Beer Sales Research Articles

Impact on beer sales of removing the pint serving size: An A-B-A reversal trial in pubs, bars, and restaurants in England.

Smaller serving sizes could contribute towards reducing alcohol consumption across populations and thereby decrease the risk of 7 cancers and other diseases. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to assess the impact on beer, lager, and cider sales (hereafter, for ease, referred to just as "beer sales") of removing the largest draught serving size (1 imperial pint) from the options available in licensed premises under real-word conditions. The study was conducted between February and May 2023, in 13 licensed premises in England. It used an A-B-A reversal design, set over 3 consecutive 4-weekly periods with "A" representing the nonintervention periods during which standard serving sizes were served, and "B" representing the intervention period when the largest serving size of draught beer (1 imperial pint (568 ml)) was removed from existing ranges so that the largest size available was two-thirds of a pint. Where two-third pints were not served, the intervention included introducing this serving size in conjunction with removing the pint serving size. The primary outcome was the mean daily volume of all beer sold, including draught, bottles, and cans (in ml), extracted from electronic sales data. Secondary outcomes were mean daily volume of wine sold (ml) and daily revenue (£). Thirteen premises completed the study, 12 of which did so per protocol and were included in the primary analysis. After adjusting for prespecified covariates, the intervention resulted in a mean daily change of -2,769 ml (95% CI [-4,188, -1,578] p < 0.001) or -9.7% (95% CI [-13.5%, -6.1%] in beer sold. The daily volume of wine sold increased during the intervention period by 232 ml (95% CI [13, 487], p = 0.035) or 7.2% (95% CI [0.4%, 14.5%]). Daily revenues decreased by 5.0% (95% CI [9.6%, -0.3%], p = 0.038). Removing the largest serving size (the imperial pint) for draught beer reduced the volume of beer sold. Given the potential of this intervention to reduce alcohol consumption, it merits consideration in alcohol control policies. ISRCTN.com ISRCTN18365249.

Evaluating the impact of minimum unit pricing (MUP) on alcohol sales after 3years of implementation in Scotland: A controlled interrupted time-series study.

On 1May 2018, Scotland introduced minimum unit pricing (MUP), a strength-based floor price below which alcohol cannot be sold, throughout all alcoholic beverages. The legislation necessitates an evaluation of its impact across a range of outcomes that will inform whether MUP will continue beyond its sixth year. We measured the impact of MUP on per-adult alcohol sales (as a proxy for consumption) after 3 years of implementation. Controlled interrupted time-series regression was used to assess the impact of MUP on alcohol sales in Scotland after 3 years of implementation, with England and Wales (EW) being the control group. In adjusted analyses, we included household disposable income, on-trade alcohol sales (in off-trade analyses) and substitution between drink categories (in drink category analyses) as covariates. Weekly data were assessed on the volume of pure alcohol sold in Scotland and EW between January 2013 and May 2021, expressed as litres of pure alcohol per adult. The impact of MUP on total (on- and off-trade combined), off-trade and on-trade alcohol sales was assessed separately. The introduction of MUP in Scotland was associated with a 3.0% (95% confidence interval = 1.8-4.2%) net reduction in total alcohol sales per adult after adjustment for the best available geographical control, disposable income and substitution. This reflects a 1.1% fall in Scotland in contrast to a 2.4% increase in EW. The reduction in total alcohol sales in Scotland was driven by reduced sales of beer, spirits, cider and perry. The reduction in total sales was due to reductions in sales of alcohol through the off-trade. There was no evidence of any change in on-trade alcohol sales. Minimum unit pricing has been effective in reducing population-level alcohol sales in Scotland in the 3 years since implementation.

