Saline Extracts Research Articles

Preparation of an anti-isoprocarb monoclonal antibody and its application in developing an immunochromatographic strip assay.

In this study, a carboxyl group was introduced into the isoprocarb molecule to obtain an isoprocarb hapten, which was then coupled with a protein to obtain an artificial antigen. Three monoclonal antibody cell lines, 1D11, 6E6 and 1B5, were finally obtained by mouse immunization, cell fusion and subcloning, and the antibody produced by cell line 1B5 had the best affinity and sensitivity. The monoclonal antibody was highly sensitive and specific for isoprocarb, with an IC50 of 2.09 ng/ml and a cross-reactivity rate of <0.21%. By optimizing the indirect competitive (ic)-ELISA, the optimal conditions were determined to be pH 7.4, 0% methanol and 0.8% NaCl, the limit of detection value was 0.23 ng/ml, and the linear range of the ic-ELISA was 0.46-9.62 ng/ml. The recovery rate of the isoprocarb cucumber sample was 97-99% for the ic-ELISA method. In addition, we successfully developed an immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of isoprocarb residues. The cutoff values in phosphate-buffered saline and cucumber extract were 10 and 25 ng/ml, respectively. Both methods met the requirements for isoprocarb residue detection in agricultural products, and can be used for semiquantitative and qualitative analysis of isoprocarb in vegetables.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA EXTRACT PREVENT CONTRAST-INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN RATS

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the anti-apoptosis effect of the extract from Phyllanthus emblica (PE) for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI).&#x0D; Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were given saline (control) or PE extracts (500 mg/kg/day) for 5 days before the induction of CI-AKI. Renal tissues were collected for an evaluation of gene expression and immunohistochemistry (IHC). To indicate anti-apoptotic effect, the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase in kidney were also determined, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis.&#x0D; Results: In the CI-AKI group, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 were upregulated in the CI-AKI group, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated. However, the pre-treatment with PE increased Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, decreased cleaved-caspases-3 activity was also detected using IHC.&#x0D; Conclusion: These findings suggested that pretreatment with PE extract provided the anti-apoptotic effect against CI-AKI in the rat model.

Anti-Ascaris suum immunoglobulin Y as a novel biotechnological tool for the diagnosis of human ascariasis.

Human ascariasis is a neglected tropical disease of great relevance to public health and is considered the most frequent helminthiasis in poor regions. Accurately diagnosing this parasite has been challenging due to limitations of current diagnostic methods. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) technology is a very effective alternative for the production of highly specific and profitable antibodies. This study aimed to produce and apply anti-Ascaris suum IgY antibodies in the immunodiagnosis of human ascariasis. Five immunizations comprising total saline extract from A. suum adult life forms were given at 14-day intervals to Gallus gallus domesticus hens of the Isa Brown line. Eggs and blood samples were collected weekly and fortnightly, respectively, to monitor the production of antibodies. The specificity of antibodies was confirmed by dot-blot, kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), avidity ELISA, immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence antibody tests. The application for disease diagnosis was performed through the detection of immune complexes in human serum samples by sandwich ELISA. Peaks of IgY anti-A. suum production occurred at weeks 6 and 8. IgY showed high avidity levels after the second dose of immunization, ranging from 64% to 93%, with a mean avidity index of 78.30%. Purified IgY recognized 12 bands of proteins from A. suum saline extract. Eggs, the uterine portion and cuticles of A. suum female adult are reactive in immunofluorescence. The detection of immune complexes showed diagnostic values of 80% sensitivity and 90% specificity. In conclusion, specific IgY have been shown to be a potential immunodiagnostic tool with promising future applications in human ascariasis.

