Removal Of Safranin Research Articles

Adsorptive studies on the removal of dyes from single and binary systems using Saccharum munja plant-based novel functionalized CNT composites

Herein, Saccharum munja (SM) plant biomass and its novel composites with 0.5%, 1% and 2% functionalized carbon nanotube (CNT) were innovatively proposed as a versatile biosorbent for the removal of safranine O (SO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes from the single and binary systems. The morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of the as-fabricated adsorbents were characterized using various techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Batch adsorption studies revealed maximum removal of dyes at neutral pH and equilibrium was reached within 10 min of contact time for both the dyes. The adsorption process was modelled by the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm, where the maximum adsorption capacity of the 1%CNT+SM composite was enhanced by 336.29% and 35.49% as compared to raw SM, in the case of SO and MB dye respectively. Interestingly, the raw SM and its composites showed a higher affinity in the binary system towards the removal of SO (82.56-95.67%) as compared to MB (80.67-94.24%) dye. Regeneration studies depicted excellent reusability even after the tenth sequential adsorption–desorption cycle, which makes these adsorbents a promising material for wastewater remediation. • Raw Saccharum munja and its composites with functionalized CNT were fabricated. • Safranine O and Methylene Blue dyes were removed effectively using the adsorbents. • The composite of SM with 1% functionalized CNT gave the best results. • Regeneration of all adsorbents was studied up to 10 cycles.

Bioremoval of Safranin O dye by the identified lichen species called Evernia prunastri biomass; biosorption optimization, isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics

Evernia prunastri (lichen), a novel, eco-friendly, cost-effective, wide availability, safe, renewable and easy collection biosorbent, has been utilized for the removal of Safranin O (SO) dye from an aqueous solution. The biosorption behavior of SO onto the lichen biomass was investigated concerning parameters such as initial SO concentration (10–2000 mg L−1), solution pH (2.0–12.0), lichen biomass dosage (1–20 g L−1), contact time (2–1440 min), temperature (5 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C), and recovery were investigated. The zeta potential analyses showed that electrostatic attraction existed during the biosorption process between the SO and lichen biomass. The maximum SO biosorption capacity of the lichen biomass was 0.257 mol kg−1 at pH 6.0 and 25 °C. The biosorption energy for SO onto the lichen biomass was found to be EDR:8.9 kJ mol−1 reveals the biosorption proceeds chemically. The biosorption process follows the pseudo-second order and intra particle diffusion rate kinetics. Thermodynamic studies showed that SO biosorption, by this the lichen biomass is possible, spontaneous, and endothermic.

A glassy polyvinyl alcohol/silica gel hybrid composite for safranin removal: Adsorption, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

A glassy polyvinyl alcohol/silica gel hybrid composite for safranin removal: Adsorption, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Fabrication of zinc/silver binary nanoparticles, their enhanced microbial and adsorbing properties

Monometallic ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by hydrolysis of zinc acetate with ammonium hydroxide solution. Bimetallic zinc-silver nanoparticles (ZnO-AgNPs) were prepared using metal displacement galvanic cell reaction in presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The optical and photo-physical properties of both NPs were determined. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) intensity of ZnO-AgNPs depends on the ratio of metal salt precursors and other experimental conditions. The optical band gap (2.98 eV), agglomeration number (26819.92), and molar concentration (1.14 × 10−4 mol/liter) of ZnO-AgNPs were determined. Langmuir adsorption monolayer, Freundlich, intraparticles diffusion and multilayer adsorption isotherms used for the determination of maximum adsorption efficiency and adsorption isotherm parameters to the removal of safranin dye from an aqueous solution. The kinetics of safranin removal has also been discussed with pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion and multilayer kinetic models. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of ZnO, Ag and ZnO-AgNPs were determined against human pathogens using growth kinetic and disk diffusion methods. The concentrations of ZnO-AgNPs have significant effect on the bacterial growth kinetics. The death rate constants increase with increasing the NPs concentrations. It has been found that the ZnO-AgNPs hold higher microbial activities than that of monometallic counterpart, ZnO and AgNPs. Mechanism of bacterial growth and death was discussed.