Forecasting the Mexican craft beer market: an integrated consumer perception conjoint analysis approach incorporating price and product attributes

PurposeThis paper aims to uncover patterns of Mexican craft beer consumers and guide companies’ decisions in the creation of new products, marketing strategies, advertising and promotion to increase craft beer sales and contribute to faster growth.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conjoint analysis with a selection of attributes for new or renewed products, marginal disposition to pay for particular characteristics through brand-specific choice-based design, and market simulation.FindingsThis paper clearly demonstrates consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay in Mexico, with a cutting-edge market research technique combining the prioritization of preferred craft beer characteristics, and the price consumers are willing to pay for such product characteristics.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's sample size of 501 responses is relatively small compared to the total number of craft beer consumers in Mexico. To enhance the validity and reliability of the findings, future studies should aim to obtain larger samples and compare their results with those of this study.Practical implicationsThis study has important implications for craft beer producers, allowing them to develop targeted craft beers with appealing attributes for Mexican consumers, such as color, aroma intensity, alcohol degree intensity, bitterness, foam level and price.Social implicationsThis study's market forecasting simulation technique is based on assumptions of consumer behavior and market dynamics. Although relevant variables were considered, unanticipated external factors or market changes could impact the forecasts' accuracy. This will allow for a more comprehensive understanding of craft beer consumer preferences in different markets and enhance the reliability of forecasting techniques.Originality/valueThis paper informs craft beer producers by providing valuable knowledge on customers’ preferences and willingness to pay to enhance craft beer companies’ product development processes.

Socio-cultural origins of beer naming in the Kirov region

Russia in its history has experienced completely different attitudes of the population towards alcohol consumption and, at times, diametrically opposite approaches of the state to its regulation: from dry laws to widespread encouragement, from the northern type of alcohol consumption (dominance of strong drinks) to the southern type (dominance of low-alcohol drinks). In this sense, today we are experiencing a unique situation: in modern Russia, beer (a low-alcohol drink) is taking the lead in the alcoholic beverage market. Beer is again becoming, in fact, a people's drink. This circumstance makes interesting and relevant the question of studying beer consumption in the historical context. How has the consumption of alcohol in the past influenced its consumption today? Is there any cultural connection between the eras? Or is today's beer culture starting from scratch? We have tried to answer these questions by studying modern beer naming.&#x0D; In this article the socio-cultural origins of modern beer names are analysed on the example of draught beer shops in the city of Kirov. The names are analysed in the context of successive major Russian historical epochs. The study was conducted using a content analysis method of three hundred and seventy beer names collected by the authors in the first half of 2023 in twenty-two beer shops in the city. Three strategies used for naming beer were identified: pre-revolutionary (these names are closely related to the names of varieties from various Western European countries), Soviet (built on the negation of the pre-revolutionary strategy, based on the development of new, unique names) and post-Soviet (modern names that do not correlate with either the pre-revolutionary or Soviet strategy). The study revealed that the most popular strategies are pre-revolutionary and post-Soviet (38 per cent each of all names considered), while the least popular is the Soviet strategy (24 per cent of all names considered). In addition, the coefficient of uniqueness of the strategy used is introduced, which allows us to understand how diverse the use of a particular strategy in sales is. It is shown that pre-revolutionary and post-Soviet beer naming strategies are most often used in beer sales, while the Soviet strategy is the least popular, which indicates the special characteristics of the beer consumer community.

The impact of introducing alcohol-free beer options in bars and public houses on alcohol sales and revenue: A randomised crossover field trial.

The study aimed to estimate the impact of introducing a draught alcohol-free beer, thereby increasing the relative availability of these products, on alcohol sales and monetary takings in bars and pubs in England. Randomised crossover field trial. England. Fourteen venues that did not previously sell draught alcohol-free beer. Venues completed two intervention periods and two control periods in a randomised order over 8weeks. Intervention periods involved replacing one draught alcoholic beer with an alcohol-free beer. Control periods operated business as usual. The primary outcome was mean weekly volume (in litres) of draught alcoholic beer sold. The secondary outcome was mean weekly revenue [in GBP (£)] from all drinks. Analyses adjusted for randomised order, special events, season and busyness. The adjusted mean difference in weekly sales of draught alcoholic beer was -20L [95% confidence interval (CI) = -41 to +0.4], equivalent to a 4% reduction (95% CI = 8% reduction to 0.1% increase) in the volume of alcoholic draught beer sold when draught alcohol-free beer was available. Excluding venues that failed at least one fidelity check resulted in an adjusted mean difference of -29L per week (95% CI = -53 to -5), equivalent to a 5% reduction (95% CI = 8% reduction to 0.8% reduction). The adjusted mean difference in weekly revenue was +61 GBP per week (95% CI = -328 to +450), equivalent to a 1% increase (95% CI = 5% decrease to 7% increase) when draught alcohol-free beer was available. Introducing a draught alcohol-free beer in bars and pubs in England reduced the volume of draught alcoholic beer sold by 4% to 5%, with no evidence of the intervention impacting net revenue.

