House Sales Research Articles

Heterogeneous Effect of “Eco-Friendly” Dwellings on Transaction Prices in Real Estate Market in Portugal

The main objective of this research is to assess the impact of energy certificate ratings (EPCs) on the value per m2 of Portuguese housing sales. Data from 289 Portuguese municipalities between 2014 and 2019, analysed with a fixed effects panel and method of moments quantile regression, were used. EPCs with high energy efficiency ratings (e.g., A+, A, B, and B-) are used as a proxy for dwellings with “green” or “environmentally friendly” certificates. On the other hand, ratings with a low energy efficiency (e.g., C, D, E, and F) are used as a proxy for dwellings with “non-green” or “not environmentally friendly” certificates. The results support that EPCs associated with green housing increase the value per m2 of housing sales, and those associated with non-green housing decrease the sales value. It was also found that municipal GDP, tax/financial incentive policies for energy efficiency, and the number of completed dwellings in new constructions for family housing will increase sales value. On the other hand, credit agreements and completed reconstructions reduce sales value. Lastly, the results and outgrowths of this study will support the policymakers and governments in developing consistent policies and initiatives that promote the “green” or “eco-friendly” dwellings in Portugal or in similar economies.

The Legal Consequences of Debtor Transfer Carried out under the Agreement, House Ownership Loans

Mortgage agreements often find cases, including the transfer of rights to the mortgage object, namely the house, which is carried out under the hands of the debtor to another party before the mortgage is paid off without the knowledge of the bank. This research aims to examine the validity of the house sale and purchase agreement on house ownership loans (KPR), through the debtor transfer process and to examine the legal consequences of the transfer of debtors carried out under the hands of a mortgage agreement, and also to examine the efforts have been taken by the bank to overcome it. This research used normative legal research. The results of this research showed that the transfer of debtors in general can occur with the knowledge of the bank and without the knowledge of the bank (under the hands). It can be concluded that the debtor transfer process is a form of sale and purchase agreement made between the old debtor, who is still bound by the bank credit agreement, and the new debtor. The process of transferring debtors legally must be carried out between three parties, namely the bank, the old debtor and the new debtor. The debtor transfer process must meet the requirements for a valid credit agreement, which is based on Article 1320 of the Civil Code. If there is a transfer of the debtor without the knowledge of the bank, legal remedies must be taken by the new debtor by filing a lawsuit against the old debtor and the bank to the District Court. This decision from the District Court which has permanent legal force (inkracht) is evidence of the existence of an agreement between the old debtor and the new debtor, and can be the basis for the bank to submit certificates and other documents to the new debtor. In order to avoid problems in the future, people who want to transfer debtors to mortgages can do so after obtaining approval from the bank as creditor.

Can Indoor Residents Perceive Green and Blue Spaces in Communities as Posted Sentiments? A Verification in Nanchang

Ecological infrastructures (EIs), such as public and urban green and blue spaces (GBSs), have been well demonstrated to benefit visitors’ mental well-being. Experiences in community GBSs may also evoke positive emotions for their residents. In this study, 54 communities in Nanchang were chosen as objective sites, where landscape metrics of GBSs were remotely evaluated. A total of 2105 local residents’ facial expressions (with happy, sad, and neutral emotions) were obtained from Sina Weibo. Inhabitants showed more net positive emotions (happy minus sad) in cold seasons, and females smiled more frequently than males. Newly constructed communities with houses for sale had larger areas of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and built-up index compared to communities with no houses for sale. Neither the availability of houses for sale nor housing price had any effect on facial expression scores. Poisson regression revealed significant coefficients (β) of positive emotions with largeness of green space (GS) and blue space (BS). Overall, BS had a stronger contribution (β, 0.6–1.1) to residents showing positive emotions relative to GS (β, −2.45–0.89), whose area ratio of NDVI increased the frequency of showing happiness. We recommend constructing GBSs with over 0.68 km2 of GS and over 2000 m2 of BS per community, where the area ratio of GS should be more than 70% of the total if the goal is to evoke more happiness in residents.

