Salivary Ca Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of salivary and serum CA 15-3 levels in tobacco users with and without potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

BackgroundThe OSCC's prevalence has increased in recent years, which has made it ranked globally as the sixth malignancy and the third-ranked malignancy in Southeast Asia. The biomarker CA 15-3 have been studied in breast carcinoma and might be useful in diagnosing PMODs and OSCC. Aim: This study aims to evaluate & compare the levels of CA 15-3 in tobacco consumers with and without PMODs and OSCC using saliva and serum. Material and methodsSixty cases were included in the study and were equally distributed among four groups which were the control group, tobacco consumers without PMODs, tobacco consumers with PMODs, and tobacco consumers with OSCC. Serum and saliva were obtained from the patients and were analyzed for CA 15-3 levels using the sandwich ELISA technique. ResultsThe mean serum CA 15-3 level was higher among subjects in tobacco consumers with OSCC (18.57 ± 4.62) followed by tobacco consumers with PMODs (6.83 ± 1.82), tobacco consumers without PMODs (4.51 ± 0.92) and normal group (2.035 ± 0.32). The mean salivary CA 15-3 level was increased among subjects in tobacco consumers with OSCC (2.025 ± 0.29) followed by tobacco consumers with PMODs (1.21 ± 0.19), tobacco consumers without PMODs (0.58 ± 0.14) and normal group (0.31 ± 0.072). This difference in CA 15-3 level was statistically highly significant among all the groups(p < 0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that the serum CA 15-3 and salivary CA 15-3 can be a good adjunct in diagnosing OSCC. However, salivary CA 15-3 levels obtained in this study indicated that the saliva can be used as an alternative tool for diagnosis.

Sucrose rinse modulates the salivary behavior of carbonic anhydrase VI and its buffering capacity: a longitudinal study in 4 to 6.5-year-old children.

Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is crucial in regulating oral pH and predicting susceptibility to dental caries. The hypothesis posits that caries activity may alter the CA VI function, diminishing its capacity to regulate pH effectively and potentially exacerbating cariogenic challenges. This 1-year cohort study sought to investigate the enzymatic activity of salivary CA VI and buffering capacity following a 20% sucrose rinse in 4 to 6.5-year-old children. This research involved 46 volunteers categorized into three groups based on their caries status after follow-up: caries-free (CFee), arrested caries (CArrested), and caries active (CActive). Children underwent visible biofilm examination and saliva collection for salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and CA VI analyses before and after a 20% sucrose rinse. A reduction in the buffering capacity was observed after sucrose rinse in all groups. The CA VI activity decreased significantly in CFee and CArrested groups after sucrose rinse, although it did not change in the CActive group. An improvement in the buffering capacity and salivary flow rate was found at follow-up when compared with the baseline. After 1-year follow-up, buffering capacity and salivary flow rate increased in all groups, whilst the CA VI activity reduced only in CFree and CArrested children. Sucrose rinse universally reduces the salivary buffering capacity, while caries activity may disrupt CA VI activity response during a cariogenic challenge. After a year, increased salivary flow enhances buffering capacity but not CA VI activity in caries-active children.

Evaluation of Salivary CA 125 Antigen in Patients with Oral Cancer, Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and in Comparison, with Healthy Controls - A cross sectional study

Evaluation of Salivary CA 125 Antigen in Patients with Oral Cancer, Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and in Comparison, with Healthy Controls - A cross sectional study

Assessment and Correlation of Salivary Ca, Mg, and pH in Smokers and Non-Smokers with Generalized Chronic Periodontitis.