Investigating effect of Amino Acids Leucine, Valine and Alanine on Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of purified Acetone fractions of Sweet Lemon, Garlic and Onion

Alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP, ALKP, ALPase, Alk Phos) (EC 3.1.3.1) produced by plants and microbes is presumed to convert organic phosphorus into available pi, which is absorbed by plants. Considering the importance of Alkaline phosphate enzyme and the balance between its function in the development of various diseases by increasing and decreasing the enzyme level by enzyme activating and regulating compounds, including amino acids and ions, which act as coenzyme and cofactor for the enzyme Can be a major role in Disease improvement. This study aims to comparatively investigate the inhibiting effect of the three Amino Acid as well as Alanine, Leucine and valine on Alkaline phosphatase was which extracted from Sweet Lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck), Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Onion (Allium cepa L.). In this study, Leucine, Alanine and Valine amino acids showed strong inhibitory effects 23%, 26% and 34% respectively activity of Alkaline phosphatase obtained saline extract of plants Sweet Lemon, Garlic and Onion.&#x0D;

Effects of Berberis vulgaris Extract on Lipid Profile, Kidney and Liver Function in Experimental Dyslipidemia

The ability of Berberis vulgaris bark extract (BVE) to improve the lipid profile was evaluated in an experimental model of dyslipidemia, along with its effects on liver and kidney functions. Fifty rats divided into five groups of ten animals each were fed with normal or lard-based diet and orally treated with 0.9% saline solution, atorvastatin (2.5 mg/kg per body weight) or extract of BVE (300 and 500 mg/kg/day) for eight weeks. Lipid profile, liver and renal functions were assessed in normal and diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. The results were compared between the groups treated with Berberis extract and the group without treatment, respectively that one treated with the standard drug (atorvastatin). Administration of BVE or atorvastatin significantly decreases the elevated serum lipid profile (p [0.05). The extract also protects against dyslipidemia-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The activities of the plant extract are dose dependent and it compares favorably with the standard drug atorvastatin. Variations in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and urea level measurements were neither different between the two determinations nor between groups, but creatinine values decreased in rats in the BVE or atorvastatin-treated groups. The findings of the current study have suggested that BVE intake suppresses the accumulation of hepatic lipids and lipid parameters and reduce the risk of NAFLD. So, BVE can be useful in hypercholesterolemia.

Neurocysticercosis serodiagnosis: mimotope-based synthetic peptide as potential biomarker.

Herein, we evaluate a mimotope-based synthetic peptidenamed NC41 to diagnose neurocysticercosis (NC), a neglected parasitic disease and a major cause of epilepsy worldwide. NC41 synthetic peptide was evaluated to diagnose NC, and total saline extract from Taenia solium metacestodes (SE) was used as control. Serum samples from patients with NC (n = 40), other parasitic diseases (n = 43), and healthy individuals (n = 40) were tested. Diagnostic parameters such as sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), likelihood ratio (LR), and area under curve (AUC) were calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The sequence from T. solium phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was used for epitope prediction, resulting in one high-scoring patch centered at residue L247. NC41 synthetic peptide reached high diagnostic performance (Se 97.5% and Sp 97.5%, LR+ 39 and AUC 0.997). Data from diagnostic parameters and in silico analyses proved the usefulness of NC41 synthetic peptide as a diagnostic marker for human NC.

Assessment of 28-day oral toxicity and antipyretic activity of the saline extract from Pilosocereus gounellei (Cactaceae) stem in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevancePilosocereus gounellei is a plant found in the Brazilian Caatinga and is popular due to its traditional uses in the treatment of inflammation. The present study was conducted to investigate the sub-acute toxicity of the saline extract from the stem of P. gounellei. Aim of the studyTo evaluate the 28-day oral toxicity (through behavioral, biochemical, hematological, and morphological analysis) and the antipyretic activity of the extract in mice. Materials and methodsA single oral dose (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) was administered daily over 28 consecutive days to male and female mice. Body weight, food and water intake, blood biochemical and hematological parameters, and urine composition were recorded. Histopathological examinations of the liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, and heart were performed and oxidative stress in the organs was evaluated by lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and nitrite analysis. The antipyretic effect of the 500 mg/kg dose was assessed using a yeast-induced pyrexia model. ResultsOral administration of the extract over 28 days did not affect body weight gain, food and water consumption, body temperature, and hematological parameters in male and female mice. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in male and female mice were reduced. Protein in the urine and histological alterations in both the liver and lungs were detected in male and female mice treated with the highest dose of the extract. SOD levels in the liver and the spleen increased significantly in both sexes, whereas lipid peroxidation decreased in the spleen of male mice. The extract also exerted an antipyretic effect after the first 60 min of the evaluation until the end of the observation duration (180 min). ConclusionThe saline extract from the stem of P. gounellei did not present significant toxic effects over 28 consecutive days and demonstrated antipyretic activity when administered orally. Moreover, the results suggest that the extract has potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Future studies are needed to investigate its pharmacological potential.