Association between non-medical cannabis legalization and alcohol sales: Quasi-experimental evidence from Canada

BackgroundThere is increasing interest in understanding the impact of non-medical cannabis legalization on use of other substances, especially alcohol. Evidence on whether cannabis is a substitute or complement for alcohol is both mixed and limited. This study provides the first quasi-experimental evidence on the impact of Canada’s legalization of non-medical cannabis on beer and spirits sales. MethodsWe used the interrupted time series design and monthly data on beer sales between January 2012 and February 2020 and spirits sales between January 2016 and February 2020 across Canada to investigate changes in beer and spirits sales following Canada’s cannabis legalization in October 2018. We examined changes in total sales, nationally and in individual provinces, as well as changes in sales of bottled, canned and kegged beer. ResultsCanada-wide beer sales fell by 96 hectoliters per 100,000 population (p=0.011) immediately after non-medical cannabis legalization and by 4 hectoliters per 100,000 population (p>0.05) each month thereafter for an average monthly reduction of 136 hectoliters per 100,000 population (p<0.001) post-legalization. However, the legalization was associated with no change in spirits sales. Beer sales reduced in all provinces except the Atlantic provinces. By beer type, the legalization was associated with declines in sales of canned and kegged beer but there was no reduction in sales of bottled beer. ConclusionsNon-medical cannabis legalization was associated with a decline in beer sales in Canada, suggesting substitution of non-medical cannabis for beer. However, there was no change in spirits sales following the legalization.

Impact on wine sales of removing the largest serving size by the glass: An A-B-A reversal trial in 21 pubs, bars, and restaurants in England.

Interventions that alter aspects of the physical environments in which unhealthy behaviours occur have the potential to change behaviour at scale, i.e., across populations, and thereby decrease the risk of several diseases. One set of such interventions involves reducing serving sizes, which could reduce alcohol consumption. The effect of modifying the available range of serving sizes of wine in a real-world setting is unknown. We aimed to assess the impact on the volume of wine sold of removing the largest serving size by the glass from the options available in licensed premises. The study was conducted between September 2021 and May 2022 in 21 licensed premises in England that sold wine by the glass in serving sizes greater than 125 ml (i.e., 175 ml or 250 ml) and used an electronic point of sale till system. It used an A-B-A reversal design, set over 3 four-weekly periods. "A" represented the nonintervention periods during which standard serving sizes were served and "B" the intervention period when the largest serving size for a glass of wine was removed from the existing range in each establishment: 250 ml (18 premises) or 175 ml (3 premises). The primary outcome was the daily volume of wine sold, extracted from sales data. Twenty-one premises completed the study, 20 of which did so per protocol and were included in the primary analysis. After adjusting for prespecified covariates, the intervention resulted in -420·8 millilitres (ml) (95% confidence intervals (CIs) -681·4 to -160·2 p = 0·002) or -7·6% (95% CI -12·3%, -2·9%) less wine being sold per day. There was no evidence that sales of beer and cider or total daily revenues changed but the study was not powered to detect differences in these outcomes. The main study limitation is that we were unable to assess the sales of other alcoholic drinks apart from wine, beer, and cider, estimated to comprise approximately 30% of alcoholic drinks sold in participating premises. Removing the largest serving size of wine by the glass from those available reduced the volume of wine sold. This promising intervention for decreasing alcohol consumption across populations merits consideration as part of alcohol licensing regulations. ISRCTN https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN33169631; OSF https://osf.io/xkgdb.

