Safety Risk Analysis Research Articles

Food Safety Risk Analysis in East African Community: A Cornerstone for an Effective Regional Risk-Based Food Safety System

Food risk analysis remains a major cornerstone that provides a framework for the risk-based food safety system. This paper aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the food safety system, and the foundational role and opportunities of the risk analysis concept in the East Africa Community (EAC). The study was done through the explorative review of the literature as the best approach to getting broad information on the concept of risk analysis in global food safety and its impact on food safety systems. Through analysis of the relevant literature and previous studies related to global food safety and food safety systems, the approach helped to draw on challenges and opportunities and to reformulate the potential key role of the risk analysis concept in the EAC food safety system. Challenges were identified through the evaluation of the effectiveness of the EAC food safety system with reference to the US- effective food safety model. The role and opportunities of the risk analysis in the EAC food safety system were evaluated against identified challenges, and its implementation feasibility and assets in the EAC food safety system. As results, the EAC food safety system showed many gaps and challenges, and was ineffective. While the risk analysis concept was found a key factor in attributes of the effective food safety system, it could help the EAC food safety system to become effective, and to respond to the current and future food safety needs of both the African continent and the Globe. With many opportunities and potentials in EAC, the risk analysis concept can be integrated into the EAC food safety system. Therefore, a useful and strategic approach as a model of the integration of the risk analysis concept was designed for EAC. It is the establishment of an EAC- Regional Centre of Expertise in Food Risk Analysis (EAC-CREFRA). In addition, the EAC food safety system needs to anchor One Health and multi-factorial food safety management approaches to food safety.

Occupational Health and Safety Risk Analysis Using AS/NZS Standard 4360:2004 in a Fish Meatball Industry

The Indonesian fishing industry developed by 1.4% in 2020, compared to the previous year, as shown by the existence of around 773 seafood factories. Such growth caused the emergence of different working conditions due to the use of complex machines. In 2019, the industrialization process generated an immense potential for accidents on occupational health as the mishaps increased from 60 to 270 cases. For this reason, this study aimed to identify the value and level of risk, using HIRARC (Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control) following AS/NZS 4360:2004 standards. The study was conducted at the fish meatball company located in East Java, for six months. The results showed that the company could manage the occupational health and safety, as indicated by the reduction of the levels of risk from acceptable (33.4%), priority 3 (14.3%), priority 2 risk (38.1%), priority 1 risk (9.5%), and very high risk (4.8%) to acceptable (76%) and priority 3 (24%). The risk assessment matrix had shifted from yellow (moderate) to green (low). Some recommendations implemented in the workplace included creating a safety organization, organizing training sessions among employees, fostering a safety culture, applying ergonomic principles, and controlling work hours.

An ensemble of AHP-EW and AE-RNN for food safety risk early warning.

Food safety problems are becoming increasingly severe in modern society, and establishing an accurate food safety risk warning and analysis model is of positive significance in avoiding food safety accidents. We propose an algorithmic framework that integrates the analytic hierarchy process based on the entropy weight (AHP-EW) and the autoencoder-recurrent neural network (AE-RNN). Specifically, the AHP-EW method is first used to obtain the weight percentages of each detection index. The comprehensive risk value of the product samples is obtained by weighted summation with the detection data, which is used as the expected output of the AE-RNN network. The AE-RNN network is constructed to predict the comprehensive risk value of unknown products. The detailed risk analysis and control measures are taken based on the risk value. We applied this method to the detection data of a dairy product brand in China for example validation. Compared with the performance of 3 models of the back propagation algorithm (BP), the long short-term memory network (LSTM), and the LSTM based on the attention mechanism (LSTM-Attention), the AE-RNN model has a shorter convergence time, predicts data more accurately. The root mean square error (RMSE) of experimental data is only 0.0018, proving that the model is feasible in practice and helps improve the food safety supervision system in China to avoid food safety incidents.

Coupling Analysis of Tunnel Construction Safety Risks Based on N-K Model and SD Causality Diagram

Tunnel construction is characterized by its large scale, long periods and vulnerability to environmental impact, which pose great challenges to tunnel construction safety. In order to analyze the coupling mechanism of tunnel construction safety risks and assess these risks, we conducted a study on the coupling evaluation of these risks in order to improve tunnel construction safety risk management. By analyzing 150 accident cases related to tunnel construction safety, an N-K model (natural killing model) was constructed to quantify the risk level of each coupling form from four aspects—personnel risk factors, equipment risk factors, environmental risk factors and management risk factors—and the SD (system dynamics) causality diagram was used to construct risk element conduction paths and identify the key influencing factors of different coupling forms. The research results show that with the increase in risk coupling factors, the risk of tunnel construction safety accidents also increases; weak personnel safety awareness, aging and wear of equipment, poor operating environment and construction site management chaos are the key risk factors whose prevention needs to be focused on. The related research results can provide a new method for decision makers to assess tunnel construction safety risks and enrich the research on tunnel construction safety risk management.

