Saleh Bay Research Articles

Optimising Marine Basic Spatial Units (MBSU) for Ocean Accounting using empirical data from Saleh Bay, Indonesia

Ocean Accounts, aligned with the UN System of Environmental Economic Accounting – Environmental Accounting (SEEA EA), bring together economic, social and environmental information in a coherent and standardised manner. Ecosystem extent is a structure to understand environmental assets and uses a basic spatial unit to facilitate the classification and measurement of ecosystems by type. This study tested the impact of grid size and method of designation per grid cell for Marine Basic Spatial Units (MBSU), using Saleh Bay, Indonesia as a case study. The extent of mangrove, seagrass and coral reefs were previously delineated in 2021 for ocean accounting activities. This study tested grids with two different cell sizes (10 x 10 m2 and 25 x 25 m2) and two different methods of designation, namely: (i) dominance (extent-based) and (ii) hierarchy (criteria-based) methods. The results indicated that a larger grid size is related to higher error in estimating both total area per ecosystem and spatial configuration within the study area. The dominance method produced more accurate results than the hierarchy method, although, when considering computational trade-offs, a larger grid size and the hierarchy method observed a much lower computational cost. These results demonstrate the need to carefully consider grid size and method when designating basic spatial units for accounting activities, as they impact linked accounting tables and, in turn, have implications when providing information for management and policy.

Untangling the Complexity of Small-Scale Fisheries: Building an Understanding of Grouper-Snapper Fisheries Dynamics in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Small-scale tropical fisheries are complex systems that utilize multiple fishing gears to target various species. In this study, we investigated small-scale reef and demersal fisheries in Saleh Bay, Indonesia, using catch and effort data from 2016 to 2019, where 57.7 percent of the catch was grouper (serranids) and snapper (lutjanids). Despite the complexity (75 documented species and eight fishing methods), this fishery is characterized by the catches of four dominant species: leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), orange-spotted-grouper (Epinephelus coioides), spotted coral grouper (P. maculatus), and malabar blood snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus). The species caught varied among fishing methods. Over 90% of the catch was attributed to three primary fishing methods: bottom longline, speargun, and handline. Multivariate analyses found that fishing depth, season, and/or year significantly influenced the catch composition for each of these fishing methods. Fishing activities exhibit a temporal pattern influenced by monsoonal seasons. Results also suggest that fishers employ specialized fishing tactics by targeting high-value species to maximize their profits. This study recommends a management strategy of focusing on monitoring and managing the three main fishing gears and four important species during their peak seasons to reduce some of the complexity and management costs.

PENDUGAAN STATUS STOK DAN INDIKATOR BIOEKONOMI PERIKANAN KERAPU DI TELUK SALEH, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

One of the challenges in managing small-scale fisheries with limited data is the need for indicators to estimate the stock status and the total allowable catch for sustainable utilization of fish resources. This study aims to estimate the stock status, catch, and optimal fishing effort of the grouper fishery in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara Province by using the Length-based Spawning Potential Ratio analysis, production surplus model, and bioeconomic approach. Based on the results of this study, it is known that Plectopomus leopardus and Epinephelus coioides are in overexploited condition, while Plectropomus maculatus is in fully exploited status. This study also shows that with a bioeconomic approach, optimal conditions for grouper fisheries in these waters are achieved when the catch is 3,862.1 tonnes per year. The results of this study underline the importance of maximum economic yield-based management as a framework for a fishing quota-based system as an additional instrument in implementing sustainable fishery management in the future. The success of applying the quota system and the total allowable effort is determined by the accuracy of the catch data of small vessels around Saleh Bay under regulatory provisions, supervision and effective law enforcement, the socio-cultural conditions of local communities and the level of compliance with regulations.Keywords: fishing effort, grouper, overfished, quota system.