Background and Objectives: Diagnostic evaluation with the aid of biomarkers has reached newer heights to assess disease activity. Salivary calcium, magnesium, and pH are one of the biochemical parameters which can be helpful in assessing the progression of periodontal disease. Smokers are at topnotch threat for having oral diseases, predominantly periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the salivary calcium, magnesium, and pH levels in smokers compared with non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on 210 individuals affected with generalized chronic periodontitis, with the age group between 25 and 55 years. Based on their smoking habit, an equal number of patients were categorized into two groups; namely, group I consisted of non-smokers and group II consisted of smokers. The clinical parameters that were measured included Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). The biochemical variables that were evaluated in the current study included salivary calcium, magnesium, and pH using an AVL9180 electrolyte analyzer (Roche, Germany). The gathered data were analyzed with an unpaired t test was using SPSS 20.0. Results: A statistically significant higher PPD (p < 0.01), CAL (p < 0.05), and salivary calcium levels (p < 0.001) were observed in the smokers' compared with their non-smoking counterparts. Among the biochemical parameters, calcium showed a significantly (p < 0.001) higher level in smokers (5.79 ± 1.76) in contrast to non-smokers (3.87 ± 1.03). Additionally, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between calcium and PPD was observed in non-smokers, whereas a non-significant inverse relation (p > 0.05) was seen in smokers. Conclusions: The present study indicates that the salivary calcium level can be a potential biochemical parameter to assess the progression of periodontal disease in smokers and non-smokers. Within the limitations of the current study, the salivary biomarkers appear to have an essential role in the identification and indication of the status of periodontal diseases.

Assessment of minerals in biological fluids in people with obesity: A pilot study

Background and AimObesity is a multifactorial disease that can lead to nutritional metabolic disorders, in which the general state of trace elements and minerals are altered. Thus, research involving biological fluids to assess the metabolic nutritional status of minerals Manganese (Mn); Selenium (Se); Strontium (Sr); Zinc (Zn); Molybdenum (Mo); Copper (Cu); Iron (Fe); Calcium (Ca); Magnesium (Mg) and Chromium (Cr) are essential in people with obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of these trace elements and minerals in different biological fluids (plasma, erythrocytes, saliva, urine and tear) from people with and without obesity. MethodsThe experimental sample consisted of 28 volunteers divided into two groups: Obesity Group (OG, n = 14) and Non-Obese (NO, n = 14), who were clinically evaluated by anthropometry, body composition and biochemical tests. Minerals were assessed in different biological fluids (plasma, erythrocyte, saliva, urine and tear) using the ICP-MS methodology. A significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) was considered. Data were shown as mean ± standard deviation. ResultsAnthropometric evaluation, body composition and LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in the OG (p < 0.05), as expected. Plasma minerals were significantly lower in OG than the NO (Se = 184±102 vs 229±83 µg/L (p= = 0.027); Fe= 578±346 vs 1099±529 µg/L (p = 0.005), respectively). Erythrocyte and salivary minerals were significantly higher in, in OG than the NO, (erythrocyte Mg = 5.8 ± 0.8 vs 5.0 ± 0.7 mg/dL (p = 0.041) and salivary Ca = 2.7 ± 0.9 vs 1.8 ± 1.0 mg/dL (p = 0.027), respectively). Furthermore, urine minerals were significantly lower in OG than the NO, (Se = 17.4 ± 5.6 vs 26.0 ± 12.7 µg/L (p = 0.034) and Mo = 27.0 ± 14.3 vs 52±39.2 µg/L (p = 0.041), respectively). Regarding tears, there was no difference between groups (p > 0.05). ConclusionOur study provides a better understanding of minerals concentrations in different biological fluids in people with obesity. Besides, this study may contribute to future identification of potential minerals biomarkers. However, considering our study's major limitation was its small sample size, caution should be taken when interpreting the results.

Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase VI from Human Milk and Saliva

Carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide and take part in many essential physiological processes. In humans, 15 CAs are characterized, including the only secreted isoenzyme CA VI. CA VI has been linked to specific processes in the mouth, namely bitter taste perception, dental caries, and maintenance of enamel pellicle, and implicated in several immunity-related phenomena. However, little is known of the mechanisms of the above. In this study, we characterized human CA VI purified from saliva and milk with biophysical methods and measured their enzyme activities and acetazolamide inhibition. Size-exclusion chromatography showed peaks of salivary and milk CA VI corresponding to hexameric state or larger at pH 7.5. At pH 5.0 the hexamer peaks dominated. SDS- PAGE of milk CA VI protein treated with a bifunctional crosslinker further confirmed that a majority of CA VI is oligomers of similar sizes in solution. Mass spectrometry experiments confirmed that both of the two putative N-glycosylation sites, Asn67 and Asn256, are heterogeneously glycosylated. The attached glycans in milk CA VI were di- and triantennary complex-type glycans, carrying both a core fucose and 1 to 2 additional fucose units, whereas the glycans in salivary CA VI were smaller, seemingly degraded forms of core fucosylated complex- or hybrid-type glycans. Mass spectrometry also verified the predicted signal peptide cleavage site and the terminal residue, Gln 18, being in pyroglutamate form. Thorough characterization of CA VI paves way to better understanding of the biological function of the protein.

