Bar Sales Research Articles

Production Prospects of Strong Alcoholic Beverages in the Conditions of Private Farms for Institutions of the Hospitality Industry

Topicality. Global trends in the hospitality industry are characterized by the intensive development of innovative products. A promising area is the production of high-quality original spirits in the conditions of farms for the hospitality industry. Purpose and methods. The current state and the prospects definition of development of strong alcoholic beverages production have been studied in the conditions of private farm productions for establishments of the hospitality industry. Analytical and theoretical methods have been used in the research. Results. Legislative preconditions form significant changes in the alcohol and vodka industry. “Crafts” production has been gaining momentum inUkraine recently. Today, thanks to unique production technologies, extraordinary recipes and the use of exclusive ingredients, it is possible to produce branded spirits. Manufacturers of strong authentic drinks open the way to the segment of world-class ultra-premium alcoholic beverages. It is substantiated that in the conditions of small farm productions there is a possibility to make in limited quantities high-quality refined strong alcoholic drinks. Revival farms for the production of alcohol will help expand the range of alcoholic beverages in the restaurant business establishments. Given the long tradition and experience, it is safe to say that there are prospects for the development and improvement of the production of spirits in private households. Conclusions and discussions . The scientific novelty of the article lies in the innovative development of alcohol production for the hospitality industry. Theoretical substantiation of prospects of development of strong alcoholic drinks production in the conditions of private productions has been carried out. The practical significance of the obtained results is manifested in the prospects for the development of the spirits production in private farms for the hospitality industry. Prospects for further research are the possibility of expanding the range of spirits, innovative development of the industry, manufacturing products in family and farms with sales in branded restaurants and bars in compliance with national traditions and customs.

EU to bar sales of televisions with flame retardants in casings

As of March 2021, the European Union is banning the sale of televisions and computer monitors encased with plastic containing halogenated flame retardants. The European Commission, the executive br...

An exploratory case study of environmental factors related to military alcohol misuse

BackgroundAlcohol misuse has been an ongoing issue for the US Armed Services, with the Marine Corps maintaining the highest levels of problematic drinking. Broad environmental, social, and policy factors play an important role in alcohol misuse but are rarely studied as objective measures.MethodsThis case study used a pattern-matching approach to examine the associations between objective on- and off-base community environmental risk and protective factors and 4 objective alcohol-related outcomes at 3 large Marine Corps installations. The study utilized existing aggregated data from Marine Corps electronic data sources and information from internet searches of installation and community services and characteristics. Installation-level alcohol misuse outcomes included the rates of personnel receiving non-medical alcohol services, combined inpatient and outpatient alcohol-related primary diagnoses, alcohol-related domestic violence, and driving under the influence arrests. Installation-level environmental correlates included dollars spent on alcohol sales, density of alcohol outlets, extent of alternative activities, and installation and off-base sociodemographic factors.ResultsIn general, younger age, enlisted pay grade, and being stationed overseas were related with higher rates of alcohol-related problems among Marines. Greater on-base alcohol sales (both in bars and stores), as well as a greater density of restaurants and bars that serve alcohol, were associated with alcohol misuse outcomes. Several community factors were also associated with alcohol misuse. The hypothesized protective effects of alternative activities were inconsistent.ConclusionsFindings suggest that environmentally-oriented strategies, particularly restricting on-base sales of alcohol, may help to reduce alcohol-related harm in the Marine Corps.

Economic Impact of Smoke-Free Air Laws in North Dakota on Restaurants and Bars.

