Sakarya Province Research Articles

Oral History Attitude Scale (OHAS) Validity and Reliability Study

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable Oral History Attitude Scale. The 25-item trial form created under the supervision of an expert opinion was applied to 714 elementary school third and fourth grade students, 345 female and 369 male students in Sakarya province. Then the obtained data were analyzed. As a result of the Explicit Factor Analysis (AFA), a structure consisting of two dimensions, which are named "individual" and "social", and a total of 15 items have been found out. It has been determined that the model's goodness of fit indexes is quite high. Validation Factor Analysis also confirms AFA results. It was determined that the reliability coefficient of the scale was .76, the split-half half reliability was .74, the test-retest reliability coefficient was .91, and all the differences between the averages of the 27% upper and lower groups were significant. In the study, it was concluded that the scale can be perfectly used as a valid and reliable instrument in research to determine the attitudes of primary school students towards oral history.

On the relationship between the occurrence of ostracod species and elevation in Sakarya province, Turkey

On the relationship between the occurrence of ostracod species and elevation in Sakarya province, Turkey

Kazıklı İksa Sistemi ile Şev Duraylılığının Sağlanması

This article describes a piled retaining system, which was used to ensure the safety of a slope. There is a frequently used road and a house on the slope and the stability of the slope is under threat after every heavy rainfall. The piled system was used to prevent landslides, which have occurred on the road, in the south-western slopes of the Kanlıçay Location, in Karapürçek County, Sakarya Province. Soil mass, which has been moving at different times, is approximately 35-40 meters wide and 60-65 meters long. Three rotary drillings, having a total depth of 29.5 m, were carried out in the study area. Physical and mechanical tests were conducted on the samples taken from borings for the landslide investigation. As a result of investigations, it has been found that the landslide occurred because of the increase in pore pressures. The results of the slope stability analysis showed that the road and houses can be protected by using a cantilever retaining wall, which is settled on the piled system.

Sensitization Prevalence of Children with Allergic Rhinitis for Inhalant and Food Allergens in the Province of Sakarya, Turkey

Sensitization Prevalence of Children with Allergic Rhinitis for Inhalant and Food Allergens in the Province of Sakarya, Turkey

Socioeconomic structure and analysis of the demand for wood raw materials in the poplar wood-processing companies of the Sakarya and Kocaeli provinces in Turkey

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the socioeconomic structure and factors affecting the demand for raw materials of the poplar wood-processing industrial companies within 11 districts of the Sakarya and Kocaeli provinces. A face-to-face survey was conducted in 53 current companies. The data were evaluated using percentage methods and the Kruskal–Wallis H-Test. The data on the raw material demand of the companies were also evaluated using statistical (factor and regression) analyses. The most important factors affecting the structure of the demand for raw materials were determined as follows: (a) the scale or size of company, (b) the demand level for products, (c) production form of the company, (d) price of raw materials, (e) external environmental conditions, (f) raw material types and features, (g) seasons, and (h) the procurement conditions for raw materials. Also, the variables influencing the change in the raw material demand were determined to be: (a) the principle activity area of the company, (b) its amount of capital, (c) the price of raw materials, and (d) the production as well as profit levels of the company. Economic, technical, and managerial proposals were developed to advise the companies on how to operate more efficiently and profitably.

Sources of Stress for Teachers Working in Private Elementary Schools and Methods of Coping with Stress

The aim of this study is to determine the sources of stress for classroom teacher and branch teachers working in private elementary schools and methods that are used by them in order to cope with the stress. In this research, qualitative and quantitative methods have been used jointly. The group consisted of 258 private elementary school teachers working in Sakarya in 2015-2016 educational year. The study group of qualitative research consisted of 25 teachers working in private elementary schools in Sakarya province. The data collection tool for quantitative research is 'The scale of determining organizational stress sources and methods of coping with stress' that is developed by Dogan[11]. The analysis has been done through SPSS 23 for Windows; standard deviation mean, variance analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test and the U test of Mann Whitney have been used. The data collection tool for quantitative study is the semi-structured interview form prepared by the researchers. To analyze the data, techniques of content analysis and descriptive analysis have been used. According to findings obtained from quantitative data, reasons of stress for teachers are originated from school administration, the teaching profession and school facilities. According to findings obtained from qualitative data, issues that teachers are experiencing stress had been determined as; inadequacy of resources, constant supervision, the boredom and exhaustion of the profession, competition and ambition, irresponsible/problematic behaviors of students, high demands and expectations and not being able to spare time for themselves and etc. According to findings acquired both from qualitative and quantitative data, methods of coping with stress for teachers are; looking at things from positive side, spending time with beloved ones and creating an environment to spend time with them.

