Safranin Dye Research Articles

Innovation of extract (Lawsonia Inermis L) as alternative dye for Escherichia Coli bacterial staining

Escherichia coli (E.coli) is a group of gram-negative bacteria that are part of the normal flora in the body. Under certain conditions, these bacteria can be pathogenic by producing enterotoxins that can cause serious infections such as diarrhea. Establishing the diagnosis of infection due to E.coli bacteria, namely through laboratory tests by identifying the bacteria through the bacterial staining method. So far, the most widely used bacterial dyes are synthetic dyes such as safranin. Safranin is a dye in Gram stain which can be carcinogenic and in the long run has a negative impact on health. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to innovate natural dyes that can be used as alternative dyes. Leaves of henna nails (Lawsonia inermis L.) is one of the natural ingredients which has an orange-orange lawsone pigment that is able to color the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria such as E.coli. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of henna leaf extract (Lawsonia inermis L.) as an alternative to safranin staining. This research is a laboratory experiment. The experimental group was stained with henna leaf extract, using ethanol solvent concentrations of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. The control group used safranin dye. All research groups were carried out 3 repetitions. The parameters used were the clarity of the visual field, the shape of the bacteria, the cleanliness of the preparation and the color of the bacteria compared to the safranin control. The results showed that henna leaf extract was effective enough to be used as a coloring agent to replace safranin because it can color E.coli bacteria well.

Green fabrication and photoactivity of novel heteroatom modified metal heaxcyanocobaltate nanocomposites for efficient removal of organic pollutants from wastewater

Herein, structural design of nitrogen-doped metal hexacyanocobalate nanocomposite (N-MHCC; M = Zn, Ni, Fe) have been synthesized via facile precipitation and green synthesis methodology—aqueous leaves extract of A. marmelos used as a natural surfactant. The unique cubical morphology (particle size less than 100 nm) of nanocomposite and the binding energy peak of N at 399 eV confirmed the successful doping of nitrogen in MHCC. The green synthesized N-MHCC treated with toxic Endosulfan (ES) pesticide and phenazinium Safranin (SF) dye under various reaction conditions (pollutant conc: 10–30 mgL-1; catalytic dosage: 20–40 mg; pH: 3–10, irradiation source: artificial bulb, dark, sunlight). N–ZnHCC showed maximum degradation (ES-90%: SF-95%) followed by Ni–NiHCC (ES-82%; SF-87%) and N–FeHCC (ES- 75%; SF-79%) under sunlight irradiation due to negative zeta potential (−20.0 mV), higher surface area (29.1 m2g-1) and lower band gap (1.7 eV). First-order kinetics followed by initial Langmuir adsorption constituted the degradation process. The presence of different radical quenchers (t-BuOH, p-BZQ, Na2EDTA) concluded that hydroxyl radical plays a significant role in the degradation of toxic ES and SF. Green fabricated N-MHCC also showed excellent efficiency for the degradation of ES and SF pollutant in actual wastewater sample. Nanocomposite demonstrated remarkable sustainability and cost-effectiveness by remaining effective for up to eight cycles without experiencing any appreciable activity reduction. Overall, due to its favourable surface features, N-MHCC nanocomposite made in green is a unique and potential photocatalyst for industrial applications.

Functionalization of Fluorine on the Surface of SnO2-Mg Nanocomposite as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Toxic Dye Degradation.

This work reports on the photocatalytic activity of tin oxide (SnO2)-doped magnesium (Mg) and fluorine (F) nanoparticles for methyl orange and safranin dye degradation under sunlight irradiation. Nanocatalysis-induced dye degradation was examined using UV-visible spectroscopy and a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The results indicate that the prepared nanoparticles exhibit superior photocatalytic activity, and the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye is approximately 82%. In contrast, the degradation of safranin dye is 96% in the same time interval of 105 min. The calculated crystallite size of the SnO2-Mg-F nanocomposite is 29.5 nm, which respects the particle size found in the DLS analysis with a tetragonal structure and spherical morphology affirmed. The optical characteristics were assessed, and their respective bandgap energies were determined to be 3.6 eV. The influence of F in Mg and SnO2 is recognized with the XRD and FT-IR spectra of the prepared particles.

