Sales Promoters Research Articles

Do Sanitation Marketing Activities Increase Households' Likelihoods of Reaching Improved Sanitation or Involving Women in Decision Making?

Poor sanitation causes 30% of diarrheal deaths globally, and much of the world has struggled to finance top-down interventions. Sanitation marketing is a demand-led approach that uses a mixture of social and commercial marketing methods and direct sales to households. However, little is known about its impacts on household decision making. This mixed-methods study uses data from eight focus groups and 86,666 household surveys from participants in a five-year sanitation marketing program in Uganda. Logistic regression models identified 10 variables predicting attainment of improved (limited or basic) sanitation and four variables predicting female involvement in decision making. Triggering session attendance increased chances of reaching improved sanitation by 15-28%, depending on who attended, and by 19% if the household found the session motivational. Although women were engaged in decision-making conversations, they were not viewed as primary decision makers, even in female-headed households. Women were more likely to become involved in decision making if they had attended triggering sessions with men (+70%) or engaged with sales promoters alone (+74%) or with men (+78%). For both outcomes, joint activity engagement was more effective than male or female engagement alone. This work highlights two sanitation marketing activities as pathways to improving latrine coverage and women's decision-making agency.

GRIT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AS THE MODALITY OF SALES PROMOTER JOB PERFORMANCE

Sales promoters have an essential role in achieving the company’s profit. Therefore, they are required to have a good performance. However, they often encounter various difficulties during their job performance that decrease employee performance. In overcoming this issue, grit exists in each individual, and social support from the sales promoter’s environment can help them increase their job performance. This research objective is to examine the influence of grit and social support on the job performance of sales promoters. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The sample of this research is a group of 180 sales promoters consisting of 132 men and 48 women with an age range of 20-40 years (M = 2.54; SD = 1.027). The instruments used in this study were the Job Performance Scale (24 items, α = .856), Grit Scale (20 items, α = .604), and Social Support Scale (30 items, α = .877). The analysis test by the multiple linear regression with the hypothesis testing t-test statistic showed a positive and statistically significant influence of grit and social support on the sales promoter job performance, adjusted R 2 = .608; F(2, 177) = 140.057, p < .001.

Pengaruh Sales Promotion, Personal Selling, dan Direct Marketing terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Makanan dan Minuman di Padma Resort Legian

The purchase decision is the stage where consumers have evaluated the product and can form an intention to buy the most preferred product for personal consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sales promotion, personal selling, and direct marketing on food and beverage purchasing decisions at Padma Resort Legian. This research was conducted at Padma Resort Legian. The number of samples taken was 90 consumers with the nonprobability sampling method, and with the proportional random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through observation (survey), interviews, literature study, documentation, and questionnaires. Testing research instruments using validity and reliability tests. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis, analysis of the coefficient of determination, t-test (partial), and F-test (simultaneous). From the results of data analysis, it was found that sales promotion had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, personal selling had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, and direct marketing had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, while simultaneously it was found that sales promoters, personal selling, and direct marketing have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.

The Countervailing Power Hypothesis when Dominant Retailers Function as Sales Promoters

We consider a downstream oligopoly model with one dominant and several fringe retailers who purchase a manufacturing product from a monopoly supplier. We then examine how the supplier's disagreement payoff influences the relation between the dominant retailer's bargaining power and the equilibrium retail price. If the market demand shrinks due to a breakdown in bargaining between the supplier and the dominant retailer, who works as a sales promoter for the product, there is a negative relation between the bargaining power and the retail price. We also find that an increase in the number of fringe retailers is more likely to increase the retail price if their number is large.

The Countervailing Power Hypothesis When Dominant Retailers Function as Sales Promoters

We consider a downstream oligopoly model with one dominant and several fringe retailers, who purchase a manufacturing product from a monopoly supplier. We then examine how the supplier's outside option influences the relation between the dominant retailer's bargaining power and the equilibrium retail price. If the market demand shrinks due to a breakdown of bargaining between the supplier and the dominant retailer, who works as a sales promoter for the product, there is a negative relation between the bargaining power and the retail price. Furthermore, retailers' efficiency improvements increase the retail price if the dominant retailer's bargaining power is strong.

