis (SS) isolates were detected, with an isolation rate of 12.74%; 44 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) isolates were detected, with an isolation rate of 8.37%; and 7 Salmonella enteritis (SE) isolates were detected, with an isolation rate of 1.33%. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing against 21 types of antibiotics was carried out on the isolated strains, and the results showed that 228 strains had varying degrees of resistance to 21 antibiotics, including Pm, Bb, E. coli, and APP, with the highest resistance to lincomycin, at 100%. Pm and APP were the most sensitive to cephalothin, with resistance rates of 0. In terms of strains, Pm had the highest overall sensitivity to 21 antibiotics, and E. coli had the highest resistance. In short, bacterial diseases in Zhejiang and the surrounding areas were harmful, and the drug resistance situation was severe. This study provides scientific guidance for the clinical treatment of bacterial diseases.

Effects of bacteriophage on Salmonella Enteritidis infection in broilers

Bacteriophages (BP) are viruses that can infect bacteria. The present study evaluated the effect of BP on Salmonella infected broilers. A number of 150 day-old broilers were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments that included: (1) basal diet from day 0 to 28; (2) basal diet + 0.3 g/kg of colistin from day 0 to 28; (3) basal diet from day 1 to 13, and basal diet + 0.4 g/kg of colistin from day 14 to 28; (4) basal diet + 1 g/kg of BP from day 0 to 28; (5) basal diet + 1.5 g/kg of BP from day 0 to 28. On day 13, 15 chickens from each treatment were challenged by Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), while fifteen from each treatment were not; instead, they were kept in the same cage with the challenged chickens (exposed chickens). At 7 and 14 days post-challenge, the number of SE and coliform bacteria in the cecum and liver of colistin and BP-fed birds was lower than the control treatment. In exposed and challenged chickens, the height and surface area of villus were greater in the BP and colistin-supplemented groups. Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase were greater, while serum albumin and triglycerides concentrations were lower in the control treatment. The liver of the challenged chickens had more pathological lesions than exposed birds. BP significantly decreased PPARγ gene expression in exposed chickens. In the challenged and exposed chickens, TLR4 gene expression was lower in BP and colistin-treated birds as compared to the control. In conclusion, adding BP to the diet from the day of age prevents the spread of Salmonella.

Exosomal PPARγ derived from macrophages suppresses LPS-induced peritonitis by negative regulation of CD14/TLR4 axis.

Intercellular communication between macrophages and peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) has been suggested as a key factor regulating peritonitis development. Here, we explored whether PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) can be packaged into macrophage exosomes to mediate intercellular communication and regulate peritonitis. Macrophage exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Proteomic analysis of macrophage-derived exosomes was performed using mass spectrometry. Co-culture models of supernatants or exosomes with PMCs, as well as a mouse peritonitis model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were employed. In this study, using stable Raw264.7 cells overexpressing GFP-FLAG-PPARγ (OE-PPARγ), we found that PPARγ inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in Raw264.7 cells and that PPARγ was incorporated into macrophage exosomes during this process. Overexpression of PPARγ mainly regulated thesecretion ofdifferentiallyexpressed exosomal proteins involved in the biological processes of protein transport, lipid metabolic process, cell cycle, apoptotic process, DNA damage stimulus, as well as the KEGG pathway of salmonella infection. Using co-culture models and mouse peritonitis model, we showed that exosomes from Raw264.7 cells overexpressing PPARγ inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in co-cultured human PMCs and in mice through downregulating CD14 and TLR4, two key regulators of the salmonella infection pathway. Pretreatment of the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of exosomes from Raw264.7 OE-PPARγ cells on human PMCs. These results suggested that overexpression of PPARγ largely altered the proteomic profile of macrophage exosomes and that exosomal PPARγ from macrophages acted as a regulator of intercellular communication to suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo via negatively regulating the CD14/TLR4 axis.

Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Tigecycline against Salmonella typhi

Introduction: Typhoid fever, caused by S. Typhi, is prevalent in developing countries, particularly the Indian subcontinent. Salmonella infections can cause enteric fever, gastroenteritis, septicemia, and non-typhoidal Salmonellae (NTS) infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Objective: To determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Tigecycline against Salmonella Typhi. Methodology: This interventional study conducted at Department of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics in collaboration with Department of Microbiology at Ad-din Sakina Women’s Medical College, Jashore during March 2023 to April 2023.MIC of Tigecycline was determined by Broth Dilution Technique against standard strain of Salmonella typhi ATCC 24683. Result: The MIC of Tigecycline against Salmonella typhi was 2.0 μg/ml. Conclusion: Tigecycline is a potential therapeutic agent for Salmonella typhi infection, and should be restricted on the basis of blood culture and in MDR and XDR cases of typhoid fever only. The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (2), July 2023; p 15-19

Bacillus subtilis PM5 from Camel Milk Boosts Chicken Immunity and Abrogates Salmonella entertitidis Infections.