Design—Construction Phase Safety Risk Analysis of Assembled Buildings

To reduce the impact of safety risks on assembled buildings, this paper explores the factors affecting the safety risks of constructed buildings from the perspective of linkage between the design and construction phases. The method identifies 10 first-level risk indicators and 25 s-level safety risk indicators in five dimensions of prefabricated components, personnel, management, environment, and technology in both the design and construction phases, utilizing literature induction, expert interviews, questionnaire surveys, and Porter’s diamond model. The structural equation model was used to quantify the weights of the 25 s-level safety risk indicators to highlight the safety risk analysis of the assembled building and avoid risk. The results of the study show that it is important to analyze the safety risk linkage between the design phase and construction phase of the assembled building; from the perspective of the design-construction phase linkage, controlling the safety risk in the design phase can effectively reduce the safety risk in the construction phase.

Construction Worker Safety Prediction and Active Warning Based on Computer Vision and the Gray Absolute Decision Analysis Method

Although a great deal of worker safety risks analysis has been conducted, safety accidents continue to occur and recur at regular intervals. On construction sites, various activities have different levels of accident probability and severity, and existing methods are limited because they involve the use of the same weights to assess accident probability and accident severity. In addition, uncertainties that occur over time result in rapidly changing risks. The majority of existing approaches provide postevent warnings, so workers may not have sufficient time to prevent accidents once they are warned about the possibility. Thus, there is a need for mechanisms that can be used to assess safety risk regularity, predict worker risk levels, and provide proactive warnings based on the comprehensive consideration of the impacts of worker behaviors and environments. To address these issues, a safety prediction model was proposed for use, and an active warning mechanism was constructed for construction workers. The prediction model performs accident potential regularity analysis based on attribute-based safety risk analysis and precursor analysis. Further, it quantifies worker risk levels using decision matrix risk assessment (DMRA) and the gray absolute decision analysis (GADA) method. The model overcomes the limitation of using the same weights in DMRA to assess accident probability and severity. An active warning mechanism for construction workers was created to validate the efficacy of the safety prediction model, and the proposed safety prediction model is embedded in the mechanism. The mechanism mainly consists of three modules: (1) a data collection module that mainly includes expert knowledge and dynamic safety information from surveillance cameras; (2) a data analysis module that mainly uses the proposed safety prediction model to predict individual worker risk levels; and (3) an early warning module that displays the predicted risk levels, dynamically ranks risk indicators, and provides corresponding early warning measures. Finally, the feasibility and operability of the proposed active warning mechanism are demonstrated through a practical case study.

Risk assessment of safety level in university laboratories using questionnaire and Bayesian network

Accidents in university laboratories not only create a great threat to students’ safety but bring significant negative social impact. This paper investigates the university laboratory safety in China using questionnaire and Bayesian network (BN) analysis. Sixteen influencing factors for building the Bayesian net were firstly identified. A questionnaire was distributed to graduate students at 60 universities in China to acquire the probability of safe/unsafe conditions for sixteen influencing factors, based on which the conditional probability of four key factors (human, equipment and material, environment, and management) was calculated using the fuzzy triangular theory and expert judgment. The determined conditional probability was used to develop a Bayesian network model for the risk analysis of university laboratory safety and identification of the main reasons behind the accidents. Questionnaire results showed that management problems are prominent due to insufficient safety education training and weak management level of management personnel. The calculated unsafe state probability was found to be 65.2%. In the BN analysis, the human factor was found to play the most important role, followed by equipment and material factor. Sensitive and inferential analysis showed that the most sensitive factors are personnel incorrect operation, illegal operation, and experiment equipment failure. Based on the analysis, countermeasures were proposed to improve the safe management and operation of university laboratories.

Spatial-temporal analysis of safety risks in trajectories of construction workers based on complex network theory

Understanding the traffic patterns of construction workers on high-risk construction sites is important for implementing behaviour-based safety management. However, safety risks in worker trajectories are a complex system with high uncertainty. This resulted in few studies focusing on analysing the spatial–temporal risk in workers' trajectories from a systematic perspective. This study designs a new framework to explore the spatial–temporal patterns of safety risks in the trajectories of construction workers based on complex network theory. First, an integrated site safety risk classification method by combining hazard sources and group trajectory distribution is developed to accurately describe the spatial distribution of site risks. Second, a new complex network chronnet is used to construct complex networks containing risk information for spatial–temporal analysis. Finally, key risk areas and risk transition patterns are identified through the analysis of network measures. The study also developed a computational program that allows the network to be constructed and analysed in real-time. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified through a case study. The results show that the method can reveal the risk distribution at the micro level, and explore the risk clustering and transition features in worker trajectories at the macro level. The study allows for an accurate analysis of dynamic risk patterns in construction workers' trajectories from a systematic perspective. It can also provide theoretical and practical support for personalized and adaptive behaviour-based safety management for construction workers.

