Salary Payments Research Articles

Соціально-економічні та соціокультурні трансформації в подільському селі в 1950–1960-х рр. (на матеріалах села Мельниківець)

Метою статті є, на прикладі конкретного мікроісторичного дослідження, обгрунтувати соціально-економічні та соціокультурні трансформації в подільському селі у 1950 – 1960-х рр. Методологія дослідження включає як спеціально-історичні, так і міждисциплінарні методи. Серед спеціальних методів слід вказати передусім на метод історіографічного аналізу, завдяки якому розкрито стан наукового вивчення проблеми. Проблемно-хронологічний метод дозволив поділити досліджувану тему на вузькі проблеми та розглянути їх в хронологічному порядку. Порівняльні спекти трансформацій в подільському селі в повоєнний період виконані в контексті порівняльно-історичного методу. Наукова новизна визначається тим, що означена тема не була предметом спеціального наукового дослідження, а також спробою автора розкрити проблему на матеріалах конкретного мікроісторичного дослідження. Висновки. Смерть вождя та зміна політичного керівництва поклали край сталінській аграрній політиці, що базувалася на адміністративному позаекономічному примусі, ігноруванні основних економічних законів та цілеспрямованому постійному викачуванні матеріальних ресурсів із сільського господарства. Реформи аграрного сектору першої половини 1950-х рр., які були покликані зменшити командно-адміністративний вплив на керівництво колгоспів та збільшити ініціативи останніх щодо масштабів планування та вирощення продукції, в цілому сприяли піднесенню сільського господарства та деякому покращенню становища колгоспного селянства на Поділлі. Зростання врожайності зернових дало змогу не лише активізувати розвиток тваринницької галузі та придбати необхідну сільськогосподарську техніку, але й акумулювати певну частку грошей на виплату зарплат колгоспникам. В той же час, політика укрупнення колгоспів не тільки не призвела до корінних змін в організації та технології виробництва, але й мала довгострокові руйнівні наслідки. Об’єднані господарства ставали малокерованими, колгоспники – більш відчуженими один від одного. Спостерігалося звуження елементів колгоспної демократії та відчуження селянства від землі. Певні успіхи колгоспного будівництва та деяке покращення матеріального добробуту селян не позначилися на поліпшенні культурно-освітньої сфери подільського села. Сільські школи та клуби, що розглядалися як центри впровадження в селянське середовище комуністичної ідеології і моралі та були покликані змінити світогляд і вплинути на духовне життя селянства, тривалий час перебували у непридатних приміщеннях, які не відповідали санітарно-гігієнічним нормам. Будівництво нових освітніх та культурних установ держава пропонувала здійснювати за кошти колгоспів або ж самих селян. Нерідко селяни скаржились на недостатній рівень медичного обслуговування. Фельдшерсько-акушерські пункти знаходились у непристосованих приміщеннях, бракувало досвідчених фахівців, виділених коштів не вистачало на закупівлю медикаментів. В другій половині 1960-х рр. було активізовано роботу із розбудови інфраструктури та благоустрою подільського села. Однак, через відсутність державних дотацій, успіхи були незначними. Переважна частина населених пунктів не мали доріг із твердим покриттям. Будинки сільських мешканців тривалий час залишалися неелектрифікованими. Забезпечення селян продовольчими та промисловими товарами здійснювалось за залишковим принципом. Спроби ж селян покинути село і виїхати до міста не мали успіху, оскільки колгосп не був зацікавлений у втраті робочої сили.

The Power of the People: Everyday Resistance and Dissent in the Making of Modern Turkey, 1923–38 by Murat Metinsoy

<i>The Power of the People: Everyday Resistance and Dissent in the Making of Modern Turkey, 1923–38</i> by Murat Metinsoy

INCULCATING BASIC CATERING TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE RETIREMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN OWERRI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF IMO STATE

This paper examined the need to inculcate basic Catering Techniques for Sustainable Retirement among Secondary School Teachers in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. Generally, it has been observed that secondary school teachers retire to become impoverished the most due to lack of prior acquisition of basic skill to move on with life after retirement. However, considering the devastating effect of Covid-19 pandemic on the living standard of the people across the world, retirees especially those with little or no assistance from family members and government usually fall prey to sickness arising from blood pressure or other health challenges due to nothing to fall back on. Catering techniques needed for the retirees after their retirements were listed in the paper. The intention of this study is to prepare them with catering services techniques so as to equip them meaningfully with the basic knowledge and skill to sustain their living after retirement from active working age. Different catering services were highlighted for the benefit of the Retirees. The paper concludes that, increasing rate of unemployment in Nigeria, and the lingering nature of irregular payment of salaries and retirement benefits, an effective training in the major areas of Home Science (basic catering techniques) will ensure functional and productive life for individuals towards national development. The paper therefore, recommends that the federal Government through her ministry of education should sensitize the public through mass media, seminars, and workshops on the benefit of acquiring basic catering techniques.

