Sale Of Meat Research Articles

Trends in Urban Wild Meat Trade of Chelonians (Turtles and Tortoises) in the Peruvian Amazon

Culturally, chelonians are important sources of nutrition and income for rural and urban people in tropical rainforests, but urban trade can cause declines in wild populations. This study analyses the urban chelonian trade and its trends to better understand the impact on free-living populations in the Northern Peruvian Amazon. We studied the urban trade of wild chelonians by conducting 526 days of participant observation and structured questionnaires with the main chelonian vendors in the wet markets of Iquitos between 2006 and 2018. The trade of chelonians decreased by −161.6%, from 22,694 individuals in 2006/07 to 8657 individuals in 2017/18. Chelonoidis denticulatus was the species sold the most (86.3%), followed by Podocnemis unifilis (13.6%). Podocnemis expansa was only sold in 2006/07. River turtle sales increased in the dry season, while sales of Chelonoidis denticulatus decreased. Turtles were the most expensive meat sold in urban markets: 49.7% more expensive than the most frequently consumed fish, Prochilodus nigricans, and 48.4% more expensive than poultry. Turtles represented only 0.19% (SD 0.23) of the index of domestic meat and fish consumption per capita. River turtle eggs are sold by a different set of vendors, and in 2017/18, 570,229 eggs were traded in the market of Belén in Iquitos, equivalent to an approximate lay of 10,418 P. unifilis and 1178 P. expansa females. The high magnitude of the trade of river turtle eggs together with the reduction in their meat trade suggests a prioritization of egg sales, which should improve the conservation of adults, since meat sales can be detrimental to chelonian populations.

Socio-economic aspects and farming practices of goats in Southern Tunisia.

This study aims to describe socio-economic aspects, farming practices and production limitations of goats by surveying 53 farms holding 5507 head in the regions of Tataouine-Tunisia. It was revealed that goats represented a major source of income for most of the producers (66.1%). Approximately 35.8% of the farmers had not received formal education, with the majority (56.6%) having been engaged in goat breeding for over 10 years. Additionally, 50.9% of stockholders relied on technical knowledge for animal breeding. The investigated herds were mostly (97.4%) comprised of local goat breeds. The most common management system was semi-intensive (49.1%) based on grazing in communal rangelands and supplementation with agricultural by-products and concentrates. The fertility, fecundity and prolificacy rates were 91.3 ± 8.3, 109.8 ± 19.5 and 127.0 ± 15.4%, respectively. The main reasons for keeping goats were their major contribution to the income by the sale of male kids and the provision of milk for home consumption. Sale of male kids at an age of 7.7 months was practiced mostly via intermediaries (94.3%) and rarely directly to butchers and markets (5.7%). The total amount of milk produced on each farm was on average 15.1l/day, and more than half of farmers (54.7%) consumed goat milk as part of their daily diet. The majority (71.7%) of respondents locally processed milk into Leben, Rayeb and cheese because the goat milk market faced constraints in the Tataouine regions, mainly in terms insufficient milk production and low consumer acceptability. Goats contribute to the income source in rural zones of southern Tunisia, where their breeding is mainly for the purpose of meat sale and the provision of milk for home consumption. The development of goat milk market can represent an added value to this sector.

Epizootological and epidemiological situation of anthrax in Siberia and the Far East (1985–2023)

Anthrax remains relevant in the world and in the Russian Federation. In Siberia and the Far East, epizootological, epidemiological, environmental and microbiological monitoring of anthrax is constantly carried out. To analyze the epizootological and epidemiological situation of anthrax, we used the information from veterinary institutions and Rospotrebnadzor for 24 regions, as well as reference and archive materials. On the territory of Siberia and the Far East for the period from 1985 to 2023, pronounced epizootological and epidemiological problems of anthrax are observed in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Republic of Buryatia, Omsk Region and the Altai Territory. Over the last five-year observation period, high epizootic activity has been observed in the west of the Republic of Tyva. A total of 3,375 livestock animals and 128 people fell ill. The anthrax database contains information on 7,491 stationary anthrax-infected points in 22 subjects and 562 anthrax burials and cattle burials in 17 subjects of Siberia and the Far East. B. anthracis strains have slight variability in biological properties and belong to two global genetic lines – A and B. In order to prevent anthrax, it is necessary to ensure surveillance of soil foci of anthrax (anthrax burials and cattle burials, “plague fields”), a high level of livestock animals registration and their specific vaccination coverage; to control the implementation of veterinary and sanitary requirements for pre-mortem inspection and emergency slaughter of livestock, the sale of meat and meat products, and biological waste disposal; to carry out explanatory work among the population.