The Effect of Promoter Incentive to the Smartphone Sales in Retail Chains: A Turkish Case

Mobile Phone market is getting more aggressive and competitive. Smartphone brands are looking for a way to increase their sales, especially in retail business where competition getting tough day by day. Therefore, companies are trying to do their best to increase the sales, for this reason technology stores are becoming important channels for the smartphone brands. These kinds of stores are also suitable for brand which wants to increase their sales in a short period of time. In these stores, dealer’s recommendation has becoming one of the key factors to affect consumer purchase decision in Turkey. The aim of our study is examine promoter incentive affect to the smartphone sales in technology chain stores. Promoters become key elements for the brands. So far, most of brands are allocate their brand promoters in technology stores to go one-step further from the other brands and affect consumer who get in the shop and looking for device. Our key question is if promoter’s sales performance increases for the specific brand with an incentive given by the dealer. We also want to search if there is an increase in specific brand smartphone sales with these incentives given to the sales promoters between all brands in these technology stores. Our expectation of promoter’s sales incentive system has positive affect to the sales. We finalize our study with a causal research designed to give proof for incentive affect with one of the global brand smartphone sales in Teknosa, which is the biggest chain store in Turkey.

Food Handlers? Occupational and Professional Training Characterization

Food handlers play a fundamental role in the transmission of Food Transmitted Diseases- DTAS. This study is aimed to characterize a population of workers in segment of food and beverage who participate of the training process with a focus on sociodemographic, occupational and training profiles on a capital of northeastern Brazil. We evaluated 116 participants from food handlers participating in the training process of qualification with the School of Hospitality and Tourism - Barreira Roxa of the state of RN located in northeastern Brazil. We used a structured questionnaire containing questions concerning social- demographic and professional training aspects. It was observed that 51% of the samples were women with an age average of 30 ± 8.2 years; 78% had completed high school, 88.8% of subjects had no technical training for their job function and 57% worked as sales promoters. Moreover, it was presented a high turnover among participants. The results indicate the presence of workers without professional and school advancement in the food segment. So there is a need for training programs coupled with various actions that could contribute to the production of safe food.

Interaction between pharmaceutical companies and physicians who prescribe antiretroviral drugs for treating AIDS.

Given that Brazil has a universal public policy for supplying medications to treat HIV and AIDS, the aim here was to describe the forms of relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical companies that produce antiretrovirals (ARVs). Cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in the state of São Paulo. Secondary database linkage was used, with structured interviews conducted by telephone among a sample group of 300 physicians representing 2,361 professionals who care for patients with HIV and AIDS. Around two thirds (64%) of the physicians prescribing ARVs for HIV and AIDS treatment in the state of São Paulo who were interviewed declared that they had some form of relationship with pharmaceutical companies, of which the most frequent were receipt of publications (54%), visits by sales promoters (51%) and receipt of small-value objects (47%). Two forms of relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians who deal with HIV and AIDS can be highlighted: facilitation of professionals' access to continuing education; and antiretroviral drug brand name promotion.

Evaluation of Complementary Food Formulated from Local Staples and Fortified with Calcium, Iron and Zinc

Food handlers play a fundamental role in the transmission of Food Transmitted Diseases- DTAS. This study is aimed to characterize a population of workers in segment of food and beverage who participate of the training process with a focus on sociodemographic, occupational and training profiles on a capital of northeastern Brazil. We evaluated 116 participants from food handlers participating in the training process of qualification with the School of Hospitality and Tourism - Barreira Roxa of the state of RN located in northeastern Brazil. We used a structured questionnaire containing questions concerning social- demographic and professional training aspects. It was observed that 51% of the samples were women with an age average of 30 ± 8.2 years; 78% had completed high school, 88.8% of subjects had no technical training for their job function and 57% worked as sales promoters. Moreover, it was presented a high turnover among participants. The results indicate the presence of workers without professional and school advancement in the food segment. So there is a need for training programs coupled with various actions that could contribute to the production of safe food.