Analisis Kontribusi Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Islam dalam Perkembangan Bank Syariah di Kota Medan

This article aims to analyze the contribution of Islamic higher education institutions in the development of Islamic banks in Medan City. The development of Islamic banks over the past five years can be seen in the financial reports which have increased but not accompanied by an increase in the market share of Islamic banks and are still lagging behind other Muslim-majority countries. Islamic higher education institutions which are educational institutions required to contribute to the development of Islamic banks. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study show that Islamic tertiary institutions, namely UINSU and UMSU, have contributed to the development of Islamic banks in the city of Medan by: increasing the number of customers, providing human resources and increasing cooperation networks, these contributions show that UINSU and UMSU have made various efforts to help development of sharia banks in the form of cooperation, namely: Payment of student tuition fees, payment of lecturer salaries and allowances, apprenticeships for students and opening of mini-banks within universities.

Mobile Banking Financial Solution for Blockchain-Powered Agri-Food Supply Chain (ASC)

Agri-food supply chain (ASC) financial flow is a very essential. Most blockchain and IoT-based ASC models advise using blockchain-based currency like Ethereum to make a seamless process. Few countries, including India, Bangladesh and others, do not allow blockchain-based crypto currency exchange. A secure and tamper-free record of financial transactions between ASC stakeholders requires alternative money flow management. Financial inclusion is the practice of providing vulnerable groups, such as low-income and weaker sectors, with cheap access to financial services and loans when needed. 62% of Bangladesh's population lives in rural areas, and most don't have bank accounts. Untapped market for commercial banks. Due to costs and legal restrictions, building bank branches in rural Bangladesh is not a viable option. Since 2011, commercial banks have tried to incorporate unbanked persons in official financial channels via Mobile Financial Services (MFS). The best solution is branchless banking. Branchless banking has enormous potential to bring financial services to poor individuals not served by typical bank branch networks; it cuts delivery costs, including costs to banks of creating and maintaining a delivery channel and to clients of accessing services, e.g., travel or queue up periods. Mobile Financial Services (MFS) is a way to provide financial services that integrates banking with mobile wireless networks to enable banking transactions. This implies depositing, withdrawing, sending, and receiving money from a mobile account. Bank agents facilitate these services by allowing mobile account holders to transact outside of bank premises. It allows millions more people to use the official financial system beyond bank branches and ATMs. Bangladesh Bank intends to produce an economically sustainable, safe MFS market. Almost everyone in Bangladesh has Bkash, Nagad, Rocket, etc. on their phone. Digital wage disbursement solutions like bKash have reduced cash handling for several garments’ companies in Bangladesh. Mobile banking creates a transection ID with all relevant information for every transfer and salary payment, comparable to blockchain's tamper-proof hash algorithm. Instead of crypto cash, we advise integrating mobile banking transection ID with blockchain smart contract. The following Figure illustrates a potential ASC model with blockchain-powered non-cryptocurrency based financial solution.

Application of Full Automation as an Additional Tool for Effective Payment of Salaries of Civil Servants of Federal Government of Nigeria

Automated systems can easily achieve significantly superior performance in terms of power, precision and speed of operation. It involves the conversion of a work process, a procedure, or equipment to automatic rather than human operation or control which premised on a deep re-organization of the work process, during which both the human and the machine functions are redefined. Early automation relied on mechanical and electromechanical control devices; however, the computer gradually became the leading vehicle of automation which is usually associated with computerization, digitization and digitalization. Automation has found itself to be a very important tool in the all sectors of life. This thesis is therefore focused majorly on the application of system automation as an additional tool for the payment purposes. It also provides a web based solution for account details verification to ensure 100% payment. Keywords: Automation, Payment, Salaries, Civil Servants, Web-based Solutions, Nigeria

4 - Introduction du salariat dans les modes de production au Gabon

The notion of salary, unknown to the traditional Gabonese production systems that were based on a system of community work and on social equilibrium, has been introduced by colonisation. Although the rhythm of work in traditional society is very intense, it is not functioning in terms of clock time, rather in terms of biological clock. That is the reason why the indigenes are accused of laziness.The advent of hard labour has been motivated by colonisers' will to compel the Negro to execute community work for Europe. In 1903, the payment of salary has been regulated through a decree dated May 11, and from then on, each village's chief, on behalf of his citizens, signs a work contract. At the same time a workbook is drawn up for each employee.With these first forms of wages appear the pioneers of the working class who are evolving in the wood industry in Gabon.