Understanding the Accessibility of Urban Parks and Connectivity of Green Spaces in Single-Person Household Distribution: Case Study of Incheon, South Korea

Given the rapidly increasing need for policies with regard to single-person households in Korea, this study examines the effects of park accessibility and the connectivity of green spaces on the spatial distribution of single-person households. SK-Tmap API and Conefor 2.6 are used to analyze park accessibility and green space connectivity, respectively. Multiple and spatial regression analyses are conducted using variables for the following three characteristics: park and green space, housing, and region. The findings show that generalized Betweenness Centrality–Integral Index of Connectivity based index (dBC_IIC), apartments, studio apartments, housings larger than 85 m2, distance to welfare facilities, and population density had a positive association with the spatial distribution of single-person households, while park accessibility, difference in Number of Links (dNL), generalized Betweenness Centrality–Probability of Connectivity based index (dBC_PC), and housing sale prices had a negative relationship. Regression analyses are further conducted for different age groups (10–20 years, 30–50 years, and over 60 years). In terms of park connectivity, dBC_PC showed a negative effect and dBC_IIC had a positive effect for the 10–20 age groups, while the 30–50 age group showed the same result as that of all single-person households. For single-person households over 60 years of age, no connectivity index was found to be significant. Policy implications are made in the short- and mid- to long-term for strengthening the connectivity of parks and green spaces in the study area. The results of this study can be used as an important guideline for establishing park and green space plans in consideration of single-person households in the future.

공공주택 공급 관련 법제에 관한 연구

Public housing refers to housing that is built, purchased, or leased and supplied by a public housing business entity under the Special Act on Public Housing with financial support from the State or local governments or the Housing and Urban Fund. Public housing can be broadly divided into public rental housing and public sale housing. Public rental housing is divided into eight types: permanent rental housing, national rental housing, happy housing, and etc.. In addition, so-called public-private self-owned housing was introduced in 2021. Korea's public rental housing system has changed according to the policy regimes of governments on public rental housing, and with these changes, new types of public rental housing have been introduced and the supply of certain types of public rental housing has increased or decreased. And there were also changes in the name and legal basis of public rental housing. The integrated public rental housing type was introduced in 2020 to unify the various types of public rental housing and simplify the occupancy qualifications. Follow-up measures are needed for the establishment of the integrated public rental housing type. Meanwhile, there are doubts about the effectiveness of so-called public-private self-owned housing, such as accumulated equity housing unit for sale and profit-sharing housing unit for sale, introduced in 2021. And until now, public housing was supplied by the State and LH Corporation, but now there is an opinion that the social housing supplied by local governments and social economy entities should be revitalized. However, due to the nature of social housing, social economy entities will experience financial difficulties just like LH Corporation, and these difficulties will eventually be resolved only with the support of the State or local governments. However, such support for social economic entities would be a burden to the State or local governments, and therefore, social consensus on such support should be preceded. In addition, social conflicts are occurring due to the supply of public housing, and social mix policies are being attempted to solve this problem, but another type of social conflict is occurring as a result. Ultimately, social conflicts caused by public housing can only be resolved when there is a social consensus on the overall public housing policy.

TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM ATAS KERUGIAN AKIBAT WANPRESTASI DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI TANAH (STUDI KASUS DI PENGADILAN NEGERI SIDOARJO) PUTUSAN NOMOR 16/Pdt.G/2019/PN Sda