With the practice of a successful livestock industry using antibiotics, which has continued for more than five decades, researchers have long been interested in finding alternatives to antibiotics for poultry production. Probiotics can potentially reduce enteric diseases in livestock and enhance their productivity. The aim of this study was to isolate putative probiotics from camel milk and test them against Salmonella infection as well as host immune development. Thirteen different isolates were obtained from six different camel milk samples from dairy farms in Saudi Arabia. Three of the six isolates (PM1, PM2, PM3, PM4, PM5, and PM6) that showed Gram-positive characters reacted negatively to catalase and hemolytic assays. PM1, PM5, and PM6 showed significant nonpolar surface properties (>51% hydrophobic) and potent antimicrobial activities against avian pathogens, namely S. enterica, S. typhi, S. aureus, and E. coli. PM5 exhibited substantial probiotic traits; therefore, further focus was given to it. PM5 was identified as Bacillus subtilis OQ913924 by the 16S rRNA sequencing method and showed similarity matrix > 99%. An in vivo chicken model was used to access the health benefits of probiotics. After salmonella infection, the mucosal immune response was significantly increased (p < 0.01), and none of the challenge protocols caused mortality or clinical symptoms after infection in intestinal contents. S. enterica organ infiltration in the spleen, thymus, and small intestine was significantly reduced in the B. subtilis PM5-fed chickens. The S. enterica load in chicken feces was reduced from CFU 7.2 to 5.2 in oral-fed B. subtilis PM5-fed chickens. Probiotic-fed chickens showed buffered intestinal content and positively regulated the level of butyric acid (p < 0.05), and intestinal interleukin 1 beta (IL1-β), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels were reduced (p < 0.05). In addition, B. subtilis PM5 showed significant binding to peritoneal macrophages cells and inhibited S. enterica surface adhesion, indicating co-aggregation of B. subtilis PM5 in macrophage cells. It could be concluded that supplementation with probiotics can improve the growth performance of broilers and the quality of broiler chickens against enteric pathogens. The introduction of this probiotic into the commercial poultry feed market in the near future may assist in narrowing the gap that now exists between chicken breeding and consumer demand.

Ubiquitinomics revealed disease- and stage-specific patterns relevant for the 3PM approach in human sigmoid colon cancers.

The patients with sigmoid colorectal cancer commonly show high mortality and poor prognosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the ubiquitinated proteins and ubiquitination-mediated molecular pathways influence the growth and aggressiveness of colorectal cancer. It emphasizes the scientific merits of quantitative ubiquitinomics in human sigmoid colon cancer. We hypothesize that the ubiquitinome and ubiquitination-mediated pathway networks significantly differ in sigmoid colon cancers compared to controls, which offers the promise for in-depth insight into molecular mechanisms, discovery of effective therapeutic targets, and construction of reliable biomarkers in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM; 3P medicine). The first ubiquitinome analysis was performed with anti-K-ε-GG antibody beads (PTMScan ubiquitin remnant motif [K-ε-GG])-based label-free quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics to identify and quantify ubiquitination profiling between sigmoid colon cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues. A total of 100 human sigmoid colon cancer samples that included complete clinical information and the corresponding gene expression data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Ubiquitination was the main way of protein degradation; the relationships between differentially ubiquitinated proteins (DUPs) and their differently expressed genes (DEGs) and between DUPs and their differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were analyzed between cancer tissues and control tissues. The overall survival of those DUPs was obtained with Kaplan-Meier method. A total of 1249 ubiquitinated sites within 608 DUPs were identified in human sigmoid colon cancer tissues. KEGG pathway network analysis of these DUPs revealed 35 statistically significant signaling pathways, such as salmonella infection, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and ferroptosis. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of 608 DUPs revealed that protein ubiquitination was involved in 98 biological processes, 64 cellular components, 51 molecule functions, and 26 immune system processes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of 608 DUPs revealed multiple high-combined scores and co-expressed DUPs. The relationship analysis between DUPs and their DEGs found 4 types of relationship models, including DUP-up (increased ubiquitination level) and DEG-up (increased gene expression), DUP-up and DEG-down (decreased gene expression), DUP-down (decreased ubiquitination level) and DEG-up, and DUP-down and DEG-down. The relationship analysis between DUPs and their DEPs found 4 types of relationship models, including DUP-up and DEP-up (increased protein expression), DUP-up and DEP-down (decreased protein expression), DUP-down and DEP-up, and DUP-down and DEP-down. Survival analysis found 46 overall survival-related DUPs in sigmoid colon cancer, and the drug sensitivity of overall survival-related DUPs were identified. The study provided the first differentially ubiquitinated proteomic profiling, ubiquitination-involved signaling pathway network changes, and the relationship models between protein ubiquitination and its gene expression and between protein ubiquitination and its protein expression, in human sigmoid colon cancer. It offers the promise for deep insights into molecular mechanisms of sigmoid colon cancer, and discovery of effective therapeutic targets and biomarkers for patient stratification, predictive diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and personalized treatment in the context of 3P medicine. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-023-00328-2.