High Performance Removal of Azo and Cationic Dyes Pollutants with Mn-Aluminophosphate Particles: Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Adsorption Equilibrium Studies

Manganese aluminophosphate (Mn–APO) microcrystals have been synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). As a potential application in water treatment, Mn–APO particles were evaluated in removal of safranin (CAF) and chrysoidine G (CHG) dyes from aqueous solution. The effects of initial concentrations and pH, contact time, dosage of adsorbent, and temperature were investigated on the dye adsorption capacity of the Mn–APO. The experimental data revealed that an amount of 0.1 g of sorbent demonstrated maximum removal efficiency of CAF and CHG dyes (30 ppm) at pH 7. Two common kinetic models, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order were applied to explain the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption kinetics of CHG and SAF was found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic results indicated that the adsorption of CHG and SAF onto Mn–APO particles is endothermic and negative value of ΔG° confirms the spontaneous process. The particles of Mn–APO can be easily regenerated by chemical and physical methods after adsorption. Three common isotherm models, the Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich were employed to study the interaction of CHG and SAF onto Mn–APO particles. The equilibrium adsorption of Mn–APO was best explained by the Temkin isotherm model. The recycled sorbent can be use after 3 cycles without noticeable change in its activity. The obtained maximum adsorption capacities correspond to an excellent ability to remove dye at ambient temperature. The present study not only introduces new materials for highly efficient and recyclable sorbent, but also facilitates their practical application in environmental remediation.

Removal of safranin from aqueous solution through liquid emulsion membrane

One of the real issues of the recent years is water contamination because of harmful synthetic dyes. Liquid Membranes (LM) resemble a promising alternative to the current separation processes, demonstrating various points of interest as far as effectiveness, selectivity, and operational expenses. The improvement of various Liquid Membranes designs has been a matter of examination by few researchers, particularly for the expulsion of dyes from aqueous solutions. The choice of organic surfactants plays an essential role in the efficiency of the dye removal. In LM design, the most significant step towards productivity is the decision of the surfactant type and its concentration. Liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) was used to remove safranin from aqueous solutions in which the emulsion was made with the help of D2EHPA as carrier, kerosene was used as a diluent and Span 80 (Sorbiton monooleate) was used as an emulsifying agent or surfactant. Various sorts of internal stages were utilized, to be specific sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide. The impact of parameters influencing extraction efficiency such as pH of feed solution, concentrations of surfactant and emulsifying agent in membrane phase, volume ratio of internal phase to membrane phase, internal phase concentration, agitation speed and time of extraction were analyzed.

Reactive adsorption of Safranin O: surface - pore diffusion modeling and degradation study.

Granular activated carbon was doped with iron (Fe-AC) and was used to study the removal of Safranin O (SO) using the Fe-AC/H2O2 system for reactive adsorption and Fe-AC for adsorption. Fe-AC and H2O2 doses were optimized to obtain maximum removal of SO. Maximum removal was found to be 96.1% after 5 h using 1.0 g/L Fe-AC and 5.0 mM hydrogen peroxide doses for 10 mg/L initial SO concentration. Kinetic study suggested the suitability of the pseudo-first-order model for reactive adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm explained well the sorption of SO onto Fe-AC. Parallel-pore-reactive adsorption model was applied and validated. By fitting the experimental data to the model, it is observed that the surface reaction rate coefficient, kr, was found to be five times that of the apparent rate constant, kapp. Parameters such as the external liquid film mass transfer coefficient, macro-pore and micro-pore diffusivities were estimated by regression analysis. Pore diffusion and surface reaction were found to be rate controlling for adsorption and reactive adsorption, respectively. An oxidative degradation of SO took place via hydroxylation and ring cleavage processes.

Preparation of a Stable Nanoscale Manganese Residue-Derived FeS@Starch-Derived Carbon Composite for the Adsorption of Safranine T.

To develop a novel, low-cost adsorbent with natural material and industrial waste as raw materials, nanoscale manganese residue-derived FeS@starch-derived carbon (MR–FeS@SC) composite was prepared by the carbonization of starch–manganese residue gel. Manganese residue-derived FeS (MR–FeS) and starch-derived carbon (SC) were also prepared as contrasts for comparative studies. The MR–FeS@SC nanocomposite exhibited relatively large specific surface area and micropore volume, appropriate pore size, abundant functional groups, strong interaction between the functional groups of SC and MR–FeS, and the immobilization and uniform distribution of MR–FeS nanoparticles onto SC support material, which contributed to better adsorption properties for the removal of Safranine T (ST) from the aqueous solution compared with those of MR–FeS and SC. The adsorption could be conducted at a wide range of pH and temperature to achieve a satisfy removal efficiency of ST with MR–FeS@SC nanocomposite as adsorbent. The adsorption kinetics well followed the pseudo-second-order model, and the dominant mechanism was chemisorption. The adsorption behavior was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Due to the strong interaction between MR–FeS nanoparticles and SC support, MR–FeS@SC nanocomposite exhibited better reusability and stability even after fifteen cycles. This study provides a facile method of preparing effective and stable adsorbents for the treatment of dye wastewater.

