Salem District Research Articles

Determination of the Sex in the Population of Salem District Using Various Cephalometric Measurements - A Cross Sectional Study

Determination of the Sex in the Population of Salem District Using Various Cephalometric Measurements - A Cross Sectional Study

Karakteristik Lapisan Batubara pada Cekungan Bentarsari Terhadap Pola Sebaran Di Daerah Bentar Dan Sekitarnya Kecamatan Salem Kabupaten Brebes

The Kaliglagah Formation in the Bentarsari area, Salem District, Brebes Regency, Central Java Province is included in the Bentarsari Basin. This formation is a coal-bearing formation in the Bentarsari Basin of Late Pliocene age and is composed of layers of claystone, sandstone and coal. The coal seams in this formation were analyzed megascopically to determine the type of characteristics based on taking outcrop profiles in the research area and analyzed using the Horne classification approach, 1978 so that the depositional environment and facies of the formation of the coal seams were found. The results of the two analyzes were then used to determine the characteristics and distribution patterns of the coal seams of the Kaliglagah Formation. Characteristics The coal seam in the study area was deposited in the Crevasse splay facies, in the transitional lower delta plain depositional environment according to Horne, 1978. The distribution pattern of coal with a northwest-southeast trend, the withdrawal of coal distribution obtained three seams, namely a seam with a thickness of 1.21 m at Lp 4 , seam b with a thickness of 0.82 m on Lp 4, on Lp 2 the thickness of the coal seam is 0.03 m on seam b upper, 0.02 m on seam b middle and seam c lower 0.1 m, and 0.04 m on seam b upper and 0.03 m on seam b lower Lp 5 and seam c with a thickness of 1.65 m on seam b upper and seam c lower on Lp 1.

Impact of Nutrition Intervention Among Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) Women Beneficiaries in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India

The study was undertaken to understand the impact of MGNREGS on the livelihood and nutritional status of women in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India. The primary aim was to assess the socio-demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary aspects. After non-formal nutrition education all parameters were re-assessed for impact analysis. The cross-sectional research design was utilized to estimate the prevalence of the outcome of interest for a given population. Among 1000 selected MGNREGS women beneficiaries, 500 were taken as samples by random sampling technique in 20 rural development blocks aged 20 to >60 years. A structured questionnaire was used to collect all the information. The data were analyzed for mean, standard deviation and two-tailed test with statistical significance level of (p<0.05) by SPSS 14.0 software. After intervention, improvement in waist-hip ratio was proven to be statistically significant (p=0.044); Comparing the percentage of each physical sites assessed clinically before and after nutrition intervention, Z-test was taken to ensure where the improvement was statistically significant (p<0.05). Nutritional intervention was carried out in their workplace, it is a cost-effective, feasible method and good option to create a higher level of awareness and standard of living among MGNREGS women beneficiaries.

Assessment of Wet and Dry Spells Over North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu Using WASP

Rainfall is the most dependent weather factor that decides the success or failure of a crop in a location. The behaviour of rainfall plays a major role in the selection of crop, cropping system and cropping pattern. It is also essential for planning of water resource management structures. Hence it is essential to study the anomaly in rainfall over a long period of time to identify the deviation in rainfall pattern over the region. Weighted Anomaly of Standardized Precipitation Index (WASP) is an index that can help in identifying the occurrence of dry or wet spells over different time scales (tri, hexa, nona and dodeca-monthly). The analysis was carried out for Salem district of Tamil Nadu over a period of 30 years (1991-2020) which has an average rainfall of 990 mm per year with bimodal distribution. The analysis shows an increase in near normal events, decrease in wet as well as dry events with 3 m, 6 m, 9 m and 12 m WASP. The 3 m-WASP indicates the north east monsoon have more variability in rainfall since more number of wet as well as dry events have occurred during this season. With 6 m WASP During, in all the 3 decades, the consecutive wet as well as dry events have been occurred during the winter and NE monsoon seasons. This shows the risk in crop cultivation during NEM season because of higher instability in rainfall. Considering the longer time scale of 9 m and 12 m WASP indicates the occurrence of prolonged extreme dry or extreme wet events to be very minimal. The negative effects of these events can be handled easily by adopting proper drainage, water harvesting and storage structure within the farms. These structures can also help in recharging the ground water table in addition to supplementing water needs for the crops.