Debonding of orthodontic appliance changes salivary physicochemical properties and favors regression of active caries lesions: A 13-week follow-up study.

This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate whether orthodontic appliance removal (OAR) combined with caries-preventive strategies and fluoride varnish treatments alters salivary physicochemical properties, changes the activity of carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VIACT ) and α-amylase (α-AMLACT ), and favors the regression of active caries lesions (ACL). Twenty-two individuals aged between 13 and 24years were assessed for the presence of visible biofilm, daily sugar exposure, caries activity, salivary flow rate (SFR), pH, buffering capacity (BC), and CA VIACT and α-AMLACT activity at baseline, and 1, 5, and 13weeks after OAR. Variables were assessed using repeated-measures analysis of variance, Cochran's Q and McNemar's test, and Pearson's correlation. We observed a significant decrease in the number of ACL at the 5-week (29% reduction) and 13-week follow-ups (58% reduction). At the 5- and 13-week follow-ups, the percentage of visible biofilm and sugar exposure decreased, whereas the salivary pH and α-AMLACT activity significantly increased. BC and CA VIACT remained unchanged throughout the follow-up. OAR combined with caries-preventive strategies and fluoride varnish treatments favored the regression of ACL and increased salivary pH and α-AMLACT activity, whereas BC and CA VIACT remained stable.

A prospective study for Assessment of saliva CA- 125 level in oral cancer patients

Aim: To detect CA- 125 level in saliva of oral cancer patients. Methodology: A total of fifty- six SCC patients and thirty healthy subjects were selected. A non- stimulated whole saliva (5cc) was collected and evaluated for CA- 125 level ELISA. Results: A higher salivary CA 125 level (514.2±132.6 U/mL) was observed in poorly differentiated SCC followed by moderately differentiated (340.6±80.2 U/mL) and minimum values was observed in well differentiated SCC (236.2±76.2 U/mL). The mean± SD CA- 125 level in group I patients was 428.5± 110.2 U/mL and in group II was 132.4± 58.6 U/mL. Higher salivary CA 125 level (520.5±168.4 U/mL) was observed in stage IV and minimum in stage I (165.2±46.2 U/mL) which was statistically significant (P&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with poorly differentiated SCC, cases of buccal mucosa and stage IV exhibited higher values of salivary CA- 125 level as compared to healthy control. Key words: Oral Cancer, Saliva, Tongue, CA- 125

Homeopathy and levels of Ca++ salivary in the prevention of dental caries

Comparative studies between systemic inducing bone neoformation medications showed favorable results for homeopathic medicines. (Almeida et al., 2000; Werkman et al., 2006, FARINA, 2010). The Calcareas, are described in the literature for their action in the mineralization processes and increase of the levels of Ca ++ tissue ((LATHOUD, 1998; ARGENTA, 2005; VIJNOVSKY, 1999; VOISIN, 1971). NARDY-MELO, 2013, found that Calcarea carbonica 6CH, Calcarea phosphorica 6CH and Calcarea fluorica 6CH, when given as a compound, are statistically significant for increasing tissue Ca ++ levels. Objective This randomized controlled multicentric study, approved by the UniFOA's Human beings Research Ethics Committee CAAE:39002914.0.0000.5237, has aspiration to quantify the level of Ca + + salivary in front of the administration of homeopathic medicines Calcarea Carbonica, Calcarea Phosphorica, Calcarea Fluorica, as supporting in the prevention of dental caries, Demineralization and Dental l, from the stimulus to increase of Ca + + salivary. Method (n=48) Children in the age range of 04 to 16 years, with high rate of dental caries, submitted to dental treatment, without the preventive application of fluoride topical and specific food guidelines were divided randomly, in 2 groups according to the medication experienced: GI – Calcarea Carbonica 6CH; Calcarea phosphorica 6 CH; Calcarea fluorica 6CH, in the dose of 3 daily drops for 15 days a month for three months. GII – Upward scales of Calcarea Carbonica 6CH; Calcarea phosphorica 6CH; Calcarea fluorica 6CH, in the dose of 3 daily drops, in the first month. Calcarea Carbonica 9CH; Calcarea phosphorica 9CH; Calcarea fluorica 9CH, in the dose of 3 daily drops, in the second month. Calcarea Carbonica 12CH; Calcarea phosphorica 12CH; Calcarea fluorica 12CH, in the dose of 3 daily drops, in the third month. The salivary Ca + + levels was measured before the administration of the first dose and monthly, for 03 consecutive months. The calcium (mg/dl) salivary indices were determined by optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results The results were submitted to statistical analysis with Student T-Test (significance with P &lt; 0.05) and analysis of variance Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Conclusion: The averages of calcium increase under the action of homeopathic medicinal products: Calcarea Carbonica, Calcarea Phosphorica and Calcarea Fluorica, in this study, do not differ in G I and G II and in both groups the increase in salivary calcium level was statistically significant to 0.5%.