Study on probabilistic safety assessment in decommissioning of nuclear power plant

The decommissioning of Nuclear power plant involves many activities different from the normal operation stage of Nuclear power plant. In the process of decommissioning, there are many new safety problems, which usually require new safety evaluation. The safety management of decommissioning runs through the whole decommissioning stage until the decommissioning of the plant site is completed. The management level depends on the risk level of each stage of decommissioning, especially the decommissioning process of high radioactivity in nuclear power plant, so it is necessary to pay attention to the risk of different stages of decommissioning and improve the decommissioning safety management. At present, probabilistic safety assessment method has become an effective tool to support and supplement deterministic safety assessment, and is used in regulatory activities. The safety risk analysis of nuclear power plant in the decommissioning stage in China is in the initial stage, with little experience. Therefore, it is necessary to study the corresponding technical methods and risk management applications. This paper study on the probabilistic safety assessment in the decommissioning of nuclear power plant, including its scope of application, risk-informed assessment method and safety management application. The probabilistic safety assessment of decommissioning of nuclear power plant is an effective means to evaluate the potential risks related to decommissioning activities and their possible consequences. This method can be used for safety review and safety management in the decommissioning stage of nuclear power plant.

Functional safety assessment process for MITICA safety system in the ITER neutral beam test facility

The Safety System of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) aims to deal with all risks for people and environmental safety related to SPIDER and MITICA operation. A coordinating system, called Central Safety System (CSS), was designed to supervise safety-relevant systems, implement safety actions on the different plant units to guarantee the NBTF personnel safety and provide an effective human interface of the NBTF safety. The SPIDER CSS, the part of CSS dealing with SPIDER and NBTF shared items, is in operation, while the MITICA CSS is in the detailed design phase. The MITICA CSS will have the same architecture and principles as SPIDER CSS. A safety risk analysis was carried out based on a Hazard Identification (HAZID) methodology: MITICA plant was partitioned into 46 nodes, for each node possible hazards were identified based on a list drawn up from EN ISO 12100 standard and, after that, the risk assessment process was performed. As a result, the Safety Instrumented Functions (SIF) to be implemented in the MITICA CSS were defined. Through a Layer Of Protection Analysis (LOPA) approach, in accordance with the IEC 61511 standard, the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) was allocated to each SIF. This paper will describe the MITICA risk analysis process and present the relevant functional safety results for MITICA CSS implementation.

A Design for Safety (DFS) Framework for Automated Inspection Risks in Metro Stations by Integrating a Knowledge Base and Building Information Modeling

Safety issues have always been of great concern to the metro construction industry. Numerous studies have shown that safety issues are closely related to the design phase. Many safety problems can be solved or improved by developing the design. This study proposes a structured identification method for safety risks based on the metro design specifications, journal literature, and expert experience. A safety knowledge base (KB) for the design was established to realize safety knowledge sharing and reusing. The KB has been developed into Building Information Modeling (BIM) software as an inspection plug-in to achieve automated analysis and retrieval of safety risks. The designers are provided with a visualization of risk components to locate and improve the pre-control measures of the design. Subsequently, the process of design for safety (DFS) database creation was demonstrated with a metro station project, and the feasibility of applying the KB to safety checking in BIM was verified. In response to the inspection results, safety risks in the construction phases can be eliminated or avoided by standardizing and improving the design.

A Nontrivial Analysis of Patient Safety Risk from Parenteral Drug- and Medical Device-Borne Endotoxin.

A thorough and systematic analysis of potential endotoxin-related safety issues from parenteral drugs and devices is important to ensure appropriate current Good Manufacturing Practices, compendial requirements, standards and regulatory guidance. Lately, the US Food and Drug Administration has been expecting pharmaceutical firms to apply an arbitrary safety factor to compendial compliant drug specifications for endotoxin, potentially causing manufacturing challenges, supply issues and additional unwarranted costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate data from three disparate sources over an extended period of time, from 2008 to 2021, to determine if there exists an industry-wide risk to patients from parenteral drugs and devices, thereby evaluating if changes to current Good Manufacturing Practices or compendial requirements are indeed warranted. Food and Drug Administration data from current Good Manufacturing Practