Safranine O Research Articles

Removal of cationic dyes by poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels in aqueous solutions

Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid (poly(AAm-co-AAc)) hydrogels prepared by irradiating with γ-radiation were used in experiments on swelling, diffusion, and uptake of some cationic dyes such as Safranine-O (SO) and Magenta (M). Poly(AAm-co-AAc) hydrogels irradiated at 8.0 kGy have been used for swelling and diffusion studies in water and cationic dye solutions. The maximum swellings in water, and SO, and M solutions observed are 2700%, 3500%, and 4000%, respectively. Diffusions of water and cationic dyes within hydrogels have been found to be non-Fickian in character. Adsorption of the cationic dyes onto poly(AAm-co-AAc) hydrogels is studied by the batch adsorption technique. The adsorption type was found Langmuir type in the Giles classification system. The moles of adsorbed dye for SO and M per repeating unit in hydrogel (binding ratio, r) have been calculated as 3834×10 −6 and 1323×10 −6, respectively. These results show that poly(AAm-co-AAc) hydrogels can be used as adsorbent for water pollutants such as cationic dyes.

Photo-oxidation of benzyl alcohol under natural weathering conditions

The photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol has been investigated by the following carbonyl compound formation. Measurements were made under natural weathering conditions (sunlight and oxygen) in the existence of titanium dioxide or sensitized titanium dioxide. Sensitization of titanium dioxide has been done by the impregnation of Riboflavin (RF), Safranine O (SO), Methyl red (MR), Eosin B (EB), and Methyl blue (MB) on anatase (Degussa P25). The photo-oxidation of benzyl alcohol was found to be fell in the sequence: Riboflavin > Safranine O > Naked TiO 2 > Methyl red > Eosin B > Methyl blue. The formation of benzaldehyde during the photocatalytic reaction has been studied by using FTIR, HPLC and spectrophotometric measurements.

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic media by some organic dyes

The inhibitive capabilities of some organic dyes namely; safranine-o (SO), thymol blue (TB) and fluorescein-Na (F-Na) on the electrochemical corrosion of mild steel in sulphuric acid solution was rapidly assessed using the gasometric technique. The results indicate that all of the studied compounds act as inhibitors in the acidic corrodent. Inhibition efficiency increased with concentration for SO and TB but decreased with concentration for F-Na. The gasometric technique provides a means for rapid assessment of inhibitor effects on corrosion rates.

Spectrophotometric Studies of Complexation of Safranine T and Safranine O with [60]- and [70]Fullerenes and Other Electron Acceptors

The electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions of the dye, namely, Safranine T (ST) and Safranine O (SO) with [60]- and [70]fullerenes and some other electron acceptors (e.g., 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone, o-chloranil, and p-chloranil) were studied in 1,4-dioxan medium using the absorption spectroscopic technique. An absorption band due to a charge transfer (CT) transition is observed in the visible region for all of the complexes studied. The experimental CT transition energies (hv C T 's) are well-correlated (through Mulliken's equation) with the vertical electron affinities of the acceptors. From an analysis of this correlation, vertical ionization potentials of ST and SO have been determined. The influences of ST and SO on the absorption spectrum of [60]- and [70]fullerenes are studied. The experimental results were explained using a theoretical model that takes into account the interaction between electronic subsystems of ST and SO with [60]- and [70]fullerenes. Oscillator strengths, transition dipole strengths, and resonance energies of the EDA complexes have been estimated. Formation constants of the complexes were determined in terms of the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The magnitudes of the formation constants indicate that SO binds more strongly than ST with [60]-and [70]fullerenes.

Interaction of phenazinium dyes and methyl orange with micelles of various charge types

Interactions of phenazinium dyes, phenosafranine (PSF), safranine O (SFO), safranine T (SFT) and methyl orange (MO) with micelles of surfactants having head groups of various charge types have been investigated spectroscopically. The interactions are found to be electrostatic as well as hydrophobic. No interaction was observed in similarly charged dye-surfactant systems. The strength of the interaction of the dyes with nonionic surfactant Triton X100 increases in the order PSF < SFT < SFO < MO.

Dye–Surfactant Interaction in Submicellar Concentration Range

Abstract Interactions of cationic dyes, viz., phenosafranine (PSF), safranine O (SFO) and safranine T (SFT) with anionic surfactants, viz., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium octyl sulfate (SOS) in submicellar concentration ranges have been investigated spectroscopically. The interaction has been shown to be an induced protonation of the dye in the dye–surfactant ion pair. Even though the opposite charges on the dye and the surfactant are the primary requirements for the ion pair formation, it is the hydrophobicity of the surfactant as well as of the dye which induces the protonation. The spectroscopic and thermodynamic parameters show that the orders of effectiveness of the dyes and the surfactants for the interaction are, SFO &amp;gt; SFT &amp;gt; PSF and SDS &amp;gt;&amp;gt; SOS.