Salem Meiyanur Mariamman Temple Worship and People's Faith

All living beings in the world live depending on nature, likewise earlier man also led a life in harmony with nature. Nature appeared as an enigma to man. Natural objects such as thunder, lightning, rain, flood, volcano, darkness and sun are mysterious and it instilled fear among man. Man, who fears about nature and its disasters starts worshiping them as gods. The worship that appeared in this way is based on faith and is common to all human beings. Even today people follow some rituals to preserve the cultural heritage of a country or race. Today, worship is a necessity of the political background and reflects as a part of the society. Rituals are used to symbolize a culture. Since these rituals are mostly followed in villages. People go to temple to worship God and to seek His blessings. There are many methods to be followed in organizing a temple but most of the minor deity temples are worshiped without building structure considering trees and black stones as their deities. The purpose of this article is to investigate the location of Meiyanur Mariamman Temple which is located in Salem district, the structure of the temple, about the deities located in the temple, the ceremonies held for the deities and the beliefs people have on the deities, and the debts which they pay to deities if their faith is fulfilled.

Siddha Medicine used by Gombaipatti People in Salem District

Even today siddha medicines are very useful for people. In India no great medical research is undertaken for siddha medicines. Seekan Balku undertook a research on the medical notes written in palm print manuscripts. Natural medicinal products such as turmeric, ginger, pepper is used by Tamil people on a daily basis. All of these products are anti-inflammatory and so led a healthy life. Having all these products daily prevents various disease. These products are used in siddha medicine. People believe that the mantras used by people can bring prosperity.

Folk Games in Thekkampatti of Salem District

Folk literature is in use from the early days itself. Folk literature is just the expression of the people’s mind. Folk literature studies the customs, traditions and beliefs of the people. It is the mirror that clearly shows the lifestyles of the people. These people had many entertainments in their life such as singing songs, telling stories and playing games. Just like the origin of human history cannot be ascertained, the origin of folk literature also cannot be ascertained. Folklore literature is about the people’s life style and their activities. Folklore literature is very famous and it captured people’s heart. People’s life is filled with games, stories, arts, songs and proverbs. When compared to other literary genre in Tamil, folklore literature is something different that is the absence of author. This literature especially tells about the games and how it entertains people and strengthen their body.

Folk Playing Songs used in Kalangkurichi of Salem District- Psychological Thoughts

Folk literature is in use from the early days itself. Folk literature is just the expression of the people’s mind. Folk literature is also called oral literature or unwritten literature. Folklore is intertwined with the life of the common people. Folk songs are sung by the ordinary people and it is about their experience from birth to death. Lullabies, ritual songs, stories, professional songs, game songs, children songs, riddles and proverbs are sung by these ordinary people. Game songs are sung by both adults and children. The games which they played are related to nature and as time passes everything changes and now people create and adapt many games. They also formulated many rules for playing a particular game. Man learned to play from animals. Run and touch games may have originated from the phenomenon of one animal chasing another animal. Our forefathers have performed every game with a reason. Through the number sequence songs, they learned numeracy and the group songs shows their unity and self-confidence. At present people harm their body and mind by spending their time on mobile phone, playing video games and watching television. This article is intended to highlight the benefits of those games with the help of psychological thoughts.

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by traditional healers from Kiliyur, Pattipadi, in Yercaud hills, Salem district

An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among tribes in the Yercaud hills in the Eastern Ghats. According to our study, the documentation of herbal medicine and indigenous knowledge can be used as a tool to conserve and sustainably use herbal medicine in the area. This can be done by validating these plant preparations for various ailments. Based on interactions with traditional medicine practitioners; it has been observed that a total of 57 medicinal plants belonging to 28 families are used to cure various diseases.

A Study On Supply Chain Management In Auto Ancillary Units In The Salem District Of Tamilnadu

SCM refers to the network of interrelated transactions between clients and suppliers at every stage of the production process. These transactions begin with the purchase of raw materials at the point of origin and continue through the purchase of finished goods and work-in-progress at the point of consumption. Within this study, an effort has been made to identify the elements that have a role in determining the adequate supply chain management level in the sample units located within the Salem District. A representative sample of one hundred people who responded was taken from the Salem District. The study's evaluation utilized a straightforward percentage analysis, the chi-square test, and the Henry Garret Ranking Method. The findings indicate that efficient and environmentally friendly delivery chain procedures, on their own, will aid businesses in gaining a competitive advantage and might ensure sustained growth over the long-term.

Awareness on Life Skill Education for Employment Oppurtunity among Prospective Teachers

The tasks of globalization in the modern era make the higher education institutions to struggle hard to produce employable prospective teachers as creative and dynamic human assets. In India the rate of unemployment of prospective teachers keeps on rising because the academic and technical skills provided by an educational institutions are not adequate and satisfactory to achieve the demands of the personnel. Academic- skills alone do not promise upcoming job perspectives of prospective teachers. The current analysis of literature vibrantly echoes that the absence of life skills is one of the main reasons for unemployment of them. In this background, a survey was conducted to find out the level of awareness of the prospective teachers on 21st century life skills such as Critical thinking, Problem Solving, Communication, Cooperation, Creativity, Leadership, Effective Guidance, Character Development, Professional Ethics and Technology literacy.300 prospective teachers from three Colleges of Education in Salem district, Tamilnadu were selected as sample, by simple random sampling method. The findings of the study revealed that the awareness of prospective teachers on life skills was Low. Hence life skills training could be integrated in their curriculum which in turn give them proper employment opportunity.