Ensuring the price competitiveness of goods of a wholesale trade organization by optimizing logistics costs when transporting goods over long distances

The article is devoted to the study of the prospects for the influence of logistics cost optimization processes on the possibility of ensuring the price competitiveness of goods of a wholesale trading organization using the example of the sale of craft beer. Aspects of the concept of competitiveness are clarified, as well as levels and factors (price and non–price) that determine competitiveness are identified. In this study, ensuring price competitiveness is disclosed in the structure of commodity competitiveness using the example of craft beer. The problems faced by the wholesale trading company when transporting craft beer over long distances are highlighted. The negative nature of the impact of these problems on the price competitiveness and image of the supplied craft beer is revealed. As an intermediate tool for ensuring the price competitiveness of craft beer, the methodology for transporting goods over long distances is considered. The mechanism and place of the methodology in the structure of ensuring price competitiveness is highlighted. The effects of the implementation of the technique in the conditions of a wholesale trading enterprise are disclosed.

Анализ состояния и перспектив мировой пивоваренной промышленности и ее влияния на хмелеводческую отрасль

Abstract. The global brewing industry has recently undergone a series of changes, both related to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (for example, the development of online sales), and based on structural changes caused by changes in consumer demand (reduction in total consumption due to the expansion of various alternative products, growth craft breweries, increased consumption of premium beer, etc.). The authors set a purpose to explore the industry for further use of information in order to establish the impact of new trends in the brewing industry on the hop industry. Methods. The calculations were carried out using the methods of statistical analysis of data from international and Russian official Internet resources. Scientific novelty. The main consumers of hop products are brewers. Accordingly, the identification of trends in the development of the brewing industry will serve as a good information base for making decisions about the direction of development of hop-growing. Results. Taking into account the global trend of accelerated development of craft brewing (China, USA), we can make an unambiguous conclusion about the great prospects for the development of aromatic hop varieties. In China, craft beer consumption is expected to triple by 2025. In the USA, consumers also prefer beer with unique flavors to the already fed up traditional beer drinks. Transnational companies, in turn, are trying to get out of the situation by making their products cheaper. In Brazil and Mexico, the main market share is occupied by subsidiaries of the large transnational company AB InBev. The German market has stabilized for a long time, a small negative dynamics of the market volumes is caused by a large number of alternative drinks. In Russia, beer consumption per person is also decreasing. However, beer sales in value terms continue to grow (mainly due to price growth). As of the beginning of 2022, 70 % of the Russian market was accounted for by transnational companies, which are the main consumers of hop extracts, the production of which is technologically more difficult than the production of hop pellets.

Lockvogelangebote und Rabattschlachten: Der Bierverkauf des Lebensmitteleinzelhandels in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren

Abstract Previously undiscovered market studies show that the sale of beer as a loss-leader offer was already used as a competitive tool in food retailing in the 1970s and became an important feature of aggressive competition among retailers in the 1980s. The article illustrates the specific assortment and pricing policies in beer retailing and makes clear that increasing beer sales at low dumping prices led to profit losses for the stores. This highlights another facet in the development of the West German mass consumer society and the structural change in food retailing: the hallmarks of the growth and concentration process were not only the procurement and financing advantages of the large retailers, but also loss-leader offers and price undercutting in certain product groups, of which beer was demonstrably one.

In Cervisia Veritas: The impact of repealing Sunday blue laws on alcohol sales and retail competition

AbstractThis study examines the impact of repealing Sunday blue laws on alcohol sales and retail competition, focusing on Connecticut’s 2012 policy change allowing Sunday beer sales in grocery stores. Using nationwide data from 2004 to 2021, we find a short-term increase in beer sales post-policy change, but no significant long-term economic effects on grocery and liquor stores. Our analysis also shows similar treatment effects for chain and standalone liquor retailers, suggesting limited lasting implications for the liquor retail industry’s performance and conduct after Sunday sale restrictions were lifted.

Анализ взаимосвязей заболеваемости взрослого населения инсулиннезависимым сахарным диабетом и алкогольных показателей