In late 2012, North Dakota expanded its statewide smoke-free air law to cover all restaurants and bars in the state. Several North Dakota communities also had local ordinances that prohibited smoking in restaurants and bars prior to the statewide law. Previous work found no effect of the initial statewide law or several local laws on restaurant and bar sales. Using quarterly county-level employment data from 1990 to 2014, we examined whether the expanded statewide law or pre-existing local laws were associated with significant changes in employment in restaurants and bars in North Dakota. Separate models were estimated for restaurant and bar employment using two methods of controlling for smoke-free air law coverage. We found no evidence of a significant association between employment in restaurants and bars in North Dakota and the expanded statewide law or pre-existing local laws. Prior employment levels in restaurants and bars and prevailing economic conditions were the main drivers of restaurant and bar employment, not smoke-free air laws. This study examines the economic impact of smoke-free air laws in North Dakota on restaurant and bar employment following the expansion of the statewide law in late 2012 to cover all restaurants and bars. We find no significant adverse effect of smoke-free air laws on restaurants and bars, consistent with results from previous studies conducted in North Dakota and throughout the United States. This study is the first to analyze the economic impact of smoke-free air laws in North Dakota on restaurant and bar employment following the 2012 expansion of the statewide law to cover all restaurants and bars. We find no evidence of a significant adverse effect of smoke-free air laws on restaurants and bars, consistent with results from previous studies conducted in North Dakota and throughout the United States. Prior employment levels and prevailing economic conditions proved to be the main drivers of restaurant and bar employment, not smoke-free air laws.

Racially Restrictive Covenants—Were They Dignity Takings?

Racially restrictive covenants—subdivision rules or neighborhood agreements that “run with the land” to bar sales of rentals by minority members—were common and legally enforceable in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century. In spite of their demeaning character, these racial covenants took away opportunities from excluded minorities, rather than things, and thus they amounted to something less than the dramatic “dignity takings” that Bernadette Atuahene (2014) describes in her new book on dignity takings in South Africa. In this article, I explore some significant ways in which racially restrictive covenants differed from dignity takings as Atuahene defines them, as well as the shadowy similarities between racial covenants and Atuahene's dignity takings; I focus here on the dimensions of dehumanization, state involvement, and property takings. I conclude with a discussion of remedies, particularly considering measures that restore dignity through both public policies and private actions.

The smoking ban next door: Do hospitality businesses in border areas have reduced sales after a statewide smoke-free policy?

IntroductionDespite numerous studies demonstrating no significant economic effects on hospitality businesses following a statewide smoke-free (SF) policy, regional concerns suggest that areas near states without SF policies may experience a loss of hospitality sales across the border. The present study evaluated the impact of Ohio's statewide SF policy on taxable restaurant and bar sales in border and non-border areas. MethodsSpline regression analysis was used to assess changes in monthly taxable sales at the county level in full-service restaurants and bars in Ohio. Data were analyzed from four years prior to policy implementation to three years post-policy. Change in the differences in the slope of taxable sales for border (n=21) and non-border (n=67) counties were evaluated for changes following the statewide SF policy enforcement, adjusted for unemployment rates, general trends in the hospitality sector, and seasonality. ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, there was no statistically significant change in the difference in slope for taxable sales for either restaurants (β=0.9, p=0.09) or bars (β=0.2, p=0.07) following the SF policy for border areas compared to non-border areas of Ohio. ConclusionsBorder regions in Ohio did not experience a significant change in bar and restaurant sales compared to non-border areas following a statewide SF policy. Results support that Ohio's statewide SF policy did not impact these two areas differently, and provide additional evidence for the continued use of SF policies to provide protection from exposure to secondhand smoke for both workers and the general public.

Impact of the Irish smoking ban on sales in bars using a large business-level data set from 1999 to 2007

BackgroundIreland introduced comprehensive smoke-free workplace legislation in 2004. This study evaluates the economic impact of the workplace smoking ban on the value of sales in bars.MethodsData on the value of...

The economic impact of smoke-free laws on restaurants and bars in 9 States.