Application of the Method Evaluation and Risk Assessment Tool for a Small-Scale Grouper Fishery in Indonesia

Management strategy evaluation using the Method Evaluation and Risk Assessment (MERA) platform was used to evaluate management procedures (MPs) for improving the management of the leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) fishery in Saleh Bay, Indonesia. This grouper is a valuable species currently under high fishing pressure. It is targeted by small-scale fisheries using a wide range of fishing methods; hence, management recommendations are needed to ensure sustainability. A suite of MPs for data-limited conditions were evaluated for their ability to achieve limit and target biomass reference points (B/BMSY = 0.5 and B/BMSY = 1, respectively), while maintaining a target yield of at least 0.5 MSY. The simulation results suggest that the currently implemented harvest control rules (HCRs) in Saleh Bay (size limit and spatial closure) may not be effective in achieving the management objective to attain the target biomass reference point due to relatively low compliance with the size limit regulation (320 mm total length) and the very small proportion of existing MPA no-take areas (~2.2%). This study recommends that the fisheries management authority explores the feasibility of implementing the total allowable catch (TAC) and seasonal closure in addition to the existing fishing regulations for P. leopardus in Saleh Bay.

Komunikasi Pariwisata Dan Brand Destinasi Dalam Meningkatkan Kunjungan Wisatawan Pada Wisata Hiu Paus Di Kabupaten Sumbawa

Sektor pariwisata merupakan salah satu penggerak ekonomi daerah dan penyumbang untuk devisa negara. Pengembangan di sektor ini bertujuan untuk mendukung upaya pelestarian lingkungan guna meningkatkan jumlah destinasi wisata yang layak dikunjungi, menarik, dan mampu mendatangkan manfaat. Salah satu kawasan pengembangan wisata yang sukses di Sumbawa yaitu Kawasan Teluk Saleh, terutama wisata hiu paus di desa Labuhan Jambu, kecamatan Tarano, kabupaten Sumbawa. Sepanjang tahun 2019 pertengahan Mei, jumlah wisatawan hiu paus mengalami penurunan dan akhir Mei 2019 jumlah wisatawan berangsur meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komunikasi pariwisata dan brand destinasi dalam meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan hiu paus di Labuhan Jambu, Kecamatan Tarano, Kabupaten Sumbawa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan tabel matriks analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model komunikasi pariwisata yang diterapkan dalam wisata hiu paus di Labuhan Jambu, Sumbawa adalah komunikasi multi langkah dan komunikasi WEB. Model komunikasi tersebut melibatkan tiga stakeholder utama yang memegang peran penting dalam wisata hiu paus yaitu pemerintah, swasta dan masyarakat. Semua stakeholder yang terlibat memiliki tanggung jawab menyebarluaskan informasi untuk menjaga eksistensi pariwisata hiu paus secara berkelanjutan.

Assessment of grouper’s catch, diversity and abundance in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Grouper are demersal fishes that can be found in tropical and subtropical waters. In Indonesia, one of the areas where grouper production takes place in Saleh Bay, a semi-enclosed water with small islands, coral reefs and a high diversity. Information’s about the population and abundance of grouper species in Saleh Bay are currently limited. The benefits of this research are to enhance the availability of information on grouper diversity and the area as grouper fishing ground for future improvement on grouper fisheries management in Saleh Bay. Therefore, the study aimed to analyse the diversity, equitability, species richness and dominance index of different grouper species and the grouper fishing ground in this area. The data were obtained from field observations and fish landing data. Grouper caught have been calculated for each fishing gear based on the following parameters: diversity index (Shannon-Wiener), species richness, equitability, and dominance index. The results showed that grouper fishing grounds are spread over Saleh Bay. Fishers caught grouper around small islands with coral reefs. The diversity of grouper for each fishing gear ranged in a moderate category. We found that the bottom longline caught the highest species richness of grouper compare to other fishing gears. The dominance index showed no dominance using each examined fishing gear, or it can be said that grouper species are evenly caught with each fishing gear based on the calculation of the equitability index.

PEMETAAN SPASIAL DAN TEMPORAL STATUS PEMANFAATAN IKAN KERAPU DI PERAIRAN TELUK SALEH, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

The Saleh Bay is one of the bays in West Nusa Tenggara utilized as the grouper fishing ground. However, in the previous spawning potential ratio study, some grouper species have been overexploited in Saleh Bay. This study aimed to estimate the status of grouper utilization with a catch per unit effort (CPUE) approach and the spatio-temporal fishing intensity of grouper in fishing grounds in Saleh Bay. Data were gathered using the fish landing data and geo-reference of fishing ground grouper in Saleh Bay. This study used several methods: descriptive analysis, catch per unit effort, and spatial-temporal analysis. The result showed that the catch unit effort positively impacts production, with the increasing trend of grouper fishing in Saleh Bay waters. The CPUE value in 2016 was 2.82 kg/trip, while in 2020, it increased to 3.99 kg/trip. Spatially and temporally, fishers caught grouper around small islands such as Liang Island, Dempu Island, Lipan Island, Takat Nusa Pudu, and Rakit Island. The highest intensity of grouper fishing around the marine protected area, namely Rakit Island, Liang Island, and Ngali Island.
 Keywords: catch per unit effort, fishing ground, grouper, Saleh Bay