Full-Scale Clinical Data and Reshaped Intestinal Microbiome on a Short-Term Low-Phosphorus Diet among Healthy Adults

During the past few decades, phosphorus intake has dramatically increased along with higher protein intake and overuse of inorganic phosphate additives worldwide. The detrimental effects of overconsumption of phosphorus are well recognized for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and dietary phosphorus restriction was recommended for these patients. However, the effects of dietary phosphorus restriction in healthy people have not been fully studied. In this open-label crossover study, healthy adult men (n=12) consumed normal phosphorus diet (NPD, 1,500mg/d) for fivedays. After a 10-day washout period, healthy adults took low phosphorus diet (LPD, 500mg/d) for another fivedays. On the fifth day of each intervention, blood, urine and saliva samples were collected at ten time points, and fecal specimens were collected for bacterial taxa identification. We found that 24-h mean levels of serum phosphate (Pi), urinary Pi, serum parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 decreased, while serum calcium (Ca) and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D increased significantly under LPD compared with those under NPD. Dietary phosphorus intake did not change salivary Pi, urinary Ca, salivary Ca and magnesium (Mg) metabolism. Compared with NPD, LPD increased the relative abundance of beneficial microbes including Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, indicating that multiple bacterial metabolic pathways have been shifted. Full-scale data of dietary phosphorus restriction on Pi, Ca and Mg metabolism in healthy male adults are provided. More importantly, for the first time, dietary phosphorus restriction was found to reshape the intestinal microbiome, which provides information for benefits of dietary phosphorus restriction in healthy people, and potential clues for treating patients with CKD.

Carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm can predict early childhood caries: A preliminary study.

This study aimed to investigate whether carbonic anhydrase VI activity (CA VIACT ), pH, and buffering capacity (BC) in saliva and biofilm could predict the number of lesion occurrence and early childhood caries (ECC). A cross-sectional study was performed in a sample of 44 children aged 4 to 5years who were examined regarding their caries status (dmfs+active white spot lesions-WSL) and allocated into two groups: ECC and caries-free (CF). Saliva and biofilm were collected to determine pH, BC, and CA VIACT . Data were analyzed using the Student t test, and multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses followed by the ROC curve. Children with ECC exhibited lower pH and BC in saliva and a higher CA VIACT in both saliva and biofilm. Only saliva pH could predict the dmfs+active WSL. In biofilm, if CA VIACT is increased by one pixel/µg, 0.85±0.28 increase is expected in the number of active WSL. Salivary pH and CA VIACT in saliva and biofilm had the power to predict ECC occurrence. Changes in saliva pH and CA VIACT in biofilm predicted the number of lesion occurrence. Furthermore, CA VIACT in both saliva and biofilm can predict propensity for ECC.