Impact of Lippia palmeri S. Watson during kid suckling and growth

Objective: raising kids is a fundamental activity in goat production, since their development is the source of replacements for the dairy herd or the sale of meat. Therefore, the impact in the kids’ growth of adding Lippia palmeri S. Watson oregano to the goat diet was evaluated. Materials and methods: a total of 17 kids born from mothers who consumed the four diets (treatments) were evaluated. They were divided as follows: 6 kids in T1 (ASINC with ORE); 5 kids in T2 (ASINC without ORE); 3 kids in T3 (SINC without ORE); and 3 kids in T4 (SINC with ORE). The weight gain (kg) and daily milk consumption (kg) variables were evaluated for 60 days. Results: no significant differences were found (p>0.05) between treatments, showing an average daily weight gain of 0.0895 ±0.018 kg in T1 (ASINC with ORE), 0.0892 ±0.026 kg in T2 (ASINC without ORE), 0.0934 ±0.035 kg in T3 (SINC without ORE), and 0.118±0.026 kg in T4 (SINC with ORE). Meanwhile, the average daily milk consumption was 0.509 ±0.240 kg in T1 (ASINC with ORE), 0.580±0.205 kg in T2 (ASINC without ORE), 0.553±0.190 kg in T3 (SINC without ORE), and 0.717±0.202 kg in T4 (SINC with ORE). Conclusions: no treatment was significantly higher than the others. A significant and positive correlation (r=0.879, p=0.0001) was detected between the two variables under study.

Industry, literature, and sociability: The effects of industrialisation of Asturian parishes according to Armando Palacio Valdés

Abstract Armando Palacio Valdés characterised the Asturian village of Sama de Langreo in his novel La aldea perdida (1903), as an unusual example of an industrialised population entity through four variables: the sale of fresh meat, the existence of street lighting, cafés, and public greenspaces. The aim of this article is to verify the author’s approach by comparing the state of the rest of the Asturian parishes at the time of the novel (1879). To do this, a methodology combining the use of literary sources and the analysis of historical documentary sources will be applied. The results obtained confirm the Asturian author’s assessment of the industrialisation process in Sama as an exceptional milestone for the province, as well as evidencing the slow pace of industrialisation in the rest of the Asturian parishes.

Unveiling the Shifting Dietary Landscape: Plant-Based Foods Amidst the COVID-19 Era

Manuscript addresses the present era COVID-19 pandemic as one of the global challenges. Still in 2024, the health professionals and scientists are searching and trying to figure out the complete answers about the origin of these zoonoses.In past years of pandemic, plant origin foods have become the preferred food choice for many people globally. In this article, we've discussed trends in plant-based foods around the world and some of the reasons for this change. It was found that there has been a notable shift in the sale of plant origin foods and a decrease in the sale of animal-based meat at the same time. Selling meat and seafood fell due to many factors, including lack of confidence due to the fear of viruses, rising prices and ethical standards. The marketing strategy of the meat substitute companies used may also be a factor. Although plant-based diets have continued to be adopted in these years, this trend seems to be accelerating in the Post pandemic. Another fact that post pandemic shifting towards the consumption of plant origin foods is reliance on a healthy diet which will not only boost the immunity but will also come up with other health-linked benefits. Plant origin foods are also more nutritious and health promoting than foods consisting of dairy, fish and meat. Via this study, we have analyzed that there needs to be a major change in the use of wild animals and domestic animals to prevent any risk of future zoonoses. As the global population increases, zoonosis may occur more frequently. Promoting the adoption of healthy plant-based foods worldwide and a contemporaneous decline in the animals used as sources of food is important and necessary to prevent future epidemics due to disease.