Year Ahead Demand Forecast of City Natural Gas Using Seasonal Time Series Methods

Consumption of natural gas, a major clean energy source, increases as energy demand increases. We studied specifically the Turkish natural gas market. Turkey’s natural gas consumption increased as well in parallel with the world‘s over the last decade. This consumption growth in Turkey has led to the formation of a market structure for the natural gas industry. This significant increase requires additional investments since a rise in consumption capacity is expected. One of the reasons for the consumption increase is the user-based natural gas consumption influence. This effect yields imbalances in demand forecasts and if the error rates are out of bounds, penalties may occur. In this paper, three univariate statistical methods, which have not been previously investigated for mid-term year-ahead monthly natural gas forecasting, are used to forecast natural gas demand in Turkey’s Sakarya province. Residential and low-consumption commercial data is used, which may contain seasonality. The goal of this paper is minimizing more or less gas tractions on mid-term consumption while improving the accuracy of demand forecasting. In forecasting models, seasonality and single variable impacts reinforce forecasts. This paper studies time series decomposition, Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) methods. Here, 2011–2014 monthly data were prepared and divided into two series. The first series is 2011–2013 monthly data used for finding seasonal effects and model requirements. The second series is 2014 monthly data used for forecasting. For the ARIMA method, a stationary series was prepared and transformation process prior to forecasting was done. Forecasting results confirmed that as the computation complexity of the model increases, forecasting accuracy increases with lower error rates. Also, forecasting errors and the coefficients of determination values give more consistent results. Consequently, when there is only consumption data in hand, all methods provide satisfying results and the differences between each method is very low. If a statistical software tool is not used, time series decomposition, the most primitive method, or Winters exponential smoothing requiring little mathematical knowledge for natural gas demand forecasting can be used with spreadsheet software. A statistical software tool containing ARIMA will obtain the best results.

Identification of expectations and encountered problems of the middle-school students participating in the sports activities

In healthy societies, physical education and sport activities carry important roles in raising individuals. Previous scientific researches point out that physical activity is very important in the development process of the children. Therefore, children need to be supported in joining planned and systematic physical education and sport activities in both family and school life, beginning at very young ages. Every possibility should be offered to the children for performing sport activities healthily in the habitat while also taking precautions.The purpose of the study is to identify the expectations of the middle-school students and the problems they encounter when attending sport activities in their family and school lives. The data was collected through a survey developed by the researchers. A descriptive method with the aim of revealing the current situation was used in the study. The population of this study consisted of 2500 students, studying in the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades of the middle-school. Two middle schools from the schools within the Sakarya province were selected through a random selection method. The survey was applied to a total amount of 400 volunteer students that were selected as the sample group and studied in these schools. The SPSS 15.0 for Windows software was used for the data analysis. Frequency analysis was used in order to determine the quantity and percentage distributions of the demographic information of the participants. On the other hand, chi-square analysis was used for the comparison of the problems and expectations related to family and school life in regards to the demographic variables. The level of significance in the chi-square analysis was specified as p<0,05.As a result of the study, in relation to the family and school life, the male students were found to have more problems and expectations regarding the participation in physical education and sport activities, when compared to female students. In addition to this, the students who participated in physical education and sport activities regularly seemed to have bigger expectations and more problems with their families.The problems and expectations of participating students regarding the family and school life were identified and suggestions for possible solutions were presented. The study is hoped to be beneficial for the field.

Problems Encountered by Religious Vocational Secondary School and Other Secondary School Students in Physical Education and Sports Activities

The study aimed to determine problems encountered by Religious Vocational Secondary School and other Secondary School students in physical education and sports and to compare these problems according to school type and gender. A questionnaire named Problems encountered in attending to physical education and sports activities developed by the researchers was applied. A Religious Vocational Secondary School selected with random method in Sakarya Province and a Secondary School selected from other Secondary Schools was determined for the research. Questionnaire form was applied to 400 volunteer students in total. Frequency analysis and Chi-square analysis were used. It was found out that male students encountered with more problems than female students regarding their school lives, organizations and institutions and families. Moreover, problems regarding school lives in Religious Vocational Secondary School and other Secondary School students had similarities; however, problems regarding organizations and institutions as well as families were experienced more frequently in other Secondary Students than Religious Vocational Secondary School students. In conclusion, male students and other Secondary School students experience problems in every field and they express these problems more frequently as they attend physical education and sports more than female students and Religious Vocational Secondary School s tudents do.

Analysis on math success of secondary school students playing and not playing chess (Sakarya province sample)

The aim of this research is to analyze the contribution of the secondary level chess in the success of math lesson by comparing end-year math scores of the secondary school students playing and not playing chess. The research is a relational screening model and the research data are composed of end-year math scores in promotion sheets of the students. Thereby, the research group is composed of totally 274 students - 200 males and 74 females - studying at 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades in 5 secondary schools selected from the central districts of the city of Sakarya at the end of 2014-2015 school years. SPSS 22.0 statistical software package was used and the significance level was taken as p< 0.05. The obtained data was handled within the scope of descriptive and inferential statistics, and t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. A significant difference was found out between the end-year math scores of the students playing and not playing chess in favor of the playing ones. No significant difference was found between the end-year math scores of the students playing chess in relation to their genders and grades.

Technical Performance and Cost Analysis of Broiler Production in Turkey

In this study, the live performance and costs of broiler production was examined and cost analysis were assessed in the Balikesir, Bolu and Sakarya Provinces, which are the most important broiler-producing regions of Turkey. Annual (years 2012-2013) production data of 125 broiler farms were analyzed. Farms were scaled according to the irrearing capacities as small (1-10,000 broilers), medium (10,001-30,000) and large (30,001 and above). Cost and performance differences among farm scales and research centers were tested by one-way analysis of variance. Average live weight (LW), livability (LA), slaughter age (SA), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and production efficiency factor (PEF) values were calculated as 2.436 ± 0.006 kg; 93.502 ± 0.133%; 42.293 ± 0.079 days; 1.805 ± 0.004 kg; 298.802 ± 1.298, respectively. Feed and chicks accounted for 80.3% of the total cost per kg live weight (TLWC). There were no statistical differences among farm scales and provinces in terms of technical indicators and production performance (p>0.05). Farm size affected the TLWC (p<0.05). The results showed that broiler production in Turkey achieved similar performance levels as the main global broiler-producing countries; however, the cost of producing 1 kg live weight is 13%-60%more expensive in Turkey.

Sensitization Prevalence of Asthmatic Children to Airborne and Food Allergens in Sakarya Province of Turkey

cat/dog; mold allergy: Alternaria/Cladosporium; grass pollen allergy: meadow fescue, nettle, mugwort, fathen, weed mix, cereal mix and grass mix; tree pollen allergy: cypress, ash, pine and olive; for food allergy testing: cow’s milk, egg, peanut, hazelnut and fish extracts were utilized. Skin prick test evaluation criteria are as follows: Histamine response (as positive control) and equal positive response to histamine were accepted as (3+). 3+ responses to any allergen extract is assumed to be significant sensitization. Results: In overall; 864/1311 (65.9%) children showed ≥ (3) response. According to 864 patients’ evaluation: there were ≥ (3) sensitizations to pollen groups (349/864: 40%); mites group (332/864: 38.4%); grasses (277/864: 32%); trees (72/864: 8.3%); molds (75/864: 8.6%); animals (49/864: 5.7%) and foods (59/864: 6.8%). In patients allergic to grass pollens: there were ≥ (3) sensitizations to English plantain (23%), grassen (23%), meadow (19%), nettle (24%) and mugwort (10%). In children allergic to tree pollens: there were ≥ (3) sensitizations to pine (39%), olive (38%), ash (16%) and cypress (7%). Conclusion: As expected, there were significant allergies mostly to pollens and mites in allergic bronchitis patients. Also, low overall sensitization rate (<%10 to molds) is of interest in our patients whom referred to us from humid Sakarya province. Similarly, there was somewhat low sensitization rate to house dust mite allergen when compared to other humid regions in Turkey.

Sensitization Prevalence of Children with Allergic Rhinitis to Airborne and Food Allergens in Sakarya Province of Turkey

Sensitization Prevalence of Children with Allergic Rhinitis to Airborne and Food Allergens in Sakarya Province of Turkey

Sensitization Prevalence of Children (0-18 year) with Atopic Dermatitis to Airborne and Food Allergens in Sakarya Province of Turkey

Introduction: This is a part of extensive research including food and inhalant allergen sensitizations evaluated in the same study in a moist Sakarya province of Turkey, Sakarya. Aim: Aim of this study was to explore what kind of allergens play a role in sensitizations of atopic dermatitis patients during childhood in Sakarya Province of Turkey. Methods: 191 patients, 0-18 years of age, who thought to have atopic dermatitis referred to only pediatric allergy outpatient clinic in Sakarya for an allergic evaluation between May 2013-April 2015. Multiple skin prick test system was used as a test apparatus to detect sensitization. For dust mite testing Dermat. pter. / farinae; animals: cat/dog; molds: Alternaria/ Cladosporium; grasses: meadow fescue, nettle, mugwort, fathen, weed mix, cereal mix and grass mix; trees: cypress, ash, pine and olive; for foods: cow’s milk, egg, peanut, hazelnut and fish extracts