Relationship between Stress and Bone Density, Using Salivary Cortisol, in Young Adult Women

Although cortisol is believed to increase the osteoclast activity and accentuate bone resorption, few studies are available on cortisol and bone density. This study uses salivary cortisol to investigate the relationship thereof with bone density. Furthermore, we investigated whether the salivary Ca concentration could be an effective biomarker in bone evaluations using salivary cortisol. This study targeted 188 healthy female college students (18 - 25 years old). Calcaneus bone density (Speed of Sound: SOS) was measured using an ultrasonic bone density measurement device. Food intake was calculated via a food intake frequency survey. The saliva of subjects was collected in order to measure the cortisol concentration using an enzyme immunoassay, while the salivary Ca concentration was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The relationship between salivary cortisol and SOS was not significant, with a correlation coefficient of -0.13, indicating a negative correlation and leading to the observation that those with lower salivary cortisol levels tended to have higher SOS. The relationship between salivary cortisol and salivary Ca concentration was not significant, with a correlation coefficient of +0.15, indicating a positive correlation and leading to the observation that those with higher salivary cortisol concentrations tended to have higher salivary Ca concentrations. No significant correlation was observed in the relationship between salivary Ca concentration and SOS. Because the cortisol in saliva responds more sensitively to acute stress than to chronic stress, this may not have had obvious significance. Furthermore, the salivary Ca concentration indicated large fluctuations, depending on the daily external conditions, particularly in terms of food; therefore, it is believed that the presence or absence of dietary intake before the survey affected the results. The above results suggest that bone density may decrease, while salivary Ca concentration may increase when salivary cortisol concentration increases due to stress.

Effect of ageing on selected salivary chemical compositions and dental caries experience among group of adults

Background: Ageing is a continuous accumulative ordinary physiological phenomena occurs upon all organs and body structures including saliva by its constituents which can influence the caries process, for that this study was conducted to determine the impact of ageing on selected chemical composition of saliva and their effects on dental caries experience characteristics at different age groups among apparently healthy men. Materials and method: A descriptive comparative study was conducted to compare between three study samples (young, middle and old age adults), thirty male in each study insert, aged (20 years, 40 years and 60 years) respectively. They were selected from private health center in Baghdad - Iraq, from the mid of November 2017until the end of February 2018, where they subjected to complete body investigations to confirm their health status, followed by thorough general body history and oral examination. Caries experience was recorded according to the criteria of WHO in1987. Un-stimulated saliva was collected according to Navazesh and Kumer and analyzed chemically to determine the level of calcium ions and alkaline phosphatase. All data then statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Results: The current study, showed that the caries experience represented by DMFs increased with increasing age, by which the highest mean value of DMFs was established in the oldest age (60.37± 31.39) and the lowest mean value was noted among the youngest age (7.27±8.02). A significant differences existed between all study samples (p≤0.05). However, the missing surfaces represented the largest proportion of DMFs value when compared to Ds and Fs among all ages Iin the current study, with significant differences (p≤0.05) was followed by the decay fraction that found to be increased with age but with no significant difference. Salivary Calcium ions showed decreasing with increasing age with statically significant differences among different study samples while salivary alkaline phosphatase was increased with increasing age with no significant differences. Concerning the caries experience among the study samples, the salivary Ca+2 ions inversely correlated while alkaline phosphates correlated positively with caries experience. Conclusion: there is a significant age related changes on the selected chemical constituents of saliva that could affect the caries experience

Utility Of Salivary CA-125 And LDH As Tumor Markers In Oral Malignancy

Background: The mortality and morbidity associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) can be greatly reduced if tumor markers which can detect OSCC at an early stage are available. This study attempts to use saliva as the diagnostic medium to determine the correlation of salivary CA 125 and LDH in tobacco users with and without potentially malignant disorders. Changes in CA 125 and LDH level can be used as a marker in patients with and without premalignant disease and can be used as a deterrent in continuation of the habit. Aims: To assess the role of CA 125 &amp; LDH as a tumour marker in Oral cancer patients. Materials and methods: Cross sectional observational study .Time period: December 2015 to August 2017. Study area: OPD of tertiary care hospital in pune. Total participants: 150 persons. Under non-stimulatory conditions whole saliva sample was collected from each individual and was centrifuged. The resulting supernatant was used for estimation of CA 125 and LDH levels. Results: In present study, mean Salivary LDH level was found to be lowest among cases of healthy individuals while it was highest among individuals who were diagnosed and underwent treatment for malignancy. However there was insignificant difference seen between levels of diagnosed case of oral malignancy and the ones who underwent treatment for oral malignancy. Also mean Salivary CA-125 was lowest in healthy individuals and highest in individuals diagnosed with oral malignancy and the levels were seen to be reduced significantly in the one who underwent treatment for oral malignancies than those who didn't. Conclusion: Salivary CA 125 and LDH has a role in early detection of oral malignancies and can be used as a diagnostic marker. However LDH levels are persistently raised even after treatment for oral malignancy.