Hybrid treatment of coagulation/flocculation process followed by ultrafiltration in TIO2-modified membranes to improve the removal of reactive black 5 dye

Many efforts have been made to minimize the polluting effect of wastewater containing dyes that are potentially toxic to the environment. The association of the coagulation/flocculation (CF) process, using saline extract of Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) seeds and subsequently ultrafiltration (UF) in TiO2-modified membranes was performed to remove reactive black 5 dye (10 ppm, RB5) from aqueous solution. The efficiency of the hybrid process was measured by the removal of the dye concentration, apparent color and fouling parameters. The membranes were successfully modified as supported by characterization methods of SEM, FTIR-ATR and WCA. The efficiency of the processes, when applied separately was low. However, after CF and subsequently the filtration in a TiO2-modified membrane both parameters assessed (dye concentration, apparent color) reached 100% of the removal rate. The modified membranes substantially improved permeate fluxes, for instance, after CF the dye flux for modified membrane enhanced around 49% compared with the flux in the pristine membrane. According to these results, the combination of methods was able to effectively remove RB5 dye, in addition to improving permeate fluxes and keeping fouling at low levels.

Evaluation of antitumor activity and toxicity of Schinus terebinthifolia leaf extract and lectin (SteLL) in sarcoma 180-bearing mice

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSchinus terebinthifolia Raddi is a plant broadly used in folk medicine and the use of its leaf extract as an antitumor agent has been reported. Aim of the studyTo evaluate the antitumor potential and the toxicity of saline extract (SE) and lectin (SteLL) from S. terebinthifolia leaves in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. Materials and methodsCytotoxicity to sarcoma 180 cells was tested in vitro, and antitumor assay was performed using Swiss female mice. The treatments (0.15 M NaCl, negative control; methotrexate 1.5 mg/kg, positive control; SE 100 mg/kg; SteLL 1 and 5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injections started on the 8th day after tumor inoculation and lasted 7 days. It was analyzed: tumor weight; number and gauge of tumor vessels; hematological and biochemical parameters; histopathological changes; and occurrence of micronuclei in bone marrow cells. ResultsSE and SteLL showed IC50 values (concentrations that reduced cell viability to 50%) of 301.65 and 8.30 μg/mL, respectively. The lectin was able to induce apoptosis. Treatments with the extract and lectin caused a 57.6–73.6% reduction in tumor weight, which was not significantly different from the reduction in the methotrexate group. Tumors of animals treated with SteLL at 5 mg/kg showed reduced number of secondary vessels while the gauge was lower in all treated groups. In the groups treated with SteLL, tumors showed reduced and slightly vascularized parenchyma, with necrosis in the center and at the periphery. No alterations in the blood levels of urea, creatine, and glucose were detected while serum AST level was moderately increased in the SE group. Histopathological analysis revealed vacuolization and steatosis in the liver of animals treated with the extract and lectin. In addition, the treatments with SE and SteLL resulted in the reduction of filtration space and alterations in tubular architecture in kidneys. In respect to hematological parameters, it was only detected increase in the number of monocytes in SE group. The extract and lectin did not induce the formation of micronuclei in the bone marrow cells. ConclusionsSE and SteLL had antitumor effect against sarcoma 180 without inducing hematological changes and genotoxic effects in mice; however, some degree of hepatic and renal toxicity was observed, suggesting the evaluation of drug delivery strategies in the future.

Saline extract from Malpighia emarginata DC leaves showed higher polyphenol presence, antioxidant and antifungal activity and promoted cell proliferation in mice splenocytes.