Sensitization Prevalence of Children with Allergic Rhinitis to Airborne and Food Allergens in Sakarya Province of Turkey

Sensitization Prevalence of Children with Allergic Rhinitis to Airborne and Food Allergens in Sakarya Province of Turkey

First Incursion of the Warrior Race of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) to Turkey in 2014

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 100, No. 2First Incursion of the Warrior Race of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) to Turkey in 2014 PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Incursion of the Warrior Race of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) to Turkey in 2014Z. Mert, K. Nazari, E. Karagöz, K. Akan, İ. Öztürk, and A. TülekZ. MertSearch for more papers by this author, K. NazariSearch for more papers by this author, E. KaragözSearch for more papers by this author, K. AkanSearch for more papers by this author, İ. ÖztürkSearch for more papers by this author, and A. TülekSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Z. Mert , The Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey K. Nazari , ICARDA, Menemen, Izmir, Turkey E. Karagöz K. Akan , The Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey İ. Öztürk A. Tülek , Thrace Agricultural Research Institute, Edirne, Turkey. Published Online:15 Dec 2015https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-15-0827-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is the most common disease of wheat in Turkey. During the 2014 season, an unusual stripe rust infection occurred in winter-wheat-growing areas of the Thrace region in northwest Turkey. Some of the commercial cultivars (Enola, İzgi 2001, etc.) known to be resistant to the previously characterized races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in Turkey were recorded as fully susceptible. The first major infection was observed in a farmer’s field in Edirne (41°12′6.34″ N; 26°24′44.04″ E) on cultivar Enola, and the disease then spread to Kirklareli and Tekirdağ provinces. Trace infections of stripe rust was later observed on some Yr genes previously known to be resistant, such as Yr1, Yr3, and Yr4, in a yellow-rust trap nursery at Sakarya, northern Turkey. Independent race analysis of collected samples from Thrace and Sakarya undertaken at the Central Research Institute for Field Crops in Ankara and the Regional Cereal Rust Research Center in Izmir confirmed the detection of a new P. striiformis f. sp. tritici race in Turkey. Standard procedure for raising seedlings, inoculation, and incubation protocols were followed in seedling assessments of stripe rust differential sets (McIntosh et al. 1995). Seedling infection types of line combinations from World and European differential sets and Near Isogenic lines for Yr-genes in Avocet ‘S’ background were recorded 17 days after inoculation. Compatible infection types of 7 to 9 on Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr17, Yr25, Yr32, and YrSp were recorded for the samples collected in 2014 from Thrace and Sakarya. In recent years, a stripe rust race commonly termed “Warrior,” first identified in 2011 in the United Kingdom, has already spread at high frequencies in most European countries and North Africa (Hovmøller et al. 2015). The virulence spectrum of collected samples from Thrace and Sakarya was identical to the Warrior race which is identically different from characterized races in Turkey by carrying virulence combination for Yr1, Yr3, Yr4, Yr17, Yr32, and YrSP and is avirulent on Yr8 and Yr27. Except for Yr8 and Yr27, the common races in Turkey are generally avirulent on Yr1, Yr3, Yr4, Yr17, Yr32, and YrSP. This is the first confirmed report of the Warrior race in Turkey. In 2015, the same race was redetected with high infection in the Thrace region and Sakarya provinces. Initial assessment of Turkish wheat cultivars and winter wheat germplasm from the International Winter Wheat Breeding Program showed vulnerability of some of the winter wheat cultivars whereas the spring wheat cultivars were more resistant to the Warrior race. This difference is a result of the Warrior race being avirulent on Yr27, a common resistance gene carried by the spring wheat cultivars in Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA), the Caucasus region, and East Africa. Considering the predominant west-east wind trajectory of rust spores and striking combination of virulence factors for important Yr-genes, it is expected that the spread of the Warrior race will be the next challenge of wheat growers in CWANA, the Caucasus, and East African countries. Future acquisition of virulence for Yr27 by the Warrior race would be a concern and therefore monitoring for the potential development of virulence for Yr27 in the Warrior race in this region is very crucial.