Chief Minister’s Solar Powered Green House Scheme: A Study from Nangavalli Block in Salem District

Government of Tamil Nadu launches a large number of development programmes to endorse poverty reduction in rural areas. The census 2011 covered 9.56 million houses were in rural areas. There were 23.6 percent of the households was thatch. In this manner, the state government initiates to construct the concrete houses for the rural poor and notably environmentally protect the houses namely “Chief Minister’s Solar Powered Green House Scheme (CMSPGHS)”. It was started in 2011, to construct the houses measuring about 300 square feet at a unit cost of Rs. 1.80 lakh and CMSPGHS was fully funded by the state government. Each house consists of living rooms like bed room, kitchen, toilet and verandah apart from rain water harvesting provision. Then each house is provided with 5 solar powered Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) for each rooms and Rs. 30,000 for those solar powered lights. Therefore, this study focuses on CMSPGHS in Nangavalli Block, Salem district. In this present study includes an introduction, review of related studies, objective, methodology, CMSPGHS, major results, general observation and conclusion.

Biorational Based IPM Module for the Management of Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes Orbonalis in Brinjal

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the integrated pest management module against L.orbonalis in brinjal under field conditions. The brinjal fruit obtained Salem district is being sell to other states. Due to this massive requirement, farmers have a tendency to spray a higher number of pesticidal sprays to thwart slight damage or bore hole due to L.orbonalis. Crop damage produced by brinjal shoot and fruit borer was evaluated on the basis of damaged shoot and fruits separately. In order to assess the per cent shoot damage, the damaged shoots on five randomly selected tagged plants were counted as against total available shoots on the observed plants. In present study, Kharif and Rabi season recorded highest fruit yield of 288.71 and 307.50 quintals/ha and favorable cost benefit ratio of 1:2.07 and 1: 2.03 was recorded in IPM module plot respectively.

Factors Responsible for changing trends of Biodiversity in Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu

The present research study was conducted to find out the factors responsible for changing trends in biodiversityin Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Among the thirty two districts of Tamil Nadu, Salem andThiruvannamalai district were purposively selected. Since, the tribal population were found to be high.The study was conducted in two blocks namely Pethanaickenpalayam in Salem district and Jawadhu hillsin Thiruvannamalai district respectively. Totally 182 tribal respondents were selected based on proportionaterandom sampling method. The data was collected through personal interview method by using the well-structuredinterview schedule. The statistical method percentage analysis was used to analyse the collecteddata. Findings were meaningfully interpreted and relevant conclusions were drawn. The results showsthat introduction of new plant varieties (97.80 percent), deforestation (96.15 percent), erratic variation ofrainfall (94.50 per cent) and application of chemical fertilizer (91.75 percent) are the major factor responsiblefor changing trends of bio-diversity in the study area.

Green Entrepreneurs Challenges and Innovation: The Struggles They Face

Purpose: A green entrepreneur's enterprise prioritises environmental protection by minimising the negative impact of existing products, services, or processes. It contributes to the beneficial transformation of society. This study discusses green entrepreneur challenges and innovations in Tamil Nadu's Salem District. The intention of this study is to determine what factors determine the obstacles they experience in their business and how to transform those obstacles into opportunities Design/methodology/approach: Snowball sampling is employed to choose the population for this study from Salem's vast population, and the total number of respondents chosen is 50. Findings: Simple Percentage Analysis, Chi-Square, and the Henry Garrett Ranking Method are utilised for measuring the factors. The result of testing the hypothesis indicates that there is no correlation between age and the influence to start a business using technical or professional knowledge and skill Future Implications: Our work presents a range of theoretical and practical implications, as previously said, but it is not without limitations. In order to ascertain the direct and indirect effects of stakeholder demands, green dynamic capacity, green innovation, and firm performance, we first propose that future research make use of our framework and conduct a comparison study of small and large enterprises

Optimization of PHB production utilizing agro-waste as a sustainable substrate by the native isolate Bacillus cereus

Microbial synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), eco-friendly biopolymers is gaining more attention towards restricting environmental pollution by substituting the conventional non-biodegradable petroleum-based plastics. The current study is aimed to economize the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by optimizing the production media using sago waste as the cheapest carbon source. Bacillus cereus is a native isolate obtained from the soil where sago waste is disposed in and around Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India. PHB production media was optimized by Placket Burman design and Box Behnken design (pH: 7.07, temperature: 36.36 °C and sago waste: 19.7g/l)) and maximum OD values of 2.006 were observed in shake flask culture. The dry weight of PHB extracted under optimized conditions was measured by the chloroform extraction method and it was found to be 5.2g/l. In addition, Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the characteristic features of the PHB polymer. Thus, this study concludes that the utilization of sago waste for the synthesis of value-added products like PHB will not only help in reducing the cost of the PHB production process but also will assist to manage the problems associated with solid waste disposal.