Currently, the research of new natural compounds with biological potential demonstrates great ethnopharmacological importance. In this study, we evaluated the biological properties promoted by saline extract from Malpighia emarginata DC leaves, whose objective is to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potential. Phytochemical characterization was performed by UPLC-MS chromatography to identify the chemical compounds. For the antioxidant potential, DPPH, ATT and FRAP methods were used. The antibacterial and antifungal tests were performed evaluating the MIC50, MIC90, CMB and CMF parameters. Moreover, antibiofilm action was evaluated. Cytotoxicity and proliferation were performed using splenocytes from Balb/c mice and were evaluated by cytometry. We found a list of phenolic compounds among other bioactive compounds in the M. emarginata saline extract. In addition, higher antioxidant profile and antifungal activity against different strains of Candida spp. was promoted by the saline extract. Splenocytes showed greater cell viability (more than 90%) and showed higher proliferate index in 24 and 48 hours of incubation with the extract. Saline extract from Malpighia emarginata DC has potential action like antioxidant and antifungal agent without promote animal cell damage.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Aloe vera, Lemon, Ricinus communis, and Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicament Against Enterococcus faecalis: A Confocal Microscopic Study.

Introduction:The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of different intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis using confocal microscopy.Materials and Methods:Eighty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were used in this study, which were decoronated and instrumented with K-files following which biomechanical preparation was performed up to ProTaper F3. The teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for 21 days. The specimens were divided into five groups according to the medicaments used: saline, calcium hydroxide, Aloe vera, Ricinus communis, and lemon extract. After 7 days of placement of intracanal medicament, the efficacy of the intracanal medicament against E. faecalis was assessed using confocal microscopy. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD (post hoc) test for multiple comparisons.Results:Calcium hydroxide showed significantly greater antimicrobial efficacy than A. vera, lemon, and R. communis (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Complete elimination of E. faecalis was not achieved in any of the experimental groups. Calcium hydroxide was more effective than the other herbal medicaments used.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome: rs1799752 polymorphism of ACE gene.

To investigate the contribution of the deletion polymorphism and insertion (rs1799752) of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene in the aetiology of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). 97 women diagnosed with PCOS who received care at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas of UFTM, participated in this study. The control group consisted of 94 women. All participants were submitted to the collection of 10 mL of whole blood and the genomic DNA was obtained by the saline extraction method. The genotyping of the samples was performed by means of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The statistics analyses were performed by descriptive analysis, univariate analysis and logistic regression model. The results were presented in odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval of 95% (CI-95%), with a significance level of 5% (p≤0.05). There were no statistical differences between patients and controls for the genotypic (χ2 = 1.52, p = 0.47) and allelic frequencies (χ2 = 0.21, p = 0.76). The distribution of the genotypic frequency is not in HWE for patients (χ2 = 18.80, p <0.05) and for controls (χ2 = 6.85, p <0.05). In relation to the risk factors for the syndrome, the history of familial PCOS is more frequent between women with the syndrome. In the study population, there was no association between I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene and PCOS.

Trials for bovine diagnosis using molecular biology

Background: Brucellosis is a major bacterial zoonosis of global importance affecting a range of different mammals including cattle, sheep, goats, swine, rodents, marine mammals and man worldwide. In order to control brucellosis, comprehensive vaccination, surveillance and quarantine programs should be implemented. Both of control and prevention procedures are highly depending on accurate diagnostic tools and effective and safe vaccination programs. idea of this ELISA kit depends on the facts that eryC gene is absent in Brucella abortus S19 only but it is present and functional in all other brucella strains and isolates. Methods & Materials: omp31 as a DNA vaccine against Brucellosis were evaluated in Balb/C mice where eryC recombinant protein as a coating antigen for accurte diagnosis of brucellosis and differention between vaccinated and infected cattle were evaluated using IELISA aganist ELISA using hot saline extract and soluble brucella proteins as a coating antigens as a control postive. Results: results of DNA vaccine in Balb/C mice revealed a 60% protection after challange using brucella melitensis 16 M where results of ELISArevealed that in case of sera of naturally infected cattle, sero-positivity was 94.7%, 100%, 100% and 100% with eryC-ELISA, HSE-ELISA, SBP-ELISA and rose Bengal test respectively where in case of sera of S19 vaccinated cattle, all samples were negative when tested with eryC-ELISA where in case of HSE-ELISA, SBP-ELISA and Rose Bengal test, sero-positivity was 92.3%, 84.6% and 100% respectively. All sera of brucella free cattle were negative when tested with Rose Bengal test and different IELISA tests. Conclusion: The Results of this study recommended the use of omp31 DNA vaccine as a safe vaccine for control of bovine brucellosis and use of eryC protein as a good diagnostic antigen to be used in serological tests for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis and differentiation between infected and Brucella abortus S19-vaccinated cattle but more studies are needed to be done on large cattle populations accompanied with bacteriological isolation to detect the sensitivity and specificity of this protein as a diagnostic antigen and also for validate this test.