A study to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and impact of packaged interventions (“Diarrhea Pack”) for prevention and treatment of childhood diarrhea in rural Pakistan

BackgroundDiarrhea remains one of the leading public health issues in developing countries and is a major contributor in morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Interventions such as ORS, Zinc, water purification and improved hygiene and sanitation can significantly reduce the diarrhea burden but their coverage remains low and has not been tested as packaged intervention before. This study attempts to evaluate the package of evidence based interventions in a “Diarrhea Pack” through first level health care providers at domiciliary level in community based settings. This study sought to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and impact of diarrhea Pack on diarrhea burden.MethodsA cluster randomized design was used to evaluate the objectives of the project a union council was considered as a cluster for analysis, a total of eight clusters, four in intervention and four in control were included in the study. We conducted a baseline survey in all clusters followed by the delivery of diarrhea Pack in intervention clusters through community health workers at domiciliary level and through sales promoters to health care providers and pharmacies. Four quarterly surveillance rounds were conducted to evaluate the impact of diarrhea pack in all clusters by an independent team of Field workers.ResultsBoth the intervention and control clusters were similar at the baseline but as the study progress we found a significant increase in uptake of ORS and Zinc along with the reduction in antibiotic use, diarrhea burden and hospitalization in intervention clusters when compared with the control clusters. We found that the Diarrhea Pack was well accepted with all of its components in the community.ConclusionThe intervention was well accepted and had a productive impact on the uptake of ORS and zinc and reduction in the use of antibiotics. It is feasible to deliver interventions such as diarrhea pack through community health workers in community settings. The intervention has the potential to be scaled up at national level.

Building Shopping Arousal through Direct Marketing in Retail Environment

This article attempts to analyze behavioral drivers which influence consumers’ leisure shopping behavior and measure customer value through empirical investigation in Mexico. The study reveals that outsourced salespeople significantly stimulate customer interest toward buying products and trigger shopping arousal. Product attractiveness and pre-purchase arousal generated by the sales promoters influences consumer buying decisions. The study reveals that pre-purchase arousal is felt by the consumers through product advertisements, inter-personal communications, and product simulations provided by the sales promoters. Consumers experience post-purchase arousal as an extended benefit associated with purchase of the product.

Outsourcing salespeople in building arousal towards retail buying

The strategy of outsourcing salespeople (sales promoters) to prospect for customers through inter-personal communication and develop pre-purchase arousal for products and services is being increasingly employed by manufacturing and marketing firms. Sales promoters are deployed at strategic locations such as in front of malls, large self-service stores, departmental stores and traffic islands in the city. This paper attempts to analyse behavioural drivers that influence consumers' leisure shopping behaviour and measure customer value through empirical investigation in Mexico. The study reveals that sales promoters significantly stimulate interest among customers towards buying products and trigger shopping arousal. Consumers are influenced in making buying decisions by the product attractiveness and pre-purchase arousal generated by the sales promoters.

Logistics Costing Techniques and their Application to a Singaporean Wholesaler

The basic principle of logistics costing is to identify the different costs that result from servicing customers with particular product mixes. Conventional accounting methods, which were strongly based on a few volume-based cost drivers for the allocation of shared and indirect costs, are being superceded by other costing methods such as direct product profitability (DPP) and activity-based costing (ABC) where overhead costs are allocated in relation to a firm's activities and their consumption of resources. This paper examines how a small Singaporean wholesale company reviewed its product and channel strategy by using ABC and DPP techniques. The research showed that direct operating costs could turn healthy gross profit figures into marginal overall contributions to profit. It also highlighted where further cost savings could be made by utilising sales promoters more effectively and reviewing minimum order sizes and delivery orders.

A Hierarchical Approach to Managing Dairy Routing

We designed and implemented a decision support system to organize the delivery network for the products of a large dairy. To deal with this complex problem, we employed a five-level hierarchic structure distributing the clients among the sales promoters in the levels of greater aggregation and assigning shops to individual drivers in the level with the greatest detail, which corresponds to a version of the traveling salesman problem with time windows. We implemented the model on a microcomputer, importing the necessary data from the company mainframe.