Nanoparticle embedded cellulosic film: Synergistic influence on antibacterial activity and sustainable agronomic evaluation

The development of biohybrid nanocellulosic film was successfully achieved with synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles from Vaccinium vitis idaea L. and their hybridization onto cellulose film. The characterization of biohybrid nanocellulosic film showed increased mechanical strength and conductivity. The developed film demonstrated antibacterial activity against medically important pathogens with highest activity was observed against A. baumannii strain and E. coli was less susceptible. Additionally, the film exhibited improved seed germination rate of Oryza Savita and showed catalytic activity in safranin dye degradation. Furthermore, the biohybrid nanocellulosic film extended the shelf life of tomato by preventing microbial spoilage and retained the freshness. Overall, the results obtained in the present investigation are promising with multiplicative properties of the films.

Photoelectrocatalytic Detection and Degradation Studies of a Hazardous Textile Dye Safranin T.

Herein, we report an electrochemical scaffold consisting of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (COOH-fMWCNTs) and iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Fe-ZnO) for the detection of a hazardous textile dye safranin T (ST) and monitoring of its photocatalytic degradation. Prior to the detection and degradation analysis, Fe-ZnO NPs were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by a number of structural and morphological techniques. The carboxyl moiety of COOH-fMWCNTs possessing a strong affinity for the amino functionality of ST led to significant enhancement of the current response at the designed electrochemical platform, whereas the electrocatalytic role, surface area enhancement, and the provision of binding sites of Fe-ZnO led to a further increase in the peak current intensity of ST. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the sensing scaffold made of the glassy carbon electrode modified with COOH-fMWCNTs and Fe-ZnO efficiently transfers charge between the transducer and the redox probe. Under optimized conditions, the developed sensor showed a 2.3 nM limit of detection for ST. Moreover, recovery experiments and anti-interference tests qualified the sensing platform for practical applications. The dye was photocatalytically degraded using Fe-ZnO NPs up to 99% in 60 min with a rate constant of 0.068 min-1. The designed sensor was used to probe the degradation kinetics of the target dye, and the results were found consistent with the findings obtained from electronic absorption method. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first approach for the efficient detection and almost absolute degradation of ST.

RETRACTED: Microwave-assisted synthesis of Vulcan Carbon supported Palladium–Nickel (PdNi@VC) bimetallic nanoparticles, and investigation of antibacterial and Safranine dye removing effects

As an alternative to antibiotics, nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used for targeting bacteria. Nanotechnology holds great potential in the treatment of bacterial infections. Although the mechanisms of antibacterial activity of NPs are not fully understood, widely accepted explanations include oxidative stress induction, metal ion release, and non-oxidative processes. Several simultaneous gene changes would be required in the bacterial cell, making it difficult for bacterial cells to develop resistance to NPs. One important application of nanoparticles is in dye removal. Nanoparticle structures can be utilized effectively as adsorbents due to their reduced size and increased surface area, by combining noble metals, Palladium–Nickel (Pd–Ni), with a carbon structure known as Vulcan Carbon (VC), it is anticipated that the consumption of precious metals can be reduced while benefiting from the enhanced properties of the bimetallic structure. The PdNi@VC structure was synthesized using the microwave synthesis technique. Characterization techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to confirm the formation of the bimetallic structure. According to the Debye-Scherrer equation, the size is 2.74 nm. In addition, photodegradation assays using simulator solar radiation yielded 67% efficacy against Safranine dye. In addition, The PdNi@VC had a high percentage of bacterial inhibition at the concentration of 200 g/ml against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), and Escherichia coli (E.coli). This study focuses on the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles for antibacterial applications and investigates their effectiveness in dye removal from wastewater. The obtained results provide valuable insights for the implementation of innovative methods in these areas.

Smartphones app as portable colorimetric sensor for low-cost quantification of safranin dye in aqueous solutions

ABSTRACT. An android smartphone-based digital image colorimeter was proposed as a novel, fast, cheap, and portable colorimetric sensor for quantification of safranin in aqueous solutions via built-in-house light-boxes photography. Smartphone application known as RGB color detector app that uses an image-matching algorithm via using of take photo (TP) and live camera (LC) to analyze colorful solutions. The color values including red (R), green (G), and blue (B) parameters can be measured with the aid of the app and used for quantifying colorful solutions. The influence of various experimental factors has been optimized. Under optimal conditions, analytical curves were 1.0-10.0 and 2.0-30.0 µg/mL of safranin using G and B parameters, respectively. The obtained signal via the G channel also presented greater sensitivity and linearity, therefore preferred to be the best working channel. The obtained linear range, correlation coefficient, limit of detection, and limit of quantification were 1.00-10.00 µg/mL, 0.9889, 0.15 µg/mL, and 0.51 µg/mL via the GTP-25 method, and 1.00-10.00 µg/mL, 0.9961, 0.13 µg/mL, and 0.44 µg/mL via GLC-25 method, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for evaluation of the dye removal. Results were in good agreement with those recorded by UV-Visible spectrophotometer/reference method.
 