Moringa oleifera seed extracts as promising natural thickening agents for food industry: Study of the thickening action in yogurt production

The demand for healthier and less processed food preservatives, which also accumulate therapeutic properties, has attracted the attention of consumers and industries, tus boosting the search for new technologies. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the thickening action performance of Moringa seed extracts in the elaboration of yoghurt. For this purpose, we evaluated the impact of the addition of different fractions of Moringa seed saline extract obtained via ultrafiltration in yogurt fermented by culture probiotic lactic production. In order to evaluate the influence of Moringa additives in final products, analysis of texture, pH, total protein content, susceptibility to syneresis, besides rheology assays, were performed throughout a four week storage-refrigerated period. Results revealed that yogurts added with Moringa extracts presented lower syneresis values, higher protein contents, higher consistency index values and more cohesive casein net, when compared to the control. This study endorses the potential application of Moringa seed extracts as thickener agents in food systems, which could represent a new option in the market of natural food additives.

Can Melissa officinalis improve chromatin structure and sperm parameters in a rat model of varicocele?

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species is a central mechanism in the pathology of varicocele; Melissa officinalis (MO) is a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family that has antioxidant activity. In this study, we have investigated the potential therapeutic effect of MO on sperm parameters and chromatin structure in varicocelised rat. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control, sham, varicocele, MO treatment and placebo groups. Rats in varicocele, MO treatment and placebo groups underwent left varicocele induction. Following the operation, rats in placebo and MO treatment groups received normal saline or MO extract, daily for 10weeks respectively. At 10weeks after varicocele induction, sperm chromatin and parameters were evaluated in all groups. Chromatin structure was evaluated by aniline blue, acridine orange and toluidine blue staining. All three staining outcomes were increased in varicocele and placebocompared control (and sham) groups (p<0.05). Sperm count, motility, morphology and vitality were decreased between varicocele and control (and sham) group (p<0.05). Sperm parameters and chromatin staining (else AB staining) outcomes improve in MO treatment compared to varicocele and placebo groups (p<0.05). These findings suggest that MO ameliorate the harmful effect of varicocele on sperm parameters and chromatin structure.

The Effects of Chicken Embryo Brain Extract on Sciatic Nerve Regeneration of Male Rat; An Experimental Study

Objective:To determine the effects of chicken embryo brain extract (BE) on transects sciatic nerve in male rats. Methods:Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 to 250 g, were randomized into three groups treated with (1) sham surgery, (2) normal saline (NS), and (3) brain extract (BE). The BE was taken from incubating chick embryos at day 8. The sciatic nerve was exposed and sharply transected at the mid thigh level. Immediate epineurial repair was then performed. The BE treated animals were given 400 µl/kg of the chick embryo BE intraperitoneal, once daily, for 2 weeks. All animals were evaluated by sciatic functional index (SFI), electrophysiology, histology, and immunohistochemistry at days 28, 90 after surgery. Results:The mean SFI difference between BE and NS groups at days 28, 60 and 90 after surgery was statistically significant (p=0.086). The mean number of myelinated fibers in the BE group was significantly greater than that of the NS group on days 28 and 90 after surgery (p=0.034). At days 28 and 90 after surgery, the mean nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in the BE group was significantly faster than that of the NS group (p=0.041). Conclusion: These results indicate for the first time that chick embryo brain extract can enhance peripheral nerve regeneration in rat.

Saline extract of Pilosocereus gounellei stem has antinociceptive effect in mice without showing acute toxicity and altering motor coordination

People broadly use medicinal plants although their safety and efficacy are often neglected. Several Cactaceae plants are used for medicinal purposes, but Pilosocereus gounellei (xique-xique) has been little studied for their pharmacological properties. In this study, a saline extract from Pilosocereus gounellei stem was evaluated for acute toxicity, effects on motor function, and antinociceptive activity in mice. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of flavonoids and reducing sugars. No death of mice was noted with oral treatments at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. Body weight gain, food intake, and water consumption were not affected with treatment at 2000 mg/kg. The number of segmented leukocytes was higher in the treated mice than in control, and reduced serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were detected after both extract treatments. No histological alterations in the liver, heart, lung, kidney, and spleen were detected. Open field and rotarod tests showed that the extract did not affect motor function and exploratory activity. Antinociceptive activity was detected in acetic acid-induced writhing, tail-immersion, and formalin tests, indicating interference with both non-inflammatory and inflammatory pain. In conclusion, the P. gounellei extract has antinociceptive activity in mice without showing toxicity and altering motor coordination.