IntroductionSmoke-free air laws in restaurants and bars protect patrons and workers from involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke, but owners often express concern that such laws will harm their businesses. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the association between local smoke-free air laws and economic outcomes in restaurants and bars in 8 states without statewide smoke-free air laws: Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, South Carolina, Texas, and West Virginia. A secondary objective was to examine the economic impact of a 2010 statewide smoke-free restaurant and bar law in North Carolina.MethodsUsing quarterly data from 2000 through 2010, we estimated dynamic panel data models for employment and sales in restaurants and bars. The models controlled for smoke-free laws, general economic activity, cigarette sales, and seasonality. We included data from 216 smoke-free cities and counties in the analysis. During the study period, only North Carolina had a statewide law banning smoking in restaurants or bars. Separate models were estimated for each state. ResultsIn West Virginia, smoke-free laws were associated with a significant increase of approximately 1% in restaurant employment. In the remaining 8 states, we found no significant association between smoke-free laws and employment or sales in restaurants and bars.ConclusionResults suggest that smoke-free laws did not have an adverse economic impact on restaurants or bars in any of the states studied; they provided a small economic benefit in 1 state. On the basis of these findings, we would not expect a statewide smoke-free law in Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas, or West Virginia to have an adverse economic impact on restaurants or bars in those states.

The Effect of Price Reduction on Salad Bar Purchases at a Corporate Cafeteria

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a price reduction on salad bar purchases in a corporate cafeteria. We reduced the price of salad bar purchases by 50% during March 2012 and analyzed sales data by month for February through June 2012. We also conducted an anonymous survey. Salad bar sales by weight more than tripled during the price reduction and returned to baseline afterward. Survey respondents reported that the high price of salad relative to other choices is a barrier to purchases. Policies that make the price of salads equal to other choices in cafeterias may significantly increase healthful food consumption.

Impact of the smoking ban on the volume of bar sales in Ireland – evidence from time series analysis

This paper is the first to estimate the economic impact of a comprehensive smoking ban in all enclosed public places of work, on bars in Ireland. The demand in bars, represented by a monthly index of sales volume, is explained by relative prices in bars, prices of alcohol sold in off-licences and the aggregate retail sales (ARS) as a proxy for general economic activity and incomes. The smoking ban is included into the model as a step dummy and the modelling is done using ARIMAX strategy. The results show a reduction in the volume of sales in bars by -4.6% (p<0.01) following the ban.

‘Gritos de cerveza, cerveza’: el rol de la música y de los DJs en el control del desorden en los clubes nocturnos

This paper explores how music and music genre can govern the nightlife experience, specifically how a nightclub's music policy can impact on clientele, health behaviours, bar sales and levels of disorder. Participant observations were conducted in sample of eight city centre nightclubs in Glasgow, Scotland. Music policy was found to influence nightclubs' clientele and their behaviours, for example in relation to differences in levels of alcohol or illegal drug use, sexual activity and violence between venues. Further, within individual venues, music policy was also observed operating as a crowd control tool, with for example such entertainment being used in alcohol marketing, in 'soft policing' and in the temporal management of patrons' movements. This research acknowledges the centrality of the DJ in implementing these controls. It is clear that music is a central component of the Nighttime Economy. Despite this, to date music has tended to play 'second fiddle' to sex and drugs within Club Health research. From this research it is recommended that music policy be incorporated into responsible bar server training packages.

The effect of smoke-free policies on revenue in bars in Tasmania, Australia

Objective:To examine the impact of smoke-free policies on revenue in Tasmanian bars.Method:Monthly sales turnover from January 2002 to March 2007, provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics was analysed. There...

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The Impact of the Texas Public School Nutrition Policy on Student Food Selection and Sales in Texas

We assessed the statewide impact of the 2004 Texas Public School Nutrition Policy on foods and beverages served or sold in schools. We collected lunch food production records from 47 schools in 11 Texas school districts for the school years before (2003-2004) and after (2004-2005) policy implementation. Cafeteria servings of fruit, vegetables (regular and fried), and milk served each day were calculated. Twenty-three schools from 5 districts provided records of à la carte sales of candy, chips, desserts, drinks, ice cream, and water. We examined aggregated school-level differences in total items served or sold per day per student between study years. School demographics were similar to state data. Regardless of district and school size, cafeterias served significantly fewer high-fat vegetable items per student postpolicy (P < .001). Postpolicy snack bar sales of large bags of chips were significantly reduced (P = .006), and baked chips sales significantly increased (P = .048). School food policy changes have improved foods served or sold to students. It is not known whether improved lunch choices influence consumption for the whole day.