 KEY WORDS: Smartphone, App, Portable, Colorimetric, Sensor, Safranin
 
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1065-1080. 
 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.1

Characterization and evaluation of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Green Powder and its alkali-activated form as eco-friendly biosorbent for the effective removal of safranin dye from synthetic wastewater

Characterization and evaluation of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Green Powder and its alkali-activated form as eco-friendly biosorbent for the effective removal of safranin dye from synthetic wastewater

Synergetic effect on the adsorption of cationic and anionic emerging contaminants on polymeric membranes containing Modified-Graphene Oxide: Study of mechanism in binary systems

The growing need to explore the adsorption potential of new materials in real water samples triggered the evolution from single to multicomponent systems in the area of adsorption. In this study, PAN membranes containing graphene oxide functionalized with safranin dye (hPAN@GO-SF) were applied in the adsorption of complex dyes, pharmaceuticals and surfactants from water and real samples, in single and binary systems, to evaluate the competitive or cooperative effects of adsorbate mixture on the adsorption mechanism. This is the first time that polymeric membranes containing GO have been used as adsorbent in multicomponent systems. The results obtained in single systems indicated that electrostatic interactions and H-bonding are the main mechanism, but chemisorption is also present. For the multicomponent systems, the adsorption potential of the membrane increased due to cooperative effects, reaching a percentage increase of 141% for DB22, a more than 3X increase for BB7 and exponential increase for SIL and PRO. Suggestion of mechanisms based on adsorbent/adsorbate and adsorbate/adsorbate interactions supported by ion exchange, π-π, H-bonding and electrostatic interactions. Comparing the adsorption capacity of hPAN@GO-SF for contaminants in binary system with other materials in the literature used in single systems, this indicate that membrane is a potential adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Fe0.5Mn0.5Co2O4/Fe2O3 as a Novel Nanocomposite for the Effective Photocatalytic Decomposition of Safranin Dye

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Fe0.5Mn0.5Co2O4/Fe2O3 as a Novel Nanocomposite for the Effective Photocatalytic Decomposition of Safranin Dye

Efficient removal of safranin from aqueous solution using a new type of metalated highly self-doped polyaniline nanocomposite

We report the chemical synthesis of poly(aniline-co-aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid)) and its composite containing L-hexuronic acid and metallic Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles as a new thermally stable anionic polyelectrolyte for removing safranin dye. The composite was characterized by IR, UV, cyclic voltammetry, SEM, TEM, TGA, DSC, EDXS and elemental analyses. Microscopic images exhibited intensified spherical particles dispersed over almost the entire surface. The XRD exhibited peaks of the partially crystalline material at many 2θ values, and their interatomic spacing and sizes were calculated. The cyclic voltammograms exhibited characteristic redox peaks relative to the quinoid ring transition states. The uptake rates up to 82.5% adsorption were completed within 75 min and the equilibrium time was 45 min. The isotherm of dye adsorption interprets the interaction with the adsorbent and explain the relationship between the dye removal capacity and the initial dye concentration. In the current, the Langmuir isotherm model was the optimum to interpret both the dye/copolymer and the dye/composite interactions. The uptake of safranin by copolymer/SiO2@Ag nanocomposite was well defined by pseudo second order model with rate constant K2 = 0.03 g− 1 mg− 1 min− 1 for 19 mg safranin. A comparison of safranin adsorption efficiency of the synthesized material with other reported material in the same domain suggested that the present composite has a higher adsorption rate and capacity. The ongoing research is devoted to improving the removal percentage of the dye by using 1,3,5-triazine based sulfonated polyaniline/Ag@ SiO2 nanocomposite.

Remove safranin dye from the aqueous solution using ZnO stabilized on zeolite in the presence of ultraviolet light

Remove safranin dye from the aqueous solution using ZnO stabilized on zeolite in the presence of ultraviolet light

Histological analysis of somatic embryogenesis from shoot explant of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