Community-Based Whale Sharks Conservation to Strengthen Ma-rine Tourism Management in Sumbawa

Sumbawa is famous for its marine tourism, apart from the beauty of its beaches, Sumbawa also has marine fauna that attracts the attention of tourists, namely whale sharks. It is recorded that there are around 99 species of Whale Sharks located in Saleh Bay, Sumbawa. Thus, making Saleh Bay the location with the second largest whale shark population in Indonesia and UNESCO designated Saleh Bay as part of the SAMOTA biosphere reserve. Currently, whale sharks have protected fauna according to the decree of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 18 of 2013. This is due to the pollution of whale shark habitats by pollutants including garbage and microplastics. In addition, the Overexploitation of whale sharks is some of the causes of the significant decline in whale shark populations. Marine ecotourism activities in the form of exhibiting Whale Sharks to tourists can be an alternative way of sustainable use because it has minimal impact on individual Whale Sharks, in addition, marine ecotourism activities can also provide economic benefits to the Sumbawa community and regional development including supporting efforts to protect and preserve the whale shark fauna. The Study "Community-Based Whale Shark Conservation to Strengthen Marine Tourism Management in Sumbawa “aims to present a blue economy model for coastal communities in Sumbawa and increase community participation in conservation activities, as well as improve the welfare of coastal communities in Sumbawa.

Community-Based Marine Ecotourism Management in Prajak Area, Sumbawa

Prajak is crowned as the top 300 tourist villages at the 2022 Indonesian tourism village award. Prajak is a hamlet located in the Saleh Bay cluster, Sumbawa, so development in this area is directed as a marine tourism area. Even though it is named a tourist village, the tourism conditions in Prajak are still not optimal and have not been developed properly. The condition of the beach is still natural, but the lack of public awareness of tourism opportunities and the inadequate infrastructure of existing tourism infrastructure have resulted in marine tourism in prajak is not yet known by the public. In addition, the main problem is the rampant illegal fishing which has an impact on the destruction of coral reefs, the reduction of fishermen's catches, and the threat to fish sustainability. Therefore, the development of non-extractive, non-consumptive, and sustainable natural resources needs to be prioritized in the field of tourism so that marine ecotourism is the main choice. This study aims to design an appropriate marine ecotourism zoning in Prajak Sumbawa area based on its ecological potential, analyze the feasibility of community-based marine ecotourism, and create a community-based marine ecotourism management strategy in Prajak, Sumbawa Regency.

Stock Performance and Fishers’ Perception of Grouper and Snapper Fisheries in the Saleh Bay, Indonesia

The legal basis of managing grouper and snapper fisheries in Saleh Bay is the Governor Regulation of West Nusa Tenggara No. 32 of 2018. This study aims to assess stock performance and understand fishers' perception of the regulation. In this study, we used length-based assessment, perception analysis, and Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries technique. The overall results showed that the implementation of the governor fisheries management regulation was still not optimal, although the potential spawning ratio (SPR) of most fish stocks has higher than the threshold, being over 20% (SPR limit reference point), except Epinephelus coioides. However, fishers had diverse perceptions of the governor regulations and had not fully complied with the most important ones. These included the minimum size of catch and the allowed type of fishing gear. Therefore, we identify four management strategies to improve a more sustainable fisheries management are: an intensive program to increase public awareness about sustainable fisheries needs to be conducted, the policy to limit the legal size must be enforced and should be adopted as provincial regulation in the future, the surveillance capability and law enforcement of destructive fishing practices (bombs and potassium) should be strengthened, stakeholder participation should be engaged, and social institutions of the fishing community should be empowered by co-management. This study also highlights the urgency of establishing a combination of market-based management (e.g., seafood certification) and a closed fishing season in spawning aggregation areas to complement existing fishery management.

Fishing Ground Mapping Model in The Semi-Enclosed Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara

Saleh Bay is a semi-enclosed area of water in Nusa Tenggara Barat Province that is enriched by fisheries resources. The bay’s strategic position, surrounded by several small islands, makes it an area of fertile water. An area of water is considered a potentially ideal fishing ground if it contains several oceanographic phenomena, including thermal fronts and upwelling. Fishing activities in Saleh Bay have been found to be ineffective and inefficient due to local people’s continued use of traditional methods such as fishing by signs of nature (instincts), wind direction, astrological signs and previous experience. This study aimed to create a mapping model of the fishing grounds in Saleh Bay based on remote sensing satellite data. Spatial analysis of daily level 3 images from the Suomi-National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) was conducted throughout January and August 2019. The image acquisition period was adapted based on the seasonal system of Indonesia. The study area was determined based on thermal front events as identified by sea surface temperature (SST) data analysed using statistical regression with a Non-Linear Multi-Channel SST (NLSST) approach. An ideal fishing ground is characterised by several oceanographic settings such as upwelling and thermal front occurrence. The average SST distribution in January 2019 was relatively high, ranging from 30.39 to 33.70 oC, while in August 2019, the temperature declined significantly, ranging from 25.09 to 29.30 oC. Concerning the fishing ground model, a plethora of potential fishing ground areas were identified in August compared to January 2019, at 144 and 42 points respectively. This reflected the density of the fishing grounds observed. The fishing grounds were most likely to be concentrated in the bay mouth during the southwest monsoon and within the bay near the plateau during the northeast monsoon. The seasonal variability of Saleh Bay played a significant role in the spatial extraction of the fishing ground data.

Analisis Optimalisasi Benefit Aset Keuangan Nelayan Ubur-Ubur dalam Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan

The appearance of Jellyfish on Teluk Saleh Island, Sumbawa Regency, is an opportunity to develop this product, not only exporting raw materials, but also in the form of processed materials so that they have a greater added value than just raw materials. The purpose of this study is to analyze the optimization of the business benefits of Jellyfish fishermen in realizing prosperity. This type of research is descriptive research with survey methods through a qualitative approach. The data analysis technique is through data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. A large number of fishermen have benefited from the business of catching jellyfish on the island of Teluk Saleh. Utilization of Jellyfish in Saleh Bay can have a positive impact because it is considered a stinging pest and can become Saleh Bay's export commodity which has a high selling value and price. feel self-sufficient and have implications for improving the welfare of Jellyfish fishermen in Teluk Saleh.

Evidence of residential area of whale sharks in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara

Saleh Bay is one of the locations where whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) occurrence observed in Indonesia and can be found all year round. Whale sharks broadly distributed throughout tropical and sub-tropical waters of the world’s oceans. Immature male is less than 7 m long, while female is less than 10 m, mostly tend to coastal habitat related. Result of research by Conservation International presented at International Whale Shark Conference in Australia in 2019, Whale Sharks in Saleh Bay had home movement patterns. This study aims to prove that Saleh Bay is the residential area of the whale shark. This study was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020. The Photo-ID data obtained were compared with CI’s Saleh Bay Whale Shark ID Catalog data which last update on April 2020. Surface temperature was measured directly in the range of 29-320C, data for chlorophyll-a were taken from marine.copernicus.eu and bathymetry from cmap.ihms.us then interpolated using QGIS 3.10 software. From this study period, 24 Photo-IDs were obtained from 39 whale sharks, which identified as 23 males, 1 female, and 6 were new individuals from June 2019 to April 2020. The size of the whale sharks recorded in this study ranged from 2,5 to 7 m with 4,86 m in average, and considered as juveniles.

An evaluation of grouper and snapper fisheries management policy in Saleh Bay, Indonesia

In the policy context, managing grouper and snapper fisheries resources for sustainability is a big challenge due to the complexity of small-scale fisheries in Saleh Bay. This study implemented two analytical methods: length-based analysis and ecosystem approach to fisheries assessment to evaluate the performance of the implementation of the grouper and snapper fisheries management in Saleh Bay. The results showed after policy implementation, the mean length of species has been slightly larger and three species already reached the spawning potential ratio (SPR) target reference point. However, two of the 11 species regulated had SPR values below the limit reference point, which indicated that these species are currently fished at unsustainable levels. Overall, the assessment of fishery risk index indicated the risk status of this fisheries in the category of moderate risk, 1.185, in which two dimensions need to be improved: socio-economy and habitat. Therefore, this study highlighted leverage points to achieve ‘good’ performance level, such as socialization program intensively, enforcing regulation to provincial regulation, strengthening the surveillance and law enforcement of destructive fishing practices, empowerment of local institutions by co-management, and rehabilitation of coral reef ecosystems.