Application of heterogeneous iron loaded zeolite A catalyst in photo-Fenton process for the removal of safranin in wastewater

Application of heterogeneous iron loaded zeolite A catalyst in photo-Fenton process for the removal of safranin in wastewater

Sulfonic acid functionalized magnetite nanomesoporous carbons for removal of Safranin O from aqueous solutions

Sulfonic acid functionalized magnetite nanomesoporous carbons for removal of Safranin O from aqueous solutions

Adsorption of Safranin (Cationic) Dye from Water by Bambusa tulda: Characterization and ANN Modeling

Abstract The present research is based on the removal of safranin (cationic) dye, an emerging contaminant from wastewater by sodium bicarbonate modified Bambusa tulda (variety of bamboo and a bioad...

Adsorption Removal of Safranin Dye Contaminants from Water Using Various Types of Natural Zeolite

The presented study involved detail investigation for the adsorption properties of three types of natural zeolite (heulandite, clinoptilolite, and phillipsite). The studied zeolite samples were described based on the structural features from the XRD patterns and the surficial morphologies from SEM images. The selected zeolite minerals were applied as adsorbents in the decolorization of safranin-T dye from water. The estimated uptake capacities for safranin revealed the higher capacity of heulandite than clinoptilolite and Phillipsite (heulandite>clinoptilolite>phillipsite). As per the kinetic studies, 240min was detected as the decolorization equilibrium of safranin by heulandite and clinoptilolite; and 480min for phillipsite zeolite. The decolorization mechanisms were classified as chemical processes and represented strongly by Lagergren assumption and Elovich model. Monolayer adsorption form was suggested for the uptake by heulandite and clinoptilolite (Langmuir); and multilayer form was predicted for phillipsite (Freundlich). Neutral to alkaline environment was detected to be the best medium for considerable removal of safranin. Natural zeolite minerals also were applied effectively in safarnin decontamination from raw water and showed effective values in the decolorization of other types of dyes.

UV/H2O2/iron loaded rice husk ash based advanced oxidation process for the removal of safranin from wastewater

UV/H2O2/iron loaded rice husk ash based advanced oxidation process for the removal of safranin from wastewater

Synthesis of Mesoporous Graphite Functionalized by Nitrogen for Efficient Removal of Safranin Dye Utilizing Rice Husk Ash; Equilibrium Studies and Response Surface Optimization

Mesoporous graphitic carbon (PG) was successfully synthesized from alkaline treated rice husk ash through chemical activation by phosphoric acid at 800 °C for 1 h and modified by nitric acid to produce porous graphite with nitrogen functional group (N.PG). The morphology and structure of N.PGC were characterized by XRD, SEM and Micromeritics ASAP2010 analyzer at 77 K. N.PG was applied as an adsorbent material for safranin-O dye from aqueous solution. The removal of safranin dye by the synthetic porous graphite with nitrogen functional groups shows higher capacity as compared to the pure phase of porous graphite. The adsorption process was investigated as a function of contact time, adsorbent mass, pH, initial dye concentration and ionic strength. The kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption equilibrium was reached after 480 min and the obtained data well fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Elovich kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm of safranin by the synthetic N.PG was described with Langmuir isotherm model, and the calculated qmax is 20.66 mg/g. The removal process is highly dependent on the pH value of the solution, and the optimum pH for maximum removal of safranin-O is pH 6. The response surface methodology in conjunction with the central composite rotatable design was used to optimize the sorption process. From the second order polynomial model, the predicted optimum conditions for maximum removal of safranin (100%) are 365 min contact time, 0.3 g dose, 5 g/l NaCl and pH 6 at initial concentration 127 mg/l.

Titanium dioxide‐coated biochar composites as adsorptive and photocatalytic degradation materials for the removal of aqueous organic pollutants

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis article reports the synthesis and characterisation of titanium dioxide‐coated biochar composites (TBCs) by pyrolysing titanium dioxide‐treated biomass prepared by a modified sol–gel method. Their adsorptive and photocatalytic activities were evaluated based on the removal of safranine T (ST) from an aqueous solution with/without UV‐light irradiation.RESULTSCharacterisation studies suggested that TiO2 was successfully loaded on the biochar substrate. The biochar and TiO2 contents of the composite significantly affected its performance. The ST removal capabilities of the TBCs with 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 g of the biomass are 1.7, 2.3, 7.2, and 2.3 times better than that of the raw biochar, respectively. Thus, the optimum amount of biomass in TBC‐x was determined to be 2 g, with the corresponding sample exhibiting excellent stability, effectiveness over a wide pH range, and a maximum ST removal capacity of 226.7 mg g‐1.CONCLUSIONThe loading of TiO2 significantly enhanced the adsorption performance of biochar and the high specific surface area of the biochar synergistically promoted the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Both adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were confirmed to contribute to the decolourisation of the aqueous solution because of the removal of ST, with the effect of adsorption being slightly higher than that of photocatalysis. The synthesised composite is a promising alternative material for removing chemical contaminants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