The Reliability and Validity of the Scale of Professional Problems Perception: A Research on Social Worker

&lt;p&gt;This study sought to develop a Likert type scale which is valid and reliable in order to investigate the professional problems of social workers. The research was carried out with 98 social workers, emypoled in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, Eskisehir, Trabzon, Samsun, Diyarbakir, Konya, Karaman, Kayseri, Aydin, Hatay, Elazig, Yozgat, Corum, Amasya, Yalova, Kutahya, Duzce, Bolu, Karabuk, Tekirdag, Sakarya provinces of Turkey, in 2014. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of two sections, developed to determine the social workers’ professional problems. The first part contains demographic and personal information, consisting of items about the gender, age, marital status, status, managerial positions, the type of institution, provincial aspects, social work experience, branch, income level, satisfaction level of social work, income level sufficiency, future confidence perception, compatibility with the profession in terms of personal characteristics, perceptions of syndication. The second part includes 40 expressions related to professional problems of social workers on a 3-point Likert-type scale consisting of 3 choices, from 1 = Disagree to 3 = Strongly Agree. The accumulated data was analyzed with factor analysis by using SPSS. The findings of the study revealed that the scale is valid and reliable. Results of the research show that regardless of their position, duty, rank or gender, social workers all concur on the fact that the rights provided them are insufficient and they run into problems that can be categorized as ‘working conditions and social rights’, ‘working method’, ‘professional identity’, ‘professional execution conditions’, ‘employment and promotion policies’, ‘professional organization’ and ‘vocational ıntegration’.&lt;/p&gt;

Investigation of 6-8. Grades Secondary School Students of the Sun Protection Behaviors in Sakarya Province

Aim: Transtheoretical Model (TTM), which encompasses sensitive instruments that measure an individual's cognitive and behavioral processes, that individual’s self-confidence with respect to making a change, the perception of the decision to change, and the factors that make change difficult. The aim of the present study was investigated in an adolescent population, the relationship between sun protection behavior and gender, age, economic level and skin type. Materials and methods: The study sample comprised students enrolled in two private and a public school in the province of Sakarya, a total of 1060 elementary school 6th-8th grade students. The instruments were administered to a total of 900 adolescents in the May-June of 2010. The data were collected with sun protection scales based on the TTM. The Chi-square, Independent samples t test, ANOVA and percentages were used the data analysis. Results: There was more significant progress in low ages, girls and sensitive skin type of the sun protection stages of change (p < 0.05). The sunscreen use stage was associated with female gender and economic levels (p < 0.05). Mean scores of the girls and low age were found to be significantly higher in self-efficacy and perception of pros (p < 0.05). Economic level was associated with sun protection behaviors and perception of pros (p < 0.05). Mean scores of the boys and sensitive skin were found to be significantly lower in perception of cons (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Gender, age, economic level and skin type appear to be important factors affecting sun exposure habits and sun protection behaviors among Turkish adolescent. Especially, it need to be improved in sun protection behaviors of the male, higher age 13, low economic level and dark-skinned adolescents.

Burnout Levels and Related Factors of Family Doctors Who Work At Family Health Centers in Sakarya Province

Burnout Levels and Related Factors of Family Doctors Who Work At Family Health Centers in Sakarya Province

Does Patient-Physician Relationship Affect Health Literacy?: A Research in Sakarya Province

AIM: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between health literacy level and patient-physician relationship in patients with chronic disease. In this context, it is targeted to reveal the impact of health literacy level on the patient-physician relationship. METHOD: The population of research is consist of patients receiving outpatient services in cardiology and oncology policlinic in Sakarya Aœniversitesi EA°itim ve AraA¾tA½rma Hastanesi. Research was done by face to face survey method on patients with chronic diseases who applied to clinics between March 30 to April 20, 2015. Patient-Physician Relationship Scale, developed by Maly et al. (1998), was used to evaluate the relationship between physicians and patients and Health Literacy Level Scale, developed by Aslantekin and YumrutaA¾ (2014), was used to assess the health literacy skills of patients. In the analysis of data, made validity and reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, independent samples t test, correlation analysis and path analysis was used. RESULTS: According to the study findings, functional, communicative and critical literacy levels of participants were low; the patient-doctor relationship has been found at high levels. While communicative literacy levels of patients increase with the age, other dimensions and general health literacy levels decrase. Functional literacy has positive impact and critical literacy has negative impact on the patient-physician relationship; communicative literacy does not have a significant effect on the patient-physician relationship. CONCLUSION: Health literacy is regarded as significant in respect to ensure effective treatment and understand and implement physician’s advice correctly by patients. For this reason, it is recommended to be conducted such studies for creating awareness.