Stakeholder participation in management planning for grouper and snapper fisheries in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

In 2016, a collaborative management planning for grouper and snapper fisheries started in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, as the first attempts to adapt a national fisheries management plan engaging local stakeholder (such as government units, fishers, traders, academics, and non-governmental organisations). In this work, we describe a management planning based on stakeholders over two years. We found that engaging stakeholders from the beginning fostered a strong sense of ownership within the planning process; enabled scientifically generated recommendations to lead to the most suitable management measures; and facilitated early communication leading to acceptance of the proposed fishing rules during public consultations. To synthesis the process, we propose and discuss a framework aiming to guide management planning in other parts of Indonesia.

Sustainability analysis of tomato jellyfish (Crambione mastigophora) fisheries resources management in Saleh Bay Waters, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia

Abstract. Asrial E, Marzuki M, Hamid, Khasanah RI. 2021. Sustainability analysis of tomato jellyfish (Crambione mastigophora) fisheries resources management in Saleh Bay Waters, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 512-520. The tomato jellyfish (Crambione mastigophora) or gullung (local term), is endemic in Saleh Bay, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia and has been utilized as an additional livelihood by fishermen for last two decades. Its commonly caught by 2-4 fishermen/boat using scoop net, wooden fishing vessels, and lamps as attractors and collectors of jellyfish. This study aims to determine the sustainability of jellyfish fisheries management. A survey-dependent method with sampling, observation, dialogue, and documentation techniques was applied for data compilation. The rapid appraisal for jellyfish fisheries - six dimensions (Rapjellyfish-6D), based on Rapfish technique, is utilized for analysis of the sustainability status of jellyfish fisheries management. This paper describes the sustainability analysis results for two of the six dimensions of jellyfish fisheries management, namely the technological dimension (13 attributes) as an input factor and the economic dimension as an output factor (14 attributes). At present, around 8-30 baskets/boat/day of jellyfish mouth-arms are being sold to the buyers in Saleh Bay. This catch's profit is divided between the fishermen (3 parts) and the boat owner (2 parts). The analytical results show the revenue per cost ratio (R/C Ratio) as 4.75 which means that every 1.00 Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) the cost of catching jellyfish will generate IDR 4.75. The breakeven point (BEP)Price is IDR 13,158 and BEPProduction is 3.13 and 8.33 baskets/trip for the assumed price of IDR 80,000 and IDR 30,000. The technological (36.13%) sustainability status and economic (49.64%) dimension is Less Sustainable. The leverage analysis results indicate that the group of sensitive attributes in the technological and economic dimensions, respectively, consists of 5 attributes and 3 attributes. All sensitive attributes have an impact on the low value of management sustainability. The sustainability of jellyfish fisheries management in Saleh Bay has been supported by a choice of environmentally friendly fishing methods. Besides, the mouth-arm price is formed from an oligopsony market system that is not profitable for fishermen. It is suggested to the village government to build an integrated and environmentally friendly scyphozoan facility to neutralize the liquid waste generated from scyphozoan processing.

Spatial Bioeconomic Analysis of Grouper Fishing on the Fisheries Management Framework in Saleh Bay

This study aims to determine the performance of small-scale grouper fisheries in Saleh Bay using a spatial bioeconomic approach. The optimal fishing trip allocation and economic rent based on the fishing grounds and its season were estimated using this approach. The results showed from the seven main fishing grounds (DPI) in Saleh Bay, the highest optimal trip need to be allocated to DPI-7 with approximately 2833 trips per year, followed by DPI-5 (2107), DPI-1 (1158), DPI -4 (1064), DPI-6 (970), DPI-2 (940) and DPI-3 (524). The intensity of fishing trip responded to the quasi-profit. The grouper catches produced quasi-profits of IDR 1.4 billion per year. The maximum and minimum annual profits of IDR 428 million and IDR 55 million were achieved in DPI-7 and DPI-3, respectively. This trip allocation complements the existing restriction management instrument, related to the control of input, area and season closure options. This strategy choice eases the fisheries managers to focus on spatial and temporal control efforts with high resolution.