Buying and selling is a form of general transaction that is often carried out by the public. Usually the sale and purchase agreement are made orally or in writing on the basis of the agreement of the parties involved parties (seller and buyer). This study aims to determine the process of implementing land and house sale and purchase agreements, regulations and rights and obligations between the seller and the buyer, and know the legal responsibility if one of the parties commits error. This research method is normative because in this study the researched are legal rules, legal principles and legal responsibility for implementation of the sale and purchase agreement of land and houses in Sukoharjo Regency. The nature of this research is descriptive which describes thoroughly and systematically about sale and purchase agreement. The results of the study show the process of buying and selling land and houses in Sukoharjo Regency, it must meet material, formal, and legal requirements. Condition material, which includes buyers, sellers and land objects, then the formal requirements include: original land certificate, proof of having paid PBB, BPHTB deposit letter, PPh deposit letter, and seller and buyer data which includes: KTP and KK, and the legal requirements of article 1320 Civil Code. After fulfilling the conditions, then both parties must do the following: a written agreement made by the PPAT party which is then signed by the parties. After signing the deed of agreement, the agreement then arises deal. After the agreement and signing of the agreement, the rights arise and obligations for the parties that must be carried out, the right of the seller is to receive payment for land and houses, while the buyer's rights are to receive ownership rights to the land and a house in the form of a certificate. The seller's obligation is to hand over the ownership rights to the land and house in the form of a certificate to the buyer, then the buyer's obligation is to pay price according to agreement. Legal responsibility if one of the parties commits errors due to default, must pay compensation based on article 1243 Civil Code. Meanwhile, if an error is made by one of the parties as a result of against the law committed by him, he must pay compensation based on article 1365 Civil Code

The Legal Certainty of Murabahah Contracts in Buying a House

The purpose of this research is to analyze: 1) Implementation of Murabahah contract in buying and selling houses through the Himalayan Puncak Abadi Sharia Cooperative in Palangka Raya City. 2). Legal certainty of Murabahah contracts in buying and selling houses through the Himalayan Puncak Abadi Sharia Cooperative in Palangka Raya City. The approach method used in discussing this research problem is a sociological juridical approach. The research specifications used are descriptive analytical research. This type of data uses primary data and secondary data. The data analysis method used in this research is qualitative analysis.The results of the study were concluded: 1) The implementation of the Murabahah contract in buying and selling houses through the Himalayan Puncak Abadi Sharia Cooperative in Palangka Raya City was started by using the principle of 5C financing analysis and went through several stages. namely the submission of an application by completing the required documents, checking the completeness of the documents, analyzing the feasibility of the financing proposal, approval or rejection of the results of the analysis through the financing committee binding with a notary deed. The Himalayan Puncak Abadi Sharia Cooperative in Palangka Raya City in resolving problematic financing can be overcome by means of qadhi, tahkim, and al-islah. 2) The legal certainty of the Murabahah contract in the sale and purchase of houses through the Himalayan Puncak Abadi Sharia Cooperative in Palangka Raya City can be realized because it is carried out by a notarial deed. The mortgage deed made with a notary deed can provide legal certainty for the parties. Based on the theory of legal certainty, the Murabahah contract is a natural legal certainty contract, which is a type of business transaction contract that has certainty of profits and income both in terms of amount and in terms of delivery, each party involved can predict the payment or payment time.

Cheap Old Houses, Critical Content and Roberts Media

<i>Cheap Old Houses</i>, Critical Content and Roberts Media

Antiquity market trends in Cycladic figurines, 2000–19: Studies in price, prevalence, and provenance

AbstractWhile the illicit trade in Cycladic figurines is a well-known phenomenon, and the escalatory impact of auction sales upon the looting of Cycladic deposits is widely accepted, there has been to date no systematic study of commercial transactions in Cycladic figurines. This study addresses this gap by performing a quantitative market analysis of auction house sales in Cycladic figurines between 2000 and 2019, examining the frequency with which they appear on the market, fluctuations in their price, and the nature of their provenance. In doing so, it sets out a methodology for navigating the ambiguous nature of antiquity market data, which can often give the misleading impression of a reforming market if the latent commercial contexts are not considered. Overall, a comprehensive insight is gained into the present state of the antiquities market in Cycladic figurines. This insight contributes much needed empirical data on the illicit antiquities trade and offers a new interpretative methodology that can be incorporated in future studies that seek to understand the true nature of antiquity market data.