Comparison of Economic Feasibility of Different Chicken Genotypes Under On-Station Condition

The main objective of this study was to compare the economic feasibility of Cosmopolitan (C), Improved Horro (H), ♂Improved Horro*Cosmopolitan♀ (HC), and ♂Cosmopolitan*Improved Horro♀ (CH) in reference to Indigenous (L) and Koekoek (KK) genotypes. The study employed a completely randomized design, with a total of 180 samples (36/genotype) for egg sales, 54 samples (9/genotype) for live bird sales, and 36 samples (6/genotype) for meat sales. Each genotype's eggs, live birds, and meat sales were triplicate. All data were analyzed using the GLM model in SAS Software. At 8–24weeks, KK had the highest feed intake (AFI8–24) compared to HC, CH, and C; nevertheless, L had the lowest next to H. At 8–52 weeks, KK, CH, and HC hens had the highest feed intake (AFI8–52), whereas L, H and C hens had the lowest. L had the lowest meat yield (MYD) next to H, but the KK had the highest between 8 and 24 weeks followed by the HC, CH, and C. Live genotypes and meats sales showed that KK had the highest costs (TC1) and meat sales (TC2) followed by HC, CH and C, but the lowest for H and L. KK had the lowest total live sale return (TR1), whereas H had the highest followed by L, CH, HC, and C.L had the lowest total meat sale return (TR2), while KK had the highest followed by HC, CH, C, and H.L hen had the lowest total egg sale return (TR3) followed by C, while the highest was achieved by CH hen followed by H, KK and HC.H had the highest live net return (NR1) followed by L, CH, C, and HC, while KK had the lowest. Meat net return (NR2) was the lowest for L and the highest for KK followed by HC, CH, C, and H. H had the highest net return of egg sales (NR3) followed by CH, C, KK, and HC, but L had negatively least. H registered the highest cost-benefit ratio (TR1/TC1vs.TR3/TC3) compared to other genotypes (live chicken and eggs). KK showed the highest cost-benefit ratio (TR2/TC2) followed by HC, CH, C and H, whereas L had the lowest for meat. In conclusion, the net return and cost-benefit ratio for live genotypes, meats and eggs were notably positive and feasible except L had (for egg case) negative net return and cost-benefit ratio.

LA GANADERÍA DOBLE PROPÓSITO EN TRÓPICO SECO: DIVERSIDAD DE UNIDADES DE PRODUCCIÓN Y ORIENTACIÓN PRODUCTIVA

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Dual-purpose livestock farming in the dry tropics is considered a relevant economic activity, characterized by the diversity of production units (PU), by the amount of milk and meat it provides, by the generation of employment in rural areas and by the production seasonal lack of forage to feed livestock, which limits their development. <strong>Objective.</strong> Typify dual purpose (DP) livestock PU in the southeast of the state of Michoacán. <strong>Methodology</strong>. Information on the structure, livestock management and economic indicators of the UP was obtained through structured surveys applied through direct interviews to 93 farmers. The data were analyzed by multivariate statistical methods. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to standardize the information and a Cluster Analysis (CA) to typify UP. <strong>Results</strong>. Three types of DP PU were identified: a small-scale group oriented to the breeding and sale of calves and are more representative of the system, called subsistence (SPU); a second group with greater orientation towards milk production and diversification of the activity, called family (FPU) and a third group characterized by greater specialization in the meat sale, a greater number of animals and surface area and identified as business (BPU). <strong>Implications</strong>. The work made it possible to identify types of PU and the factors that favor or limit its development. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. The subsistence and family-type PUs predominate in these production systems, although their development is limited, while the more specialized PUs is not very representative of the livestock system under study but show better development indicators.</p>

Balancing the uncertain and unpredictable nature of possible zoonotic disease transmission with the value placed on animals: Findings from a qualitative study in Guinea.