The goal of this research was to investigate the ontogenic path followed by the somatic embryo from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq.) with in vitro culture and to characterize somatic embryo from shoot of explants. Explant were injected into a medium for the induction of calluses, histological analysis were perfomed on embryogenic callus and somatic embryo. Embryogenic callus with nodular structure and still proliferate because the cells are meristematic and very actively to dividing. The samples were dehydrated in an alcohol series, FAA-fixed and paraffin-infused for this. For staining the sample, it was done by inserting the sample in 1% safranin dye for 12 hours, then rinsed with distilled water until the color completely disappeared, then continued with dehydration in ethanol and added 2% fast green solution for 30 seconds. Oil palm somatic embryos consist of 3 phases, namely globular, skutelar and coleoptilar, where somatic embryos in the globular phase will be larger than nodular callus. globular embryo size > 200 μm with the characteristics of this phase, namely the formation of epidermal tissue, this tissue is the result of differentiation from the meristematic surface layer called protoderm. This layer is a periclinal cleavage at the transition from the proembryonic to globular phase. This method of multiplication allowed the original cell mass to proliferate, resulting in new calli lineages, particularly the embryogenic yellowish nodular lineage, which gave rise to somatic embryos.

Batch adsorption of safranin dye from aqueous solution using activated groundnut pods (AGP)

This work aimed on the adsorption of safranin dye from wastewater using activated groundnut pods (AGP). The raw pods were collected, crushed into particle size of about 400 - 550 μm and modified in-situ with ZnCl2 to prepare AGP which was characterized using analytical technique; Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Thermo gravimetric analyser (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The absorbance of the dye solution was monitored at 530 nm with UV-Visible spectrophotometer. FTIR analysis showed the vibration frequency for C‒H, O‒H, C=O and C‒O stretches at 2900, 3420, 1730, and 1100 cm-1 respectively. SEM results revealed the AGP has a porous surface with heterogeneous pores which became compact after dye adsorption. EDX confirmed the presence of C, O, Zn and Cl in the adsorbent. The suitability of the pseudo-first, pseudo second and Elovich kinetic models for the sorption of safranin onto AGP was examined. The equilibrium data were subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Adsorption factors were optimized by Box-Behnken design using response surface methodology (RSM). The pseudo-second order kinetic model provided the best correlation and was found to be more statistically significant. Langmuir model was found to fit well based on the high values of the coefficient of regression R2 and low % standard error values. The monolayer adsorption capacity Qmax was found to be 45.45 mgg-1. Thermodynamic adsorption processes showed the spontaneous, endothermic and randomness of the systems with free energy change less than zero, enthalpy change (∆H) of 66.43 kJmol-1and entropy change (∆S) of 145.37 Jmol-1K-1. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) showed that 0.55 g was the optimum dosage with 92.50 % removal of safranin dye concentration of 200 mgL-1 at pH 10.

Batch adsorption of safranin dye from aqueous solution using activated groundnut pods (AGP)

Batch adsorption of safranin dye from aqueous solution using activated groundnut pods (AGP)

Adsorption of Safranin dye, an emerging contaminant from wastewater by modified bamboo (Bambusa Tulda): Characterization and column model analysis

AbstractA fixed‐bed column study was studied to assess the performance of sodium bicarbonate modified Bambusa Tulda to remove Safranin from wastewater. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis shows the existence of carboxyl as well as hydroxyl bonding and grouping. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis shows the enhanced structure of Bambusa Tulda before and after chemical modification, and Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis shows the existence of Na, O after chemical modification with sodium bicarbonate. The maximum removal was found at higher bed depth and low flow rate. The breakthrough analysis time and exhaust time increase with an increase in bed height. At 5 ml/min flow rate, with initial concentration of 50 mg/L and bed height of 15 cm of adsorbent, shows best removal rate of safranin dye in column analysis. The Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model and Thomas model analysis remained similar with experiment results, which indicates that they are suitable for the design of column study. It is being concluded that sodium bicarbonate modified Bambusa Tulda is an effective, low cost and readily available adsorbent for the adsorption of Safranin from wastewater.

Graphene oxide-safranin modified@polyacrylonitrile membranes for water purification: Reuse and mechanism based on theoretical calculations and XPS analysis

The difficulty in metabolizing and degrading complex dyes containing three or more aromatic rings ascends new alternatives in the treatment of colored water, including adsorption. Despite advances in this area, the adsorption of complex dyes has been little reported. In this work, polyacrylonitrile membranes incorporated with graphene oxide functionalized with safranin dye (hPAN@GO-SF) were applied to remove the complex cationic dyes basic blue 7 (BB7) and basic brown 4 (BB4), and the anionic direct black 22 (DB22) from water. The advantage of using nanoadsorbents immobilized on polymeric membranes is their easy removal after adsorption. Under the best conditions established for dye removal, high adsorption capacities of 1143/1035, 873/799 and 205/148 mg·g−1 were achieved for BB4, BB7 and DB22 in the single and saline system, respectively. Henry and Temkin's isothermal models best fitted equilibrium experimental data of dyes in single and saline systems, respectively, while the kinetic model of intraparticle diffusion fitted well the empirical data in both systems. Furthermore, hPAN@GO-SF can be used for five consecutive cycles without loss of efficiency for the BB7 dye. Theoretical calculations and post-adsorbed membrane analyses showed that the adsorbent/adsorbate interactions are based on H-bonding, π-π and electrostatic interactions.

Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of cationic dyes over bismuth ferrite (BFO) intercalated on liquid natural rubber-based hydrogel compound

A hydrogel-based photocatalyst was employed to remove methylene blue (MB) and safranin dye effluents from wastewater using a liquid natural rubber (LNR)-acrylic acid (AAc) based bismuth ferrite (BFO) hydrogel compound. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used in this research to optimize several parameters for the synthesis of hydrogel compound and adsorptive-photodegradation process. Without a post-treatment separation phase, safranin and MB dye were able to maintain dye removal for up to six and five cycles with 99% dye removal, respectively, explaining the hydrogel’s stability and adsorptive efficiency. Furthermore, MB and safranin dyes were adsorbed and photodegraded very rapidly under a xenon lamp compared to the dye removal efficacy at dark, proving BFO has aided in the photodegradation process adsorbs further the dye effluents in which the hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide radical (·O2–) species were responsible for the photocatalytic activity. It has been proposed that safranin and MB dye effluent adsorption matches the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model. A positive entropy number, S, in thermodynamic analysis indicates that the reaction has become more random, boosting the system's spontaneity. Meanwhile, it is found that adsorption rate of safranin is highly dependent on pH and is under the influence of inner sphere surface complexes. Thus, the synthesized LNR-g-MaH/AAc-BFO hydrogel compound in this study has shown excellent performance in the removal of dye effluents for the wastewater treatment process with enhanced stability.

Gellan gum/bacterial cellulose hydrogel crosslinked with citric acid as an eco-friendly green adsorbent for safranin and crystal violet dye removal

In this study, ex-situ crosslinked gellan gum (GG)/bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogels have been investigated as good absorbents for the removal of safranin and crystal violet dye pollutants. The preparation involves a cost-effective and easy-to-perform crosslinking procedure, using citric acid (CA) as a green crosslinker. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the crosslinked hydrogels were examined by FTIR, TGA, SEM, XRD, and unconfined compression analyses. The swelling capacity of the hydrogels as a function of pH was investigated. CA depicted to improve structural stability as a crosslinker. The dye removal capacity of the hydrogels as good adsorbents was explored and showed higher efficiency in the removal of safranin dye as compared to crystal violet with optimum adsorption capacities obtained as 17.57 and 13.49 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm models as well as thermodynamics examined. Results showed the adsorption process well fitted the pseudo 2nd-order kinetic and Langmuir-Freundlich models while temperature dependence study depicted to be exothermic. Furthermore, no significant loss of removal efficiency of the hydrogel adsorbent was observed even after five adsorption-desorption cycles. Based on the revealed results, the prepared hydrogel may serve as an effective adsorbent for the removal of dyes from the aqueous phase.

Simultaneous scavenging of As(V) and safranin O dye by Mg/Al LDH-zeolite heterocoagulated materials: The effect of adsorbent synthesis approach on its efficiency in static and dynamic system

Increasing demand for simultaneous removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewaters causes a growing popularity of hybrid materials with dual adsorption properties. This study investigated the effect of heterocoagulated materials synthesis conditions on their adsorption efficiency both in static and dynamic conditions. The heterostructures containing layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and zeolite were synthesized via two approaches: facile, one-pot hydrothermal synthesis and co-precipitation of LDH on the hydrothermally obtained zeolite. The low-cost and abundant kaolin group minerals have been used as precursors for the zeolite synthesis. The results emphasized the advantage of hydrothermal materials in removal of As(V) and cationic dye safranin O (SO) in both single and dual-component systems. The high specific surface area of hydrothermal materials (139.5 m2/g) influenced the superior SO removal properties. All of the obtained heterostructures were also highly effective in As(V) adsorption due to their significant anion exchange capacity of 56.5–120.4 meq/100 g. The best material was transformed into hydrogel beads by encapsulation with the use of sodium alginate polymer. It was tested in a custom-made flow-through column. In addition to the efficient adsorbates removal, the dynamic experiments highlighted the importance of the physical behavior of the adsorbent granules in the adsorption column.