INTRODUCTION: In the Russian Federation, since 2000, there has been a more than twofold increase in the prevalence of mellitus diabetes, mainly due to insulin-independent type 2 and higher rates in the adult population. The rise is partly due to the improvement in the screening and diagnostics organization in risk groups. A significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is assigned to behavioral risk factors, the leading of which are tobacco and alcohol consumption, irrational nutrition and low physical activity, the combination of which has potentiating or synergistic, mitigating and leveling effects. The interdependence of DM2 and obesity is indisputable, although insufficiently studied. According to the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring, the Republic of Mari El (RME) is an area of increased risk of morbidity of the adult population with DM2, while the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) is relatively prosperous. AIM: To identify common and specific territorial factors of population risk of diabetes based on the analysis results of the interconnections between the incidence of adult population with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity and the sale of alcohol through the retail network, indicators of alcohol dependence syndrome for 2005–2019 in two Russian regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis includes data from official federal and regional statistics on the incidence of adult population with DM2, obesity and alcohol dependence syndrome for 2005–2019, as well as sales of alcoholic beverages in alcohol equivalent per capita for 2000–2019 in the RT and the RME. The dynamics of the indicators were assessed by the coefficient of determination (R2) of the trend line, the statistical significance of the differences in time series according to the Mann–Whitney criterion, the relationship between the samples according to the parameters of the Spearman coefficient from year to year and with a time lag. RESULTS: In 2005–2019, the primary incidence of DM2 in the adult population of RME increased and was significantly higher than in RT in the absence of interregional differences in its prevalence. Both indicators of the obesity incidence have increased in the RT, and only the prevalence in the RME. In the RT, the effect of new cases of obesity on newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes persisted for 3 years, in the RME for 2 years. The prevalence of obesity was determined by the risk factor for the prevalence of diabetes with a lag of 8 years in RT and 9 years in the RME. During the analyzed years, the structure of retail sales of alcohol has changed in the regions: the share of vodka has decreased and the share of beer has increased. The correlation of the primary incidence of DM2 and obesity with per capita sales of vodka in alcohol equivalent was insignificant. In the RT there was a large prolongation and strength of relationship between the sales of all alcohol and beer with the prevalence of obesity, in the RME with the prevalence of DM2. Per capita vodka sales in the RT did not correlate with the prevalence of DM2 and obesity, whereas in the RME the relationship became significant with DM2 at a lag of 7 years; with obesity at a lag of 3 years. The correlation between beer sales and the prevalence of DM2 remained the longest in the REM (up to 12 years). CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study the delayed and prolonged effects of alcohol sales in the adult population are more clearly manifested in the prevalence of DM2 and obesity than their new cases with regional peculiarities of the role of various alcoholic beverages and the parameters of the correlation coefficient. In the RT sales volumes of all alcohol and beer in alcohol equivalent correlated more and longer with the overall incidence of obesity, in the RME with DM2. In addition, the RME noted a significant correlation between the prevalence of mellitus diabetes and obesity with the retail sale of vodka per capita, which was absent in the RT. Thus, priorities in regional projects to prevent and reduce the incidence of DM2 in the adult population should differ, increasing their effectiveness.

Examining the influence of tourism on beer demand in retail markets

ABSTRACT Beer is a widely consumed beverage in Spain, particularly among the large numbers of tourists that visit our coastal regions. By taking into consideration the Spanish consumption statistics provided by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, it is intended to measure the influence of tourism on beer sales, once having controlled the main factors of demand (prices, income, unemployment) and having avoided the multicollinearity between tourist frequentation and seasonality. It is concluded that tourism has a positive and significant impact on the relevant market of each region and month, as well as on the differences between the income of the local population and the one of tourists.

Examining the effects of beer excise taxation on cross-border sales in border regions of the Baltic States

ABSTRACT Cross-border alcohol shopping threatens health outcomes and tax revenue, yet offers potential jobs and investment for the Baltic border regions. Exploiting the COVID-19-induced border closures in 2020 with an event study, and several large tax changes using differences-in-differences, this paper measures beer purchases in border regions of the Baltic States. Using monthly data from the Carlsberg group, beer sales in lower tax border regions dropped sharply during the COVID-19 closures, while sales increased modestly in higher tax border areas. Evidence from tax changes in Lithuania and Estonia also suggests dramatic effects on sales in lower tax Latvian border districts.

Comprehensive Investment Value Analysis of Beer Industry Companies

Due to the introduction of numerous alternatives and consumers becoming more health concerned, beer sales have declined recently. But it is still one of people’s daily consumption. Budweiser and Heineken are global leaders in the beer sector with approximately a third of the market share. Carlsberg, Tsingtao, Snow Breweries, Asahi, and other companies have market shares that aren’t that different. The top corporations in the beer business, including Budweiser, Heineken, and Tsingtao are the specific objectives of this study. The report’s goal is to assist investors in making investment decisions by calculating the financial ratio and analyzing the performance of the company. The study found that all three companies had successful financial operations. Budweiser and Heineken are two excellent options for investors looking for a low-risk, sound investment; Tsingtao can be the first choice for investors who can accept higher risk.