The Role of PPAT in the Registration Process for the Transfer of Land Rights based on Buying and Selling Transaction

This study aims to determine and analyze about the role of PPAT in the registration process for the transfer of land rights based on buying and selling in Pati Regency. The research approach method used in this thesis is a sociological juridical approach. The specification of this research is analytical descriptive, a study that tries to describe the problems that occur in practice in the field associated with other provisions and then analyzed to obtain supporting facts and inhibiting factors of the problems studied. The data sources of this research consist of primary data and secondary data. Methods of collecting data using interviews, document studies, field studies.The data obtained from both field studies and document studies are basically data that were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed thatThe deed made by PPAT acts as an authentic deed, one of which is the deed of sale and purchase (AJB), which is a deed made when someone wants to sell their land to someone else. AJB functions to take care of the letters of transition from the old owner to the new owner. Before making the AJB, PPAT checks the authenticity of the certificate to the land office. The making of AJB is attended by sellers, prospective buyers, and at least two witnesses. AJB is made if the sale and purchase transaction has been paid off. According to the Decree of the State Minister of Public Housing Number 9 of 1995 concerning Guidelines for Binding the Sale and Purchase of Houses; AJB must be signed by the buyer and seller before the PPAT if the buyer has paid the entire land price along with taxes and other costs related to the sale and purchase transaction.

THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN EXCHANGE RATE ON FOREIGN HOUSİNG DEMAND: IN TURKEY

Çalışmamızın amacı reel döviz kurundaki değişimlerin yabancı konut talebi üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaçla yabancılara yapılan konut satışlarına döviz kurunun etkisi incelenmek istenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ülke uyruklarına göre yabancılara yapılan konut satış rakamları 2015 yılı itibariyle yayınlandığı için 2015-2021 dönemini kapsayan ülke uyruklarına ait aylık yabancılara yapılan konut satış verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda yapısal kırılmalı birim kök ve eşbütünleşme testleri kullanılmıştır. Zaman serisi analizinin kullanıldığı modelde bağımlı değişken yabancılara konut satışı olup bağımsız değişkenler olarak reel efektif döviz kuru ve konut fiyat endeksi rakamları kullanılmıştır. Gregory-Hansen eşbütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göre yabancılara konut satışı ile reel efektif döviz kuru ve konut fiyat endeksi arasında uzun dönemli eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin varlığı görülmektedir. Eşbütünleşme ilişkisi bulunan değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin analizi yapısal kırılmaların kukla değişken olarak analize dahil edildiği FMOLS katsayı yöntemi ile araştırılmış ve reel efektif döviz kurundaki %1’lik azalış (TL’nin değer kaybetmesi) yabancı konut satışını %3.43 arttırdığı sonucu elde edilmiştir. Konut fiyat endeksi değişkeninin katsayısı ise istatistiksel olarak anlamsız çıkmıştır.

Is the Timber Construction Sector Prepared for E-Commerce via Instagram®? A Perspective from Brazil

Timber construction is a contemporary solution where sales are performed through in-store trade. Timber house e-commerce may stimulate global markets, and in times of intense remote routines, it is useful to improve the performance of the wood and construction sectors. Timber housing producers and dealers are the research object under analysis to study the electronic market of this Brazilian sector on Instagram®. With just over four hundred companies, nearly 80% of this sector already utilizes this virtual social network. We validated the outcomes through a significant sampling of all 315 companies with corporate profiles to identify their competences, goals, and failures. The profiles prioritize the elucidation of products and basic features, not yet being ready for the virtual sales of timber houses. The study makes it clear that our results typify a sector marked by a developing electronic market. Inserting a description of product prices and detailed specifications may change this status. From failures and competences, a classification for social profiles was proposed to measure the progress and virtual participation of each individual.