Zoonoses, or diseases that pass between animals and humans, represent a major threat to global health and global economies. In Guinea, zoonotic diseases (e.g. rabies, Lassa fever) have been at the forefront due to recent outbreaks and government priorities. Much like many other diseases, zoonotic disease prevention demands a thorough and culturally nuanced understanding of the factors that influence preventive behaviors. To gain this knowledge and enhance risk communication for priority zoonotic diseases, this qualitative study conducted focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and observations in three Guinean prefectures. Study participants included individuals who interact with animals or influence human-animal interactions, (e.g., veterinarians, local leaders, human health providers, butchers, hunters, general population). A total of 229 individuals participated in the study. Data analysis, which combined deductive and inductive coding, found that although individuals generally had basic knowledge about zoonotic diseases, a gap existed between knowledge and practice. In exploring possible reasons behind this gap, several key themes arose, the two most novel being the focus of this paper. First, participants described living in an uncertain world where they lack control over the behaviors of others. Many participants described uncertainty over the vaccine status of stray dogs or even those of their neighbors, making them feel powerless over rabies. Second, animals serve as a main source of livelihood (income, investment, or savings) for individuals. The value placed on livestock may, in turn, drive and impede prevention behaviors such as vaccinating animals or avoiding the sale of unsafe meat. Given that the Guinean government's list of priority zoonotic diseases continues to evolve, the need to discover ways to effectively promote multiple related prevention behaviors remains pertinent. The insights from this study can inform existing and future programs for the prevention, control, and surveillance of zoonotic disease in Guinea and other similar countries.

Regulatory Performance of Tourist Hunting and Legal Game Meat Trade in Tanzania

Recently, the government of Tanzania has legalized the sale of game meat under special rules namely the Wildlife Conservation (Game Meat Selling) Regulations of 2020 as an effort to curb illegal hunting. The regulations mention tourist hunting as one of the sources of commercial game meat. Other sources include resident hunting; wildlife farms/ranches/zoos; and culling, cropping, and control of problem animals. In this paper we examine the performance of tourist hunting, legal game meat in the country, and its regulatory framework from the perspectives of key stakeholders, including both public and private or non-state stakeholders. We use a variant of Likert’s methods of summated ratings and the cumulative ordinal regression model to analyse and compare the opinions of stakeholders. We found that there are still challenges, especially related to sources of wild animals. Operators of game meat facilities find it difficult to source game meat from tourist hunting companies and the latter are not willing to offer the meat to licensed operators of game meat shops. Our results support the hypothesis that authorization of the game meat trade can serve as one of the boldest conservation tools to mitigate illegal poaching if well-planned and regulated. The results of the cumulative ordinal regression model predict an improvement of 42% in the performance of regulatory framework per unit improvement in the procedures for application and registration of game meat selling facilities (p = 0.010). The paper recommends leveraging stakeholders' active engagement and strengthening cooperation between game meat value chain actors and law-enforcement authorities. An innovative participatory model for enforcing game meat sanitary and safety regulations is also recommended to avoid potential health risks to consumers. It underscores the importance of institutional capacity building, awareness creation, and adequate funding in the fight against illegal hunting and game meat trade. In order for the country to be able to achieve sustainable game meat trade in the country, the challenge of limited wild animal sources has to be addressed, possibly by supporting the establishment of privately owned wild animal farms, ranches, and zoos, this also has its own challenges that need to be addressed too.

Inbound Marketing Based On Content And Customer In The Creative Industry Selling Fresh Meat, Seafood And Vegetables In Yogyakarta: An Experimental Approach

Covid-19 had an impact on decreasing GDP in the livestock sector, namely by 1.8%. The strategy to improve this sector is to carry out inbound marketing through the use of websites, blogs and social media. This research applies an inbound marketing method based on content and customers to develop product marketing in the creative industry selling meat, seafood and fresh vegetables in Yogyakarta. The research method used is an experimental research method. There are two groups of respondents in this research, namely respondents from generation The respondents selected were 200 housewives from generation X and generation Y. Data was obtained using a questionnaire. The data analysis used was MANOVA with SPSS 25. The results of the study showed that there was no difference between advertising for the sale of meat, vegetables and seafood or without advertising on purchasing interest in generation X and generation Y.