The economic impact of smoke-free laws on sales in bars and restaurants in Argentina

Summary We studied the impact of the recent smoke-free laws on the sales in bars and restaurants, in the city of Buenos Aires and in three provinces of Argentina. Using a quasi-experimental design and a difference-in-differences estimation procedure we found that the smoke-free laws did not have a statistically significant negative effect on sales in bars and restaurants in the city of Buenos Aires and in the provinces of Cordoba, Santa Fe and Tucuman. Moreover, in the case of Buenos Aires, the smoke-free legislation could have induced an increase in the sales in bars and restaurants.

The Effect of Restricting Opening Hours on Alcohol-Related Violence

We investigated whether limiting the hours of alcoholic beverage sales in bars had an effect on homicides and violence against women in the Brazilian city of Diadema. The policy to restrict alcohol sales was introduced in July 2002 and prohibited on-premises alcohol sales after 11 pm. We analyzed data on homicides (1995 to 2005) and violence against women (2000 to 2005) from the Diadema (population 360,000) police archives using log-linear regression analyses. The new restriction on drinking hours led to a decrease of almost 9 murders a month. Assaults against women also decreased, but this effect was not significant in models in which we controlled for underlying trends. Introducing restrictions on opening hours resulted in a significant decrease in murders, which confirmed what we know from the literature: restricting access to alcohol can reduce alcohol-related problems. Our results give no support to the converse view, that increasing availability will somehow reduce problems.

The economic impact of a smoke‐free bylaw on restaurant and bar sales in Ottawa, Canada

On 1 August 2001, the City of Ottawa (Canada's Capital) implemented a smoke-free bylaw that completely prohibited smoking in work-places and public places, including restaurants and bars, with no exemption for separately ventilated smoking rooms. This paper evaluates the effects of this bylaw on restaurant and bar sales. DATA AND MEASURES: We used retail sales tax data from March 1998 to June 2002 to construct two outcome measures: the ratio of licensed restaurant and bar sales to total retail sales and the ratio of unlicensed restaurant sales to total retail sales. Restaurant and bar sales were subtracted from total retail sales in the denominator of these measures. We employed an interrupted time-series design. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) intervention analysis was used to test for three possible impacts that the bylaw might have on the sales of restaurants and bars. We repeated the analysis using regression with autoregressive moving average (ARMA) errors method to triangulate our results. Outcome measures showed declining trends at baseline before the bylaw went into effect. Results from ARIMA intervention and regression analyses did not support the hypotheses that the smoke-free bylaw had an impact that resulted in (1) abrupt permanent, (2) gradual permanent or (3) abrupt temporary changes in restaurant and bar sales. While a large body of research has found no significant adverse impact of smoke-free legislation on restaurant and bar sales in the United States, Australia and elsewhere, our study confirms these results in a northern region with a bilingual population, which has important implications for impending policy in Europe and other areas.

One year of smokefree bars and restaurants in New Zealand: Impacts and responses

BackgroundNew Zealand introduced a smokefree bars and restaurants policy in December 2004. We reviewed the data available at December 2005 on the main public health, societal and political impacts and responses within New Zealand to the new law.MethodsData were collected from publicly available survey reports, and from government departments and interviews. This included data on smoking in bars, attitudes to smokefree bars, bar patronage, socially cued smoking, and perceived rights to smokefree workplaces.ResultsThe proportion of surveyed bars with smoking occurring decreased from 95% to 3% during July 2004 – April 2005. Between 2004 and 2005, public support for smokefree bars rose from 56% to 69%. In the same period, support for the rights of bar workers to have smokefree workplaces rose from 81% to 91%. During the first ten months of the smokefree bars policy, there were only 196 complaints to officials about smoking in the over 9900 licensed premises. The proportion of smokers who reported that they smoked more than normal at bars, nightclubs, casinos and cafés halved between 2004 and 2005 (from 58% to 29%).Seasonally adjusted sales in bars and clubs changed little (0.6% increase) between the first three quarters of 2004 and of 2005, while café and restaurant sales increased by 9.3% in the same period. Both changes continued existing trends. Compared to the same period in 2004, average employment during the first three quarters of 2005 was up 24% for 'pubs, taverns and bars', up 9% for cafés/restaurants, and down 8% for clubs (though employment in 'pubs, taverns and bars' may have been affected by unusually high patronage around a major sports-series).The proportion of bar managers who approved of smokefree bars increased from 44% to 60% between November 2004 and May 2005. Bar managers also reported increased agreement with the rights of bar workers and patrons to smokefree environments. The main reported concerns of the national and regional Hospitality Associations, in 2005, were the perceived negative effects on rural and traditional pubs.ConclusionAs in other jurisdictions, the introduction of smokefree bars in New Zealand has had positive overall health protection, economic and social effects; in contrast to the predictions of opponents.