LEVELS OF VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM AS RISK FACTORS FOR CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate, compare and correlate the serum and salivary vitamin D3 (VitD3) in form of [25 (OH) D] and calcium (Ca) levels in healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis (C.P) patients. Subjects and methods: The study included 50 subjects divided into 2 groups: 30 C.P patients and 20 periodontally healthy subjects. Clinical examination was performed for all subjects, salivary and blood samples were collected from all 50 subjects. Salivary and serum VitD3 levels were assessed by ELISA assay, while Ca was measured colouremetrically. Results : Salivary and serum VitD3 levels were significantly higher in control subjects compared to C.P patients. Salivary Ca level was significantly higher in C.P group than control group but serum Ca level showed insignificance higher level in control group than C.P patients. No significance correlation was observed except for saliva and serum VitD3 levels there was a statistical significance correlation in the control group. Conclusion: Low salivary and serum VitD3 and high salivary Ca levels are associated with periodontitis, they might be considered as risk factors for periodontal diseases but this association need to be confirmed in more future studies.

Acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation: possibilities for predicting the clinical course at the posthospital (6 and 12 months) stage

Aim. To measure blood IL-6, IL-10, creatinine levels, calcium, sodium and potassium in blood and saliva, melatonin in urine of patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation for the prediction of the clinical course at the posthospital stage. Material and methods. The study included 93patients with complicated (n=46) and uncomplicated (n=47) coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation. Blood IL-6, IL-10, creatinine levels, calcium, sodium and potassium in blood and saliva, melatonin in urine were determined on days 1-3 after hospitalization. 6-hydroxymelatonin was measured by HPLC in urine collected between 23 p.m. and 8 a.m., melatonin i in urine collected between 8 a.m. and 23 p.m. Results. Complicated coronary syndrome was associated with increased levels of melatonin (night), blood IL-10 and Na, salivary Na and Ca while the uncomplicated condition with increased blood melatonin (daytime), IL-6, creatinine, Ca, Na, K, and salivary K. 90 patients were followed up within 12 months after discharge. End-points developed in 36 (40%) of Original investigations them. Logistic analysis yielded variables and 2 logistic regression equations The data on night melatonin +5 and +4 were included in ROC analysis. The night melatonin +5 values over 0.7453 were associated with increased risk of complications in the post-hospital period (6 months) and values of0.7453 or lower with the enhanced probability of uncomplicated clinical course. Prognostic sensitivity was estimated at 90%, specificity at -54.39%. The night melatonin +4 values over 0.2903 were associated with increased risk of complications in the post-hospital period (12 months) and values of 0.2903 or lower with the enhanced probability of uncomplicated clinical course. Prognostic sensitivity was estimated at 77.8%, specificity at -59.26%. Conclusion. The night melatonin +5 and +4 models can be used to predict the clinical course of acute coronary syndrome during 6 and 12 months of the post-hospitalization period.

A salivary biochemical analysis of certain recruits associated with suicidal ideation