Economic rationale for the development of small vertically diversified pork production enterprises in Ukraine

Implementing the vertical diversification strategy for pig-breeding enterprises in Ukraine is one of the factors in increasing their economic efficiency and competitiveness. Mastering the following interrelated links of production and sale in animal husbandry increases enterprises' financial stability and economic security. The article economically substantiates the expediency of capital investments in developing vertically diversified pork production enterprises in Ukraine. The need for investments for the formation of fixed and working capital for the implementation of the project has been determined. The main operating costs for the organization of pig breeding, slaughter, and the sale of meat through the direct sales channel in the amount of 200 tons per year have been calculated. Planning of workforce needs for project implementation has been carried out. The leading indicators of the economic efficiency of capital investments for the production and sale of pork in the newly established enterprise have been determined. According to the study results, the relatively high investment attractiveness of developing small vertically diversified pork production enterprises in Ukraine with an orientation to local markets is substantiated. It has been established that for the implementation of the proposed project, about 1.1 million euros of advanced capital is needed, which is expected to pay off in 3.5 years. The project's five-year net present value has been determined to reach 690,000 euros at a discount rate of 2%. Accordingly, the projected internal rate of return will exceed 26%. The average annual net profit during the project implementation period will be 268 thousand euros, with an average operating cost of 457 thousand euros, allowing us to achieve 65% profitability of production and 32% profitability of pork sales. The projected average net return on capital for the project implementation period is expected to be 35%. The development of vertical diversification in small pork production enterprises in Ukraine will increase the added value and productivity of the involved financial, labor, material, and technical resources.

TURTLE CONSERVATION CAMPAIGN AS A TOURIST ATTRACTION FOR BALI

Most sea turtle species around the world are threatened with extinction. The threat of sea turtle extinction is largely caused by humans for consumption, souvenirs, trade, medicine and religious activities as well as for commercial purposes such as the sale of eggs, meat and shells. This human behavior is threatening sea turtle populations. Preventing the decline of these threatened sea turtle populations requires changes in human behavior that are educated through conservation campaigns. This international service was carried out with the aim of recognizing local culture and local wisdom products and participating in painting traditional Thai pottery. This activity is a community service activity that collaborates between the Faculty of Economics and Business of Swadaya Gunung Jati University Indonesia, Panca Sakti Tegal University Indonesia, Suan Dusit University and Eastern Instutite for Integrated Learning in Management University India. Community service activities were carried out in Nong Nooch Thailand, with a total of 25 participants consisting of 10 students and 15 lecturers. Sea turtle conservation is one of the community's efforts to preserve the environment and sea turtle habitat for the survival of sea turtles

Factors affecting highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccination practices at poultry farms in Tra Vinh, Vietnam.

The increased number of cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) as a zoonosis has raised concerns in terms of poultry and human health. Farmers' preventive practices are an effective way of reducing zoonosis. However, this practice may have been affected by many factors, including production behaviors, awareness, and farmers' perceptions of farmers toward zoonosis. This study was conducted on 166 poultry farms in Tra Vinh Province with 14,894 poultry heads to determine the socioeconomic profiles and production characteristics of poultry farms and analyze the effect of these factors on HPAI vaccination practices. Respondents were selected from lists provided by government officers. Descriptive statistics were used to describe all variables, and factors affecting HPAI vaccination practices were analyzed using binary regression analysis. The results showed that most farmers raised poultry with other livestock using the free-range method, which is a semi-intensive system. The primary objectives of poultry farming are meat sales and augmenting household consumption, with farmers primarily raising chicks produced on their farms. The implementation of the vaccine was less than 50% on the surveyed farms, with a small number of farmers administering an HPAI booster dose. However, only 6% of the farmers confirmed that their livestock had been exposed to HPAI. In addition, HPAI vaccination and booster dose practices significantly increased when farmers had 4-6 family members and received HPAI prevention training. Moreover, increased poultry numbers have led to increased vaccination rates and the implementation of booster doses for poultry. The study also reported that the vaccination rate decreased when poultry was used for household consumption. Sociodemographic characteristics and production behaviors can affect the implementation of HPAI vaccination on small poultry farms.