Metaprofylaxis of salmonellosis in poultry enterprises: review

Metaprophylaxis is aimed at preventing the recurrence of outbreaks and the isolation of the causative agent of an infectious disease. Salmonellosis continues to be a serious threat to the poultry industry and the end consumer of the industry's products. The incidence rates of salmonellosis in the world population from year to year remain consistently high, despite all the efforts made by the medical community. First of all, this phenomenon should be associated with a high level of contamination of food products, especially those obtained in the poultry industry. This causes the stationarity of the infection and the recurrence of epizootic foci. The existing data on epizootic and epidemiological control of poultry and processing enterprises probably do not fully reflect the objective picture of salmonellosis. The solution to the problem could be the introduction of national state programs for the control, prevention and fight against salmonellosis. The prospects of this direction are emphasized by a number of researchers who are constantly looking for more effective means and ways to combat the indicated pathology.The results of studies carried out on the basis of the FSC VIEV as part of monitoring demonstrate an expansion of the spectrum of non-traditional Salmonella serovariants circulating in poultry farms of the Russian Federation. In view of this, the relevance of the search and implementation of new methods of combating salmonellosis is increasing. The presented review covers the history and taxonomy of bacteria of the genus Salmonella, the pathogenicity factors of the pathogen that cause the widespread infection, transmission, etiopathogenesis of salmonellosis, mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial drugs and other features, as well as measures for metaprophylaxis of salmonella infection, incl. using biodisinfectants based on bacteriophages.

A clinical case of severe salmonella infection complicated by acute kidney injury in an 8-year-old child

A clinical case of severe salmonella infection complicated by acute kidney injury in an 8-year-old child

User-friendly, signal-enhanced planar spiral coil-based magnetoelastic biosensor combined with humidity-resistant phages for simultaneous detection of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh produce

A user-friendly, signal-enhanced magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor was newly constructed, consisting of three sensors, a movable pencil-type planar spiral coil, and a set of hand-held signal amplifiers. It was combined with humidity-resistant, wild-type phages instead of humidity-susceptible E2 phage to simultaneously detect Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC) on the surface of an apple. The set of hand-held signal amplifiers, four times smaller than those in the planar spiral coil-based ME biosensor, was constructed with an optimal DC magnetic field strength of 76 G. These optimized hand-held signal amplifiers enhanced the signal amplitude of the sensor by up to 1.5 times, enabling the distinction of individual peaks from three sensors. Both phage-immobilized sensors detected each target specifically under ambient humidity without the need for a bulky humidifier. The optimized exposure time for phage binding with each target on fresh produce was 16 min, almost twice as fast as the rectangular solenoid coil-based ME biosensor. The signal-enhanced ME biosensor detected its target bacteria from a mixture of ST and EC inoculated on an apple simultaneously with an enhanced detection limit of 1.7 ± 0.4 log CFU/25 mm2 for ST and 1.6 ± 0.3 log CFU/25 mm2 for EC. Notably, the detection limit and sensitivity did not show significant differences between each single analyte and bacterial mixture, indicating no interference with another coexisting pathogens. Our findings highlight the signal-enhanced ME biosensor as a rapid, efficient, specific, and user-friendly method for the simultaneous detection of fresh produce-borne pathogens.