Growth and Population Parameters of Panulirus penicillatus and Panulirus homarus in Labangka Tidal Waters, Indonesia

HighlightUtilization, Growth, and Population of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei Risso 1810) in Indian Ocean Southern Sumbawa (2020)Eligibility Status Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) from Lombok Strait and Indian Ocean Southern Sumbawa (2020)Biological Aspect of Parent Candidate of White-spotted Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) from Serewe Bay, Lombok Timur District (2020)Study of Sustainability in Management of Malabar Blood Snapper Fisheries in the Indian Ocean Coastal Waters, Sumbawa Regency (2020)Growth Rate and Survivorship of Acropora sp. Fragments that Transplanted on the Artificial Substrate Made from Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (2020)Reproductive Biological Aspect of Panulirus penicillatus in Sumbawa Island Waters, Indonesia (2019)Fisheries Resource Status of Spiny Lobster Panulirus penicillatus in Labangka Waters, South Sumbawa, Indonesia (2019)Growth Rate of Acropora formosa Coral Fragments Transplanted on Different Composition of Faba Kerbstone Artificial Reef (2019)Agribusiness of Edible Jellyfish Crambione mastigophora in Saleh Bay, NTB: Implementation of Sustainable Fisheries (2019)AbstractThe Labangka tidal waters, located south of Sumbawa Regency are the habitat and potential fishing ground for lobsters. The dominant species caught by the Labangka fishermen are the Panulirus penicillatus and P. homarus. Fishing pressure is one of the greatest factor influencing the biological and stock condition of lobsters in Labangka. The aim of this study is to determine the key attributes in growth and population parameters. Some attributes whose values are relatively stable compared to that of 2015, consist of conditional factors such as (old age), growth pattern (hypoallometric), growth coefficient (slow growth), exploitation rate (overexploited), and fishing rate (excessive fishing). While, attributes that have improved are carapace length at first capture (CLc) longer than 50% carapace length of infinity (0.5CL∞) and CL rate (CLc/0.5CL∞) reaching more than 1.00 (CLR > 1.00). In implementing sustainable management of spiny lobster for fishery resources, improvisation is needed in place of catching technologies. One of the recommendation is to add more fishing vessel (Lboat > 17.0 m) equipped with engines that are able to reach potential fishing ground in the west waters of Cemplung beach, Labangka.

Evaluating data-limited fisheries for grouper (Serranidae) and snapper (Lutjanidae) in the Coral Triangle, eastern Indonesia

Small-scale fisheries (SSF) in southeast Asia contribute more food fish for human consumption than industrial fisheries and in Indonesia, employ almost 85% of the total fisheries employees. Grouper and snapper are commercially important species highly targeted, including by small-scale fishers. We estimate the spawning potential ratios (SPRs) of high-value species in a small-scale fishery in Saleh Bay (Plectropomus leopardus, Variola albimarginata and P. maculatus) and in the Timor Sea (Lutjanus gibbus, L. boutton and Epinephelus areolatus) from a larger scale fishery (Kupang) and a SSF (Rote), using length-frequency data, biological parameters and empirical equations and the length-based SPR methodology. Measuring programs collected 10,621 lengths frequency samples from six species over 12 months, with ¿ 800 recorded lengths for each species. The SPRs for all species were very low (0.02–0.12), except for E. areolatus (0.49) and ratios of fishing to natural mortalities (F/M) were high (1.8 – 9.3). The results from the length-based SPR model indicate that the fish are harvested below the size of maturity, except for E. areolatus. Further analysis indicated that the smaller E. areolatus landed in Rote is likely under-represented compared to that of E. areolatus landed in Kupang. The expanding landings of grouper and snapper on a broad-scale and low SPRs highlight the importance of seeking measures to rebuild these stocks. These estimates of SPR would be enhanced by detailed biological studies of these species to obtain local estimates of growth parameters and size at maturity, as well as the size-at-selectivity for different fishing gears.

Komposisi Jenis Ikan di Perairan Pantai Teluk Saleh, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) dan Tanimbar Utara, Maluku Tenggara

Study of the fish diversity in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) has been carried out in August 2000, and in North Tanimbar, Maluku Tenggara during November to December 2002. The fishes collecting in Saleh Bay using gillnet, beach seine, angling, and light fishing while in North Tanimbar by beach seine. A total specimens which collected from Saleh Bay were 576 samples, consist of 108 species from 29 families while in North Tanimbar were found 2 763 specimens, representing 61 species from 28 families.