Microbial Analysis and Antibiogram of Bacteria and Fungi Isolated from Meat Sellers Tables in Dutsin-Ma Metropolis, Katsina State

The goal of the research project was to carry out microbiological analysis and antibiogram of bacteria and fungi associated with meat vendor tables in the city of Dutsin-Ma. This study made use of twenty samples in total. Five distinct locations at Wednesday Market and Darawa were chosen, and two samples from each table were taken using swab sticks. For analysis, the samples were then brought to the Federal University of Dutsin-ma microbiology laboratory department. The agars that were initially employed to isolate the bacteria and fungus were MacConkey, nutrient, mannitol salt, bile esculin, salmonella-shigella, eosin methylene blue, and potato dextrose agars. Bacterial species were identified using gram staining and biochemical tests while lactophenol cotton blue staining was used for the identification of fungal species. Bacterial isolates identified include Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus while the fungal isolates are Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, and Oidiodendron griseum. The antimicrobial susceptibility test findings showed that while some of the bacterial isolates were responsive to certain drugs, others were resistant. The results of this study's investigations therefore demonstrated how heavily polluted meat vendors' tables are with a wide variety of bacteria. This can be explained by the unsanitary procedures used in the meat sale industry as well as other environmental issues. Therefore, it is imperative that the government authorities tasked with these duties make sure that the vendors of these meat products adhere to standard and hygienic procedures. Raising public knowledge of the risks of foodborne illnesses associated with eating raw meats is another important goal of public health awareness campaigns.

Regional hotspots and drivers of shark meat consumption in India

AbstractOver one third of shark and ray (henceforth elasmobranch) species are threatened by global extinction. Overfishing, driven largely by human consumption of various products is a key threat to >95% of threatened elasmobranch species. The local consumption of elasmobranch meat is an emerging driver of these fisheries particularly in the Global South. Very little data exists on local elasmobranch meat consumption and restaurants offer a useful insight into patterns of consumption. We examined local elasmobranch consumption in India, which has the world's third highest elasmobranch catches. We surveyed 2649 seafood restaurants across 10 coastal states and found that two states alone accounted for 70% of all restaurants serving shark meat. Nine percent of all seafood restaurants advertised elasmobranch meat. 251.6 tonnes, equivalent to 9.8% of India's annual landings, is sold every year in India's restaurants. The drivers of these sales are local cultural affinities and regional cuisines, with evidence of new and evolving consumption pathways, in states like Goa. In Goa, the state with the highest prevalence of elasmobranch meat on restaurant menus, consumption by locals, as well as consumption of “baby sharks” by tourists was driving the demand for elasmobranch meat. Small‐bodied and juvenile sharks of threatened species are at risk from local meat consumption. Elasmobranch meat consumption can be reduced by targeting interventions in the regional hotspots of maximum consumption, substituting other types of seafood as alternatives in regional cuisines, bycatch reduction, increased price and seafood consumer awareness campaigns. Preliminary findings suggest that focusing on the health implications of eating species that concentrate heavy metals will produce the greatest decreases in elasmobranch meat sales at India's restaurants.

Economic Benefits of Onigambari Forest Reserves on the Host Communities

A multistage sampling was adopted in which purposive sampling was used to identify communities where government and non-governmental organization have their presence and the benefits they attract to these communities. Further, a stratified random sampling was used to administer 25 questionnaires in chosen four communities in each of the two axes of the forest reserve making a total of 8 communities and a grand total of 200 questionnaires. The benefits derived from the forest reserve are many, which include land for farming within the open spaces of the forest, logging, fuel wood extraction, medicinal herbs and shrub extractions, hunting and bush meat sales. It was recommended that young people should take advantage of the enormous opportunities around this forest reserve to get for themselves gainful business and employment opportunities. Government should also provide infrastructural facilities and amenities to the rural communities to make living there convenience for the people.