Potential of the Moringa oleifera saline extract for the treatment of dairy wastewater: application of the response surface methodology

ABSTRACTIn this work, the coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation treatment of dairy wastewater samples was investigated through serial factorial designs utilizing the saline extract obtained from Moringa oleifera (Moringa) as a coagulant. The sedimentation time (ST), pH, Moringa coagulant (MC) dose and concentration of CaCl2 have been evaluated through the response surface methodology in order to obtain the ideal turbidity removal (TR) conditions. The empirical quadratic model, in conjunction with the desirability function, demonstrated that it is possible to obtain TRs of 98.35% using a coagulant dose, concentration of CaCl2 and pH of 280 mg L−1, 0.8 mol L−1 and 9, respectively. The saline extract from Moringa presented its best efficiency at an alkaline pH, which influenced the reduction of the ST to a value of 25 min. It was verified that the increase in the solubility of the proteins in the Moringa stimulated the reduction of the coagulant content in the reaction medium, and it is related to the use of calcium chloride as an extracting agent of these proteins. The MC proved to be an excellent alternative for the dairy wastewater treatment, compared to the traditional coagulants.

Efficiency of Cassia fistula Seed as a Natural Coagulant in Raw Water Treatment from Sin� River, Colombia

Objective: To evaluate coagulant activity of Cassia fistula seeds in turbidity removal of raw water from the Sinu River and its influence on pH of treated water. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Saline extracts of Cassia fistula seeds were tested in raw water samples with 10 different turbidity levels and different coagulant doses in a jar test, according to standardized techniques. ANOVA blanks and tables with a 95% confidence level were used to verify if there were statistically significant differences in pH after treatment. Findings: Turbidity removals in raw water reached up to 70% for highly turbid samples (500 to 800 NTU), with a 50 mg L-1 optimum dose. Coagulant activity reached up to 50% for samples with turbidity levels between 250 to 492 NTU, and it was less than 30% for levels from 158 to 241 NTU. No statistically significant change evidence was found in pH of water treated with Cassia fistula seeds as a coagulant. Application/Improvements: This work proved that use of Cassia fistula for raw water treatment from Sinu River could serve as a coagulation aid and not as a primary coagulant. Keywords: Cassia fistula, Coagulant Activity, pH, Raw Water, Sinu River, Turbidity

Evaluation of Magnetic Coagulant (α-Fe2O3-MO) and its Reuse in Textile Wastewater Treatment

The textile industries are characterized as one of the biggest consumers of potable water and chemical products throughout its process, being responsible for the elevated wastewater generation with intense coloration and wide polluting potential. In this context, the present study proposes the development and application of a new coagulant material for textile wastewater treatment. The proposed coagulant (α-Fe2O3-MO) was composed by hematite nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3) obtained by a simple non-pollutant methodology, associated with Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds saline extract compounds. Coagulation/flocculation (CF) efficiency was evaluated by removal of physicochemical parameters such as apparent color, turbidity, and compounds with absorption at UV254nm (UV254nm) through CF tests carried out on Jar test equipment and sedimentation carried out in the presence and absence of external magnetic field (600 k Am−1). Kinetics sedimentation was from 0 to 90 min. The use of this new coagulant allowed the removal of 92.37% for apparent color, 91.43% for turbidity, and 46.09% for UV254nm, indicating that the proposed coagulant association was efficient in the treatment of this type of wastewater under external magnetic field with only 10 min of sedimentation. In addition, the resulting sludge from CF process was tested as base material for a new coagulant synthesis, demonstrating great reuse potential. Therefore, the new proposed coagulant, composed of α-Fe2O3 and the compounds present in the seed extract of MO, has applicability for textile wastewater treatment demonstrating high removal rate for all evaluated parameters with cost reduction in the proposed treatment for this wastewater.