Teachers' Job Satisfaction: A Study of Private Schools in Kanakai Municipality

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the determinants that affect private schoolteachers' job satisfaction. This study was conducted at three private schools of Surunga in Kanakai Municipality. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire and unstructured interviews of private schools' teachers. The findings of the study revealed that some participant teachers in Surunga perceived teaching as their ideal profession but most of them were engaged in the teaching profession because of the prevalence of private schools in their neighborhoods and lack of employment alternatives. Also, teachers report dissatisfaction about delays in salary payment and most of the teachers are also dissatisfied with available job benefits and security in their chosen profession. The findings suggest that school administrators need to address these important issues, especially regarding equitable payment, on-time salary payment, improved workplace conditions, job security, fair reward system to enhance job satisfaction amongst their employees and increase their physical and mental attachment to the workplace.

Pengendalian Internal Meminimalisir Financial Statement Fraud Melalui Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penggajian di RSU Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the application of the payroll accounting information system at the Muhammadiyah Ponorogo General Hospital, and how the system supports internal control efforts in the company. The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative, using interview, documentation, and observation techniques. The results of the study explain the findings in the field related to the payroll accounting information system, showing that there is a separation of duties in the organizational structure that is responsible for managing employee finances, namely the SDI sub-section (my source is human), the accounting sub-section, and the treasury sub-section. The SDI subdivision (my source is human), is responsible for recording employee attendance using a finger print, as well as recapitulating employee attendance every month to make a list of employee salaries, then submitting the accounting subdivision. The accounting subdivision is responsible for making records relating to salary payments such as salary payables and tax payables, as well as re-examining the payroll made by the SDI section and issuing orders for spending money and forwarded to the treasury subsection for payroll payments and recording money out . The treasury subdivision is responsible for paying employee salaries through the bank by transferring money directly to each employee's account, as well as providing proof of transfer to the accounting subdivision to record outgoing money through the recording system. So the payroll accounting information system at the Ponorogo Muhammadiyah General Hospital shows that it supports internal control efforts that are quite good, there is a clear separation of duties in the organizational structure responsible for managing finances. Expected to be able to compile financial reports that can be accounted for to stakeholders, carry out salary payments on time and can minimize financial statement fraud.

PENERAPAN AKAD IJARAH DALAM PRODUK PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH

All kind of business that e person runs will not escape the Ijaroh (lease) contranc. The aplication of the Ijarah contract in business matters in the form of renting land, buildings,sevices, and others.In busness matters,problems often arise in Ijarah contract, as well as in Islamic Banks.Responding this problems, this journal specifically provides solution and information in the form of understanding Ijarah contract carried out by Islamic banks.With the diskriptive analisys menthode, this study explains the concept of the Ijarah contranct in the form of the nation of Ijarah,legal basis,harmony and requirement,various kinds of ijarah, payment of salaries and rent, cancellation and expiration of ijaroh contranc to islamic bank product.

Factors influencing work-satisfaction of global garments supply chain workers in Bangladesh

The purpose of this study is to assess different factors under the Bangladesh labour legislation for promoting work-satisfaction of the global garment workers in Bangladesh. A convenient sampling technique was used for collecting 208 employee responses through a five-point Likert scale structured questionnaire. The respondents were garments-manufacturing industry workers working in three hot spots known as towns of Savar and Ashulia (Dhaka District) and Gazipur Sadar (Gazipur District). The survey was conducted between November and December, 2019. This research study finds that seven factors significantly influence work-satisfaction of garment workers in Bangladesh. Among these, four are related to the non-pecuniary factors: supervisory treatment of the workers, working environment, hygienic canteen facility, and medical facility. The three other factors, namely, the amount of salary, timely payment of salary and increment policy for the workers, play a significant part in workers’ satisfaction. This study helps in assessing the opinions of the workers about their work-satisfaction as well as policy planning for the development of the garments-manufacturing industry. Also, this study will add value to the setting of South Asian developing countries and industries because of the similar socio-economic environment to Bangladesh.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENGHAMBAT PENERBITAN SURAT KETERANGAN PENGHENTIAN PEMBAYARAN GAJI BAGI PENSIUNAN APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA

This study aims to determine the factors inhibiting the issuance of a Certificate of Termination of Salary Payments for retired State Civil Apparatus at the Gorontalo City Finance Agency. The focus of this research is the filing process, coordination, and human resources. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews with a number of informants, observation and recording of secondary data related to research problems. The results of the study concluded that the SKPP Salary filing process by retired ASNs was not optimal. This can be seen from the incomplete file submitted by retired ASN which is not in accordance with the provisions and applicable laws and regulations. Coordination among related agencies in the issuance of SKPP Salary has not been optimal. This can be seen from the discrepancy in employee data such as rank, class, and the amount of basic salary between the relevant agencies, namely the institution of origin of the retired ASN and the Gorontalo City BKD. Human resources that carry out the process of issuing SKPP Salary are not sufficient. This can be seen from the slow process of issuing the Salary SKPP due to the minimal number of ASN who have expertise in managing financial administration and the large number of employees who are still honorary status and have never attended Bimtek. It is recommended that a comprehensive effort is needed in the issuance of SKPP payments for ASN Retired Salaries by submitting correct and complete files or data, always communicating with relevant agencies and adding and improving the quality of staff or special officers in terms of financial administration management.

Analisis Sistem Pengendalian Intern Atas Pembayaran Gaji dan Upah pada Pt. Perkebunan Nusantara XII

This study aims to determine the analysis of the internal control system for the payment of salaries and wages. The type of research conducted is descriptive method, this research uses qualitative. Sources of primary data in this study in the form of interviews from the parties concerned at PT. Nusantara XII Plantation Surabaya. The results showed that PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XII did not experience problems with the salary and wage payment system. This is evidenced by the division of tasks for each section and also a healthy practice. The implementation of the internal control system for payment of salaries and wages has been going very well, where in its application there are incentives for company policies to achieve goals and all employees are required to comply and there are sanctions for employees who do not comply.&#x0D; Keywords: analysis of internal control systems, payment of salaries and wages

Pengaruh Prosedur Pembayaran Gaji PNS terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah pada Bank Mandiri Taspen Kantor Cabang Ujung Berung

&#x0D; &#x0D; This study is to find out the effect of salary payment procedures on customer satisfaction at Bank Mandiri Taspen Ujung Berung. By using quantitative methods descriptive approach with data collection as well as observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The population taken is customers at Bank Mantap itself in the city of Bandung, the sample taken is 95 respondents. Primary data was obtained using a questionnaire and processed using SPSS V.24 software for windows. T test results with the value of the regression line equation Y' = 62.586 + 0.064X and the correlation test results are 0.048. For the test results, the coefficient of determination of the test found the calculated F value of 0.212 with Sig. of 0.000. Therefore the value of sig. &lt; 0.05 then Ho is rejected, which means that there is an effect of the PNS pension payment procedure on customer satisfaction. Problems in online services are not optimal, so it is necessary to increase employee understanding and skills in providing online services. &#x0D; Keywords: Procedure, Payment, Customer Satisfaction

Implementation of the Non-Cash Payment System Policy A Civil Servant in The Pandemic Era at Manado State University

A cash transaction system for paying the salaries of lecturers and employees can also cause several problems. In distributing money, the treasurer still must spend money in the bank and disburse funds to lecturers and employees. Withdrawing such large amounts of funds can pose a risk of robbery or theft on the way to the office. The length of the distribution process will cause a buildup of money in the safe that has not been channeled to the recipient. The destination study is to describe how the implementation of the non-Cash transaction system for payment of salaries of lecturers and employees at the Manado State University. This article also explains the obstacles faced in implementing the non-Cash transaction system for the number of honorariums for Lecturers and Employees at Manado State University. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Qualitative research in this study collects data and information about phenomena and conditions closely related to the problem to be studied. The data collection process is obtained through interviews, documentation, and observations. The data analysis technique in this research is using data triangulation. The analysis consists of three activities: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. Discussion results show that the implementation of non-cash transactions for payment of honoraria at Manado State University still needs to be carefully prepared again. Implementing non-cash transactions for payment of honorarium for lecturers and employees at Manado State University, there is a mechanism in its implementation.

«Bread Poverty» as a Factor of Destabilization in the Olonets «New Order» Regiments in the 1660s

The article examines the problems of the food supply system of the Russian army during the Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667. An attempt is made to reveal the degree of dependence of the increased scale of desertion among soldiers in the Olo-&#x0D; nets «new order» regiments from the supply crisis of the early 1660s. The study applies a historical and genetic method, as well asa comparative method. The author argues that the maximum aggravation of relations between soldiers and the command in 1662 was largely due to the negative consequences of the monetary reform of the middle of the 17th century and the late payment of bread and monetary salaries. Moreover, inconsistent government policy on the soldiers of OlonetskyUyezd&#x0D; provoked a sharp increase in the number of soldiers desertingfrom the army. The measures taken by the authorities to suppress the impoverishment of the soldiers&#x0D; came to failure. The fight against desertion took various forms, but it was also not possible to stop desertion from the regiments.