Foodborne illnesses caused by tissue parasitic protozoa

Zoonotic infections caused by Sarcocystis species, known as intestinal sarcocystosis, are an example of foodborne illnesses that occur due to the consumption of contaminated meat. Zoonotic Sarcocystis parasites, specifically those hosted in cattle and swine meat, have been reported as the sole causative agents of human intestinal sarcocystosis. The infection’s symptoms include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Talking about zoonotic parasites goes hand in hand with discussing the parasite life cycle, animals that act as natural intermediate hosts, and humans who act as the natural definitive host for the parasite. To safeguard cattle and swine meat consumers, the government of Rwanda, through the Rwanda Inspectorate, Competition, and Consumer Protection Authority (RICA), has banned the sale of meat that has not been refrigerated for at least 24 hours and reached a temperature between 2oC and 4oC before sale in order to prevent the transmission of zoonotic and transmissible diseases. Based on various literature reports, zoonotic sarcocyst viability remains intact in this range of temperatures for a period of 24 hours. Given that the prevalence of swine coccidia in Rwanda was reported to be 55.8%, Coccidia may not only include Sarcocystis species. The established rule may not be contributing to the prevention of zoonotic sarcocystis parasite infection but it is a preventive solution for many other zoonotic parasites and pathogens. Due to the lack of research reports on zoonotic sarcocystis in Rwanda, there is limited knowledge about these parasites in the country. This lack of information may explain why the prevention and control measures taken to address zoonotic pathogen infection do not adequately address the issue of zoonotic sarcocysts. Though the parasite infection was reported to be negligible, it may induce reduced human food availability in the food production system due to the ability of the disease to be transmitted from humans to cattle and pork. These later animals' meat is prestigiously served as human food in Rwanda.

A South African Perspective on the Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Meat: Plausible Public Health Implications.

Meat comprises proteins, fats, vitamins, and trace elements, essential nutrients for the growth and development of the body. The increased demand for meat necessitates the use of antibiotics in intensive farming to sustain and raise productivity. However, the high water activity, the neutral pH, and the high protein content of meat create a favourable milieu for the growth and the persistence of bacteria. Meat serves as a portal for the spread of foodborne diseases. This occurs because of contamination. This review presents information on animal farming in South Africa, the microbial and chemical contamination of meat, and the consequential effects on public health. In South Africa, the sales of meat can be operated both formally and informally. Meat becomes exposed to contamination with different categories of microbes, originating from varying sources during preparation, processing, packaging, storage, and serving to consumers. Apparently, meat harbours diverse pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic residues alongside the occurrence of drug resistance in zoonotic pathogens, due to the improper use of antibiotics during farming. Different findings obtained across the country showed variations in prevalence of bacteria and multidrug-resistant bacteria studied, which could be explained by the differences in the manufacturer practices, handling processes from producers to consumers, and the success of the hygienic measures employed during production. Furthermore, variation in the socioeconomic and political factors and differences in bacterial strains, geographical area, time, climatic factors, etc. could be responsible for the discrepancy in the level of antibiotic resistance between the provinces. Bacteria identified in meat including Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., etc. are incriminated as pathogenic agents causing serious infections in human and their drug-resistant counterparts can cause prolonged infection plus long hospital stays, increased mortality and morbidity as well as huge socioeconomic burden and even death. Therefore, uncooked meat or improperly cooked meat consumed by the population serves as a risk to human health.

Halal-organic meat: a successful business and humanitarian model

This study develops a conceptual model that investigates how self-determination needs, religiosity, and features of halal-organic meat influence consumer satisfaction and meat-purchasing behavior; these in turn affect healthy life expectancy, health- and food-related quality, and tranquility of life. In Bangladesh, a Muslim-majority country, organic meat producers usually sell halal meat without certifying or labeling it as such. According to the study, if meat producers market products that are both halal and organic, they will appeal to Muslim customers in religious and health-related contexts. This may lead to a significant increase in meat sales, thereby assisting more businesses in profits. The study used Purposive sampling to collect 985 data points from consumers who buy organic meat through four marketing channels: supermarkets, municipality corporate markets, open-air markets, and online markets. The data were analyzed using SmartPls 3.0. The results confirm that five independent variables—autonomy, competency, relatedness, religiosity, and halal-organic food—directly and positively influence consumers’ satisfaction with and continuance of halal-organic meat-purchasing behavior. The study also suggests that consumer satisfaction positively impacts halal-organic meat-purchasing behavior. This positively and significantly influences three dependent variables: consumers’ desire to maintain a healthy life expectancy, health- and food-related quality, and tranquility of life. The findings further indicate that halal-organic meat-purchasing behavior mediates the relationships between the study’s five independent variables and three dependent variables. This study investigates the new, growing theory of self-determination in relation to organic and halal food-purchasing research, which few studies have investigated. Although the literature surrounding halal and organic meat is not new, this study is the first to combine these two fields into a distinct body of knowledge. Furthermore, this is the first study to introduce the constructs of tranquility and life expectancy in organic and halal food-purchasing behavioral research.