ObjectiveTo explore the biochemical indicators of the persons at high risk of suicide.AimsTo achieve early screening of the persons at high risk of suicide.MethodsSuicide ideation of new recruits was generally investigated with self-rating idea of suicide scale (SIOSS). Twenty-five recruits whose scores were more than 12 were recognized as the suicide ideation group. Another 25 recruits without suicide ideation were randomly selected as the control group. Saliva samples of each group were collected for biochemical analysis after one month and three months. The SIOSS was used again for evaluation of suicide ideation.ResultsAfter one month, the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Amy and SA in saliva were demonstrated to be statistically different between the two groups. After three months, the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Amy and SA in saliva between the two groups showed no significantly difference. According to SIOSS results, only 7 persons of the original suicidal ideation group were recognized as suicidal ideation group, the other 18 people's SIOSS scores were less than 12. And the SIOSS scores of the control group (without suicidal ideation group) were also less than 12. There was no statistical difference in the three groups for comparison of salivary Ca, Mg, Amy and SA.ConclusionThe biochemical indicators l of saliva lack specificity for suicidal ideation screening.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Comparison of salivary calcium level in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and healthy controls.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare salivary calcium (Ca) level in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and healthy controls.Materials and Methods:56 subjects were included in the study and were grouped as follows: 12 subjects who were periodontally healthy (Group I), 12 subjects having chronic periodontitis who were non-smokers (Group II), 12 non-smokers having aggressive periodontitis (Group III), 12 smokers with chronic periodontitis (Group IV), and 8 smokers with aggressive periodontitis (Group V). Clinical measurements and non-stimulated whole saliva samples were obtained and analyzed for Ca levels by ion-selective electrolyte analyzer.Results:When salivary Ca values were compared between the groups, they showed statistically significant values (P < 0.001) with the highest mean Ca level in Group IV and Group V, which include smokers with chronic periodontitis and smokers with aggressive periodontitis, respectively, than in other groups. Between groups II and III also, the mean salivary Ca level was statistically significant (P < 0.001) with higher mean salivary Ca in non-smokers having chronic periodontitis than in non-smokers having aggressive periodontitis.Conclusions:The present study showed that smokers having chronic periodontitis as well as smokers having aggressive periodontitis have higher salivary calcium levels. Also, patients with aggressive periodontitis were found to have lesser salivary calcium level than chronic periodontitis patients by ion-selective electrolyte analyzer.

Significant correlation between salivary and serum Ca 15-3 in healthy women and breast cancer patients.

The tumor marker CA 15-3 is one of the most import reliable for metastatic breast cancer monitoring. While it is generally assessed in serum of patients, blood sampling is an invasive method compared to saliva sampling which is simple and could be an alternative to blood according to many studies. The aim of this investigation was to assess the relationship between serum and salivary concentrations of the protein CA 15-3 in patients with breast cancer and healthy asymptomatic volunteers. A case-control study was conducted with 60 women: 29 breast cancer patients from the Maternity Hospital Souissi Rabat (Morocco) and 31 healthy asymptomatic women. The CA 15-3 concentrations in saliva and serum samples were assessed using an enzyme immune assay (EIA kits) and comparison between cases and controls was made by the Mann-Whitney test. The correlation between serum and saliva CA 15-3 concentration was tested using Pearson correlation. The comparison result of CA15-3 concentration in saliva and serum level in cases and controls was not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, the correlation between salivary and serum CA 15-3 concentration was positive and statistically significant (r=0.27, p=0.03). In conclusion, the positive correlation between salivary and serum expression found in our study suggests that saliva could be an alternative to blood sampling to help breast cancer monitoring.

Periodontal health status and salivary parameters in pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy is considered a major risk factor for development and progression of periodontal disease. There are hormonal changes in both estrogen and progesterone hormones in addition to bacterial effect and poor oral hygiene that will enhance development of periodontal disease in pregnant women. Materials and methods: Seventy subjects were enrolled in the study, the subjects with an age range (20-35) years old without any history of systemic disease. The subjects were divided into 20 non-pregnant women they represent the control group (G I), 30 pregnant women with gingivitis (GII) and 20 pregnant women with periodontitis (GIII).All periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) were recorded and 5ml of unstimulated saliva was collected for each subject. The collected saliva was centrifuged and clear supernatant was collected and kept frozen until biochemical analysis of salivary enzymes which included ALP, LDH and salivary Calcium. Results: No significant difference in the mean value of salivary ALP between GI and G II, while there is high significant difference between GI and GIII. There was significant difference in the salivary LDH and Ca levels between control group and group II, while there is highly significant difference of salivary LDH and Ca between group I and group III.There was significant difference in the number of bleeding sites, and probing pocket depth (PPD) among all groups. There was increase in the total number of all scores of PPD (score 1,2 and 3) GII and GIII compared to GI. Conclusions: Thepregnant women revealed more periodontal disease conditions (gingivitis and periodontitis) due to hormonal changes superimposed with microbial infection. Salivary enzymes (ALP, LDH) and salivary calcium are considered as good biochemical markers of periodontal tissue destruction and can be used to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on periodontal health status.