Application of Artificial Intelligence As An Additional Tool For Effective Payment Of Salaries Of Civil Servants Of Federal Government Of Nigeria

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of science which deals with helping machines finds solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion. This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way. The mechanics of AI technology majorly revolves around central affairs including knowledge representation, learning, problem-solving, reasoning, etc. AI has evolved drastically over the past two decades and is considered the most in-demand emerging technologies at present times in varied fields including finance, healthcare, education, forecasting, security, robotics, fashions industries, production plants, manufacturing industries, Automobile production, Gaming, Social Media etc. This paper provides basic information on Artificial Intelligence and its application as an additional tool for effective payment of salaries of Civil Servants of Federal Government of Nigeria. It will attempt to critically analyse the present status of the process of payment of salary to Civil Servant in Nigeria with a view to identify possible area(s) where Artificial Intelligence can be applied as an additional tool as well as propose appropriate machine learning algorithms to be implemented. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Payment, Salaries, Civil Servants, Federal Government Of Nigeria

Antecedents of Intrapreneurship with Mediating Effect of Career Adaptability: A Study from Pakistan

Purpose: The study emphasized on exploring the antecedes of intrapreneurship by testing the career construction theory and perceived personality study from the context of Pakistan’s private sector universities.&#x0D; Design/Methodology/Approach: A Total of 270 male and female academicians working in private sector universities had participated in this cross-sectional research study. The survey questionnaire was adopted from different authentic sources and evaluated for validity and reliability. MPlus software has been used for statistical findings.&#x0D; Findings: It has been estimated statistically that career adaptability overall mediates between the relationship of perceived personality traits and Intrapreneurship.&#x0D; Implications/Originality/Value: It might be established that all the public/private sector universities might follow almost the same policies and laws but there are some differences like payment of salaries / remuneration of the faculty members working in government sector universities and private sector universities of Punjab, Pakistan. The study highlighted such issues of personality directly and indirectly with career adaptability and intrapreneurship.

English

The study assessed measures in curbing casualisation of labour in financial institutions with a specific study of banks in Sokoto metropolis. The exploitative nature of most commercial banks in Sokoto reflects on the working condition of most casual staff in these banks as payment is not commensurable to the work done. While the casual staff is being deprived of certain social benefits, allowances and social security of jobs, such exploitation necessitated the need for stratifying measures in curbing casualization of labour for equal status of staff in the banking industry. The study was exploratory and employed a qualitative research design; 60 participants (casual staff and bank managers) were selected for the interview sessions. The study found that Business Solution Firms (BSFs) were the major agents in the exploitation of casual workers in commercial banks in Nigeria. In proffering solution for achieving the targeted objectives, the study recommended that there is a need for concerned individuals, labour ministry or lawmakers to legislate laws (where absent) or ensure strict compliance with existing labour laws (if available) regulating recruitment, salary payment, promotion or regularization as well as retrenchment of casual workers in the financial institutions, and erring banks should be properly sanctioned. Furthermore, unionization was strongly recommended as a move towards negotiating the rights of casual staff. &nbsp; Key words: Bank, casualisation, contract staff, exploitation, labour laws.

Factors Affecting Workplace Well-Being: Building Construction Projects

This study explores the factors affecting workplace well-being in building construction projects. The objectives of this study are (1) to investigate the critical factors for workplace well-being in building construction projects, (2) to compare the critical factors between large enterprises (LEs) and small-medium enterprises (SMEs), and (3) to compare the critical factors between high-rise building construction projects and non-high-rise building construction projects. Data from 21 semi-structured interviews with construction industry professionals in Malaysia and a systematic literature review were used to develop a potential list of factors. Then, the factors were used to create a survey that was distributed to industry professionals. Data from 205 valid responses were analyzed using mean score ranking, normalization, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and overlap analysis. Fourteen critical factors were determined, including salary package, working hours, project progress, planning of the project, workers’ welfare, relationship between top management and employees, timeline of salary payment, working environment, employee work monitoring, communication between workers, insurance for construction worker, general safety and health monitoring, collaboration between top management and employee, and project leadership. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying the critical factors for improving workplace well-being. The study findings allow researchers and practitioners to develop strategies to promote workplace well-being in building construction projects.