Beer sales in grocery and convenience stores: a glass half-full for craft brewers?

ABSTRACT We study how regulatory changes influence the market dynamics underlying business location decisions by investigating how a 2019 law introducing full-strength beer into grocery and convenience stores in the US state of Colorado impacted craft brewers a year after implementation. A state-wide survey reveals that the new channels brought limited change to how craft breweries sell beer. Access to grocery stores advantages larger craft breweries, while smaller breweries face significant logistical barriers. Analysis of mobile phone geolocation data reveals a modest reduction in visitation to liquor stores. Results suggest that the policy change will not impair Colorado’s ability to draw craft beer investment.

Analysis and Prediction of Online Beer Sales Based on SARIMA Model

With the boom of e-commerce in China, online shopping has become the mainstream way of shopping in Chinese. To explore the impact of online shopping on beer sales, this paper uses a time series SARIMA model to analyze online beer sales data from January 2020 to September 2022 obtained from Internet platforms and predicts online beer sales from October 2022 to September 2023. This paper first introduces the current research on beer sales in China, and then briefly analyzes the current situation of the beer industry. Thirdly, based on the real data of beer online sales on the Internet platform, SARIMA model is used to forecast the sales volume of next year. The result shows that beer online sales are expected to show an upward trend, with the industry being the most competitive in June 2023, and a small sales peak both in November 2022 and January 2023 due to the e-commerce carnival. Therefore, beer online sales are significantly affected by seasonality and platform promotions.

No Beer No Friends: Quantifying the Effect of the Beer Boycott*

We study the impact of the boycott on Japanese products, initiated in July, 2019, in the Korean beer market. First, sales of japanese beer decreased by more than 70 percent during the 14‐month boycott period in the data. Second, the decrease in Japanese beer sales mostly reflected an increase in domestic beer sales. Lastly, the intensity of the boycott's effect has remained strong and stable despite a substantial decrease in traditional media coverage since the outbreak of the boycott movement. Our empirical findings suggest that political tensions can change market outcomes and negatively affect international trade for an extended period.

Product sales and unintentional name association with the coronavirus pandemic

AbstractCorona beer inadvertently shares part of its name with the cause of the COVID‐19 pandemic, known as the coronavirus. Using Nielsen data of the U.S. beer retail purchases, we treat the pandemic as a natural experiment to test the effect of negative name association on Corona beer sales. Results reveal that each confirmed case of COVID‐19 led to a $5.3 increase in weekly Corona beer sales compared with the other major beer brands. Results suggest heterogeneous impacts of the pandemic on producers of different sizes. Analysis using synthetic control and various identification strategies for the pandemic corroborates the main conclusion.

Tax Regulation of the Brewing Industry in Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century

Introduction. In article influence of the excise taxation on development of the brewing industry and business during early industrial changes of Russia in the first half of the 19th century is investigated. Direct dependence of brewing production on the size of excises duties: low profitability and an inefficiency of plants were caused both high rates of an excise, and ways of its collection. Results and Discussion. The abolition of farming and the transition to state-owned sales since 1819 had a positive impact on the brewing industry. This was the period of the rise of brewing, the formation of the national brewing industry in the form of a manufactory. The return in 1827 to farming again led to the restriction of the beer trade and, ultimately, to a reduction in the volume of the brewing industry. In order to further increase income in 1847, excise-farm commission was introduced, combining the methods of state-owned and farmed-out sale of vodka and beer. After the introduction of the excise commission, private brewing began to decline significantly. The characteristic features of the regional brewing industry were the widespread use of manual labor, low productivity and the predominance of small enterprises. Conclusion. In the first half of the 19th century in Russia brewing, in terms of the volume of production and consumption of beer, and state revenues, was by no means as important as the distillery industry. The low profitability and inefficiency of small and medium-sized plants were due to both high excise rates and the methods of its collection.