Texas School Food Policy Changes Related to Middle School a la Carte/Snack Bar Foods: Potential Savings in Kilocalories

The potential impact of a school food policy change reducing sweetened beverage and high-fat, salty, and sweet food portions on energy consumption of middle-school students was assessed. Snack bar sales for one school year were obtained from 23 schools. Energy content was calculated for each item and energy savings from reduced portion size was determined. Per student, about 111 kcal per day was purchased; 47 kcal per day was saved when reduced portion sizes were substituted for the large servings. These findings should provide some assurance that changes in food portion sizes in school food environments could impact energy balance.

Using Large Drill Collars Successfully

As holes are drilled to greater depths, the use of larger drill collars increases; but an understanding of the problems involved in using these large collars, and of how the problems can be solved, lags far behind drilling capability. Here is information on design criteria and on the selection of an adequate connection. Introduction During recent years there has been a marked increase, worldwide, in the number of deep holes drilled. It is easy to recall when a 17 1/2 -in. hole to 1,000 ft, or a 12 1/4 -in. hole to 3,000 ft, was considered a deep, big hole. Today, drilling programs often call for 8,000 to 9,000 ft of 17 1/2-in. hole, and 13,000 to 15,000 ft of 12 1/4-in. hole. With all certainty, these hole depths will increase in the years ahead. Large-hole drilling at shallow depths generally does not require high bit weights because the formations near the surface are soft and drill easily. But at increased depths, the denser formations and higher mud weights require maximum bit weights if these large-diameter holes are to be drilled economically. Today it is not uncommon to find 9-, 10- and even 11-in. OD drill collars in holes where 7 3/4- and 8-in. OD collars were once considered sufficient. During the past 10 years the use of drill collars above 8 in. in diameter has increased and will likely continue to do so. Fig. 1 reflects this increase in the use of big collars over a 9-year period. In the last 9 years there has been an 11-fold increase in bar sales in the 9- to 11-in. size range. Advantages of Large Collars This increased use of large drill collars can be attributed to an industry-wide awareness that performance improves in large holes when small collars are replaced by maximum OD collars. This improved performance is a result of weight concentration, performance is a result of weight concentration, deviation control and fewer connection problems. Weight Concentration Drill collars are used primarily to supply usable weight to the drill bit. This objective is best achieved when the weight is concentrated as near the bit as possible. Long strings of small collars lose much of their apparent weight through friction and buckling in the hole. Advantages in weight concentration should be obvious, considering that 14 collars 10 in. OD × 3 in. ID weigh 102,000 lb, or exactly the same as 25 collars 7 3/4 in. OD × 3 in. ID. The number of large collars that can actually be run in specific areas is often tempered by down-hole conditions and drilling practices. Hole Deviation Theoretical work done in the 1950's by Lubinski and Woods, and later verified under field conditions by many drilling contractors. stated that three of the prime factors affecting hole deviation are prime factors affecting hole deviation are clearance between the drill collars and the wall of the hole, stiffness and weight of the bottom drill collars, and weight on the bit. The hole-straightening force is the pendulum effect created by the vertical component of the weight of the drill collars between the bit and the first point of contact with the hole wall above the bit. JPT P. 999