Assessing the economic premium of electric vehicle charging points: a hedonic price analysis in Beijing, China

Electric vehicle charging points (EVCPs) are the foundation of the EV industry and are conducive to low-carbon transportation development. Research on EVCPs mainly focus on operation profits and layout, while no study assesses their economic premium. Aiming at providing a reference for the installation of EVCPs, this study employs a hedonic price model to evaluate the economic premium of CPs, based on apartment transactions and complex data on CPs in 2015 and 2016 in Beijing. The primary findings indicate the economic premium of CPs is significantly positive in both housing sale and rental markets. However, the impact of CPs on housing prices is heterogeneous in terms of complex floor area ratio and location. Specifically, the premium effect of CPs is more significant in larger complex and complex in the suburb. Following the above conclusions, we provide several policy pathways to promote the construction of CPs and their scientific location layout.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND WOODEN SRUCTURES OF TRADITIONAL OGAN ILIR BUILDINGS AS THE LOCAL CULTURAL WEALTH OF THE OGAN ILIR COMMUNITY.

South Sumatra has a lot of traditional houses across its region. Each house has its own characteristics. One notable design is houses built on stilts. In Ogan Ilir, especially Tanjung Batu, it is famous for the production of knock-down houses. Knock-down houses in Tanjung Batu are a stilt house with an architectural design that almost resembles a Limas house, only that these knock-down houses are specially designed to make it easy to disassemble and reassemble them elsewhere. This study aims to give a closer look at the design, structure and wood choices of knock-down houses that have become unique, cultural houses of Ogan Ilir people. This study will look at how the architectural design of the houses’ characteristics and wooden structures are adapted to the surrounding environment. This study was conducted qualitatively with an anthropological approach through ethnological techniques. To dig up information about knock-down houses, this was done through observation and data collection by conducting interviews and collecting written data such as journals and articles related to the topic. Observations and interviews were carried out in Tanjung Batu, which is the center for knock-down house craftsmen. The results obtained in this study are: (a) the daily activities of carpenters in the manufacture of knock-down houses, (b) tools and materials used in the construction of the knock-down houses, (c) sales of knock-down houses, (d) the development of wood tools and materials following the development of increasingly sophisticated technology, and (e) information about knock-down houses as a local, cultural building typical of Ogan Ilir.

Hành vi của người mua nhà trước những tín hiệu đáng ngờ của ngôi nhà

The study aims to analyze the behaviour of house buyers in response to suspicious signals of houses for sale, including a surprisingly low listing price and a lengthy listing time. The authors apply a three-stage research method based on a survey data set of 448 buyers who have just bought self-built single-family houses in Ho Chi Minh City's urban area from June 2017 to May 2018. The results of the study found that a surprisingly low listing price not only does not attract and create an auction war among buyers, but it also creates a suspicion signal for the buyer, and as a result, the house becomes harder to sell with a lower transaction price and prolong the listing time. Finally, the Cox Proportional Hazards model results show that the first listing month provides the best performance with the highest probability of sale, but when the listing time is extended, it will also cause buyer suspicion and thus decrease the saleability of the house.

CMOs의 가치평가에 관한 연구

This study empirically analyzed whether real estate policies have a significant effect on housing sales, jeonse prices, and land sales prices using MBS is not active in Korea due to difficulties in evaluation. In the appraisal of MBS, the default risk is a cost that someone has to bear even if the government agency removes it through relevant guarantees. In this study, five CMOs data are evaluated and analyzed through the financial model developed based on traditional capital budgeting theory, option pricing theory, and Cho &amp; Jun(2019)’s model recognizing that housing price fluctuation is an important factor affecting the default risk in MBS. Finally, the results drawn from this study help provide a theoretical framework for the valuation of MBS and show relevant implications for rational decision-making to MBS-related entities.