Management of Major Insect Pests of Tomato using Multiple Resistant Tomato Hybrid Arka Rakshak

An attempt was made to demonstrate multiple resistant tomato hybrid Arka Rakshak for resistance against fruit borer and fungal diseases in field. Crop damage caused by tomato borer, whitefly and thrips borer was measured on the basis of damaged fruits, leaves separately. In order to assess the per cent fruit damage, the damaged fruits on five randomly selected tagged plants were counted as against total available fruits on the observed plants. Evaluation of host plant resistance in tomato using multiple resistant tomato hybrid Arka Rakshak for resistance against major insect pests of tomato were conducted during Kharif season of 2015 - 16 in the 10 farmers field at Karumandurai village of Salem district. The pretreatment count of leaf curl infection /plant was ranged from 5.64 to 6.22. The leaf curl infection in plant ranged from 3.22 to 12.92 per cent, 6.86 to 16.32 per cent and 7.82 to 24.62 per cent in vegetative, flowering and fruiting stage respectively. The yield was worked out baed on the healthy fruits harvested. The economics of multiple resistant tomato hybrid Arka Rakshak, variety sivam and untreated control were computed on the basis of current labour cost, cost of inputs and average market rate of tomato fruits.

Ethnomedicinal plants used by malayali tribals in yercaud hills, salem district, tamil nadu, india

The present study highlights the importance of some medicinal plants in the health care system of Malayali tribal community of Yercaud Hills, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. Ethnomedicinal information was collected from malayali tribes through personal interviews and group discussions with 8 randomly selected informants. Use value (UV), fidelity level (FL) and Informant Consensus factor (ICF) were determined. During the data collection 20 species distributed in 16 families for treating 44 different ailments. Ethnomedicinal plants like Abrus pulchellus, Wall, Andrographis paniculata, Wall.ex.Nees, Asclepias curassavica, L, Asparagus racemosus, Wild, Azadirachta indica, A. Juss, Cassia fistula, Linn, Centella asiatica, Urb, Corallocarpus epigaeus, Hook.f, Curculigo orchioides, Gaertn, Emblica officinalis, Gaerth,Enicostemma littirale, Blume, Hemidesmus indicus, R. Br, Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.Ham.) Wall.ex.G.Don, Leucas aspera, Spreng, Mimosa pudica, Linn, Myrica esculenta, Buch. Ham, Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) chiov, Terminalia bellerica, Roxb, Terminalia chebula, Retz and Toddalia asiatica, Lamk were documented during the study. UV of the encountered plant species ranged from 0.38 to 1.13. The uppermost FCI value is reported for Ejaculation of semen and Bone fracture. In the present investigation, the FL varied from 50 to 100%.

A STUDY ON COGNITIVE ABILITY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG HIGHER S ECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The main aim of the study to find out the significance relationship between in cognitive ability and academic achievement of higher secondary school students. Cognitive ability is a term used in cognitive psychology to define the way persons think, perceive and recall information. The school and teacher have a great extend for developing cognitive ability. The present study is about to understand the cognitive ability and academic achievement of higher secondary school students in Salem district of Tamil Nadu. Simple random Sampling method is used to collect the sample. Two fifty higher secondary school students from different types of schools like government, government aided and private were taken for the study. Cognitive ability tool was used to collect the data. For the purpose of analysis level, ‘t’ test and correlation were used. The findings of the study obtained that the there was significant relationship between cognitive ability and academic achievement of higher secondary school students. KEYWORDS: cognitive ability, systematic ability, intuitive ability, academic achievement, higher secondary school students

A Study on Major Issues Faced by the Consumers in Buying Organic Food Products in Salem District of Tamil Nadu

The consumption of food pattern of consumer’s is changing rapidly due to rising awareness about health, higher disposable income and increasing number of modern retail outlets across the country are the major growth drivers for the organic food markets. A better quality and healthy lifestyle have become a kind of necessity to the current generation. Consumers are become more concerned about the food safety. They tend to consume foods that are nutritious, healthy, safety, and the environmental friendly. Organic products are grown under organic manure without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The organic farming method works at grass root level preserving the reproductive and regenerative capacity of the soil, good plant nutrition, and sound soil management practices and produces healthy nutritious food rich in vitality which has resistance to diseases. The consumers also face some problems on buying organic food products. The study focuses on the major issue on buying organic food products.