Removal of safranine T and brilliant cresyl blue dyes from water by carboxy methyl cellulose incorporated acrylic hydrogels: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic study

Polymer hydrogels having numerous functional groups can efficiently remove the low concentration of an industrial dye from water. This kind of functional adsorbent can be prepared by integrating a low cost polymer obtained from a naturally occurring polysaccharide such as sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) with a synthetic polymer like acrylic polymers. In the present work acrylic acid (AA)/N'N, methylene bis acrylamide(MBA), sodium acrylate/MBA and comonomers AA /hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (HEMA)/MBA were free radical polymerized in an aqueous solution of CMC to produce several composite hydrogels. The swelling and dye adsorption properties of the hydrogels increased with an increase in the wt% of CMC. The hydrogels prepared with sodium polyacrylate and 6 wt% of CMC showed the highest swelling in water and also the highest adsorption (mg/g gel)/removal% of 9.45/94.5 and 9.89/98.9,respectively for 10 mg/L of Safranine T and brilliant cresyl blue dye, respectively, from water.

Removal of Safranin dye from aqueous solution using magnetic mesoporous clay: Optimization study

Iron oxide/sepiolite magnetite composite (MSep) was prepared by a chemical precipitation method. The composite was characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and specific surface area analysis. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was successfully applied to the optimization of the Safranin removal process. Three independent variables namely initial pH, dye ion concentration and adsorbent dosage were investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the quadratic model suggested that the predicted values were in good agreement with experimental data. Detailed kinetic and equilibrium studies were performed for liquid phase adsorption of Safranin using MSep. The adsorption process could be well described by Langmuir isotherm and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was calculated as 18.48mgg−1. The adsorption kinetics was evaluated by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models; pseudo-second-order model was found to describe the process better. The adsorption was analyzed thermodynamically and the results revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.

Enhanced adsorptive removal of Safranine T from aqueous solutions by waste sea buckthorn branch powder modified with dopamine: Kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics

Polydopamine coated sea buckthorn branch powder (PDA@SBP) was facilely synthesized via a one-pot bio-inspired dip-coating approach. The as-synthesized PDA@SBP was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption progresses of Safranine T on the surface of PDA@SBP adsorbent were systematically investigated. More specifically, the effects of solution pH, contact time, initial concentration and temperature were evaluated, respectively. The experimental results showed the adsorption capacity of PDA@SBP at 293.15K could reach up to 54.0mg/g; the adsorption increased by 201.7% compared to that of native SBP (17.9mg/g). Besides, kinetics studies showed that pseudo-second-order kinetic model adequately described the adsorption behavior. The adsorption experimental data could be fitted well a Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the ST adsorption was a physisorption endothermic process. Regeneration of the spent PDA@SBP adsorbent was conducted with 0.1M HCl without significant reduction in adsorption capacity. On the basis of these investigations, it is believed that the PDA@SBP adsorbent could have potential applications in sewage disposal areas because of their considerable adsorption capacities, brilliant regeneration capability, and cost-effective and eco-friendly preparation and use.

Adsorption of Safranin on Pseudostem Banana Fibers

Adsorption assays indicated that the pseudostem banana fibers are an efficient sorbent for the removal of safranin from aqueous solution being dependent on pH, dye concentration, and temperature. Kinetics and thermodynamic studies indicated Sips isotherm as the most suitable model to describe the studied adsorption process, which occurs through a pseudo second-order process. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the sorption of safranin dye onto pseudostem banana fiber is spontaneous (ΔGads ≅ –30 kJ mol−1) and exothermic (ΔHads ≅ –17 kJ mol−1).

Assessment of the biosorption kinetic and thermodynamic for the removal of safranin dye from aqueous solutions using calcined mussel shells

Calcined mussel shells have been used as new low cost and eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal of safranin as cationic dye from aqueous solutions by biosorption technique. Batch mode experiments were conducted using various parameters such as pH, contact time, biosorbent amount and safranin concentration. Removal efficiency of safranin by the calcined mussel shells attained 87.56% using 200mg of biosorbent and 150mg/L as safranin concentration and for a pH above 9.2. Four kinetic models are used, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion for the design and the optimization treatment. The kinetic analysis showed that the pseudo-second-order model had the best fit to the experimental data. Biosorption isotherms were also investigated using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The experimental data fitted very well with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Thermodynamic biosorption processes were found to be spontaneous, endothermic. The Gibbs energy ΔG° decreased from −1.956kJ/mol to −2.456kJ/mol with increase in temperature from 298K to 313K indicating a increase in feasibility of biosorption at higher temperature. Accordingly, calcined mussel shells were shown to be a very efficient, eco-friendly and low cost biosorbent and a promising alternative for removal dyes from aqueous solutions.