Empirical evidence of risk contagion across regional housing markets in China

This study constructed regular vine copula models to investigate risk contagion across China's regional housing markets, which has recently garnered substantial attention in academic and practical domains. We utilised the Chinese monthly price indices of new commercial housing sales from 2006 to 2019. We found that the housing markets within the three primary Chinese urban agglomerations have tail dependencies, thereby implying the tendency for these markets to experience extreme market situations together. Therefore, these housing markets share risk contagion. Furthermore, China's four first-tier cities—Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen—drive regional market risk contagion. Market risk alternately diffuses across the adjacent major housing markets and expands from these first-tier cities to their surrounding areas. These findings suggest that risk contagion should be carefully considered in developing regulation policies and making investment decisions associated with China's real estate markets.

Aspek Hukum Terhadap Perjanjian Jual-Beli Rumah Secara Kredit Kepemilikan Rumah (KPR) di Perum-Perumnas Terhadap Konsumen (Studi di Perum Perumnas)

In this era, the government pays more attention to improving people's welfare, especially low-income groups, because low-income is one of the most common jobs in Indonesia today. Subsidized Home Ownership Loans (KPR) are loans provided by banks and are part of a government program. The subsidy will depend on the level of credit or down payment. Number according to law. Presidential Decree No. 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlements, low-income communities receive home ownership support through facilitation policies and/or help build and buy houses. The formulation of the problem in this thesis is how the legal procedure for the house sale and purchase agreement with home ownership credit (KPR) at PERUM PERUMNAS and what form of settlement, if there is a default on the home sale and purchase agreement on home ownership credit (KPR) at PERUM PERUMNAS. The legal research method used is normative juridical which is descriptive. The research location was conducted at PERUM PERUMNAS MARTUBUNG PERUM-PERUMNAS MEDAN (GRIYA MARTUBUNG) Jalan Tuar Raya No. 03 Griya Martbung, (20252) Medan. The data used consists of primary and secondary data. The data was collected by the method of literature study and field study. The data that has been collected was analyzed qualitatively. The nature of the research conducted is the nature of the research with descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the author's research, what is done is the legal procedure for the home sale and purchase agreement by means of a home ownership loan (KPR) at PERUM PERUMNAS, which is carried out by a credit agreement and a form of settlement, in the event of a default on the buying and selling activities of a house on a home ownership credit (KPR). at PERUM PERUMNAS, namely conducting an auction.

Low-emission zones, modes of transport and house prices: evidence from Berlin’s commuter belt

We study the impact of a tightening of a private driving restriction in Germany’s capital, the city of Berlin, on house prices in its affluent suburbs. Using geo-referenced data on train stations, motorway access points and offers of single-family houses for sale from Germany’s leading online property broker ImmobilienScout24 in a spatially staggered DiD framework, we find evidence for sizeable price growth premia for houses located in walking distance of train stations that lie within 30 min commuting duration to Berlin main station. Property located in immediate vicinity (5 min walking distance) of train stations within 30–40 min commuting duration, however, face penalties. Our findings are of relevance for the design of public infrastructure planning policies that seek to accommodate and facilitate changes in local demands for alternative and more environmentally sustainable modes of transport induced by private driving restrictions.

The Odd One Out? The Impact of Property Uniqueness on Selling Time and Selling Price

We employ machine learning to develop measures of residential real estate uniqueness from written advertisements. These measures are exogenous from sale prices. We distinguish the effect of market uniqueness (comparing houses for sale at the same time) from the effect of universal uniqueness (comparing houses in the same sub-market) on sale prices and time on the market (TOM). The hedonic models show that a one-standard-deviation increase in market uniqueness leads to a 13% ($48,490) increase in sale prices at the cost of delaying the transaction for 1.7 days, whereas a one-standard-deviation increase in universal uniqueness leads to only an 11% ($41,030) increase in sale prices at the cost of delaying the transaction for 3 days. We validated the impact of uniqueness on TOM using two hazard models. Our results highlight the importance of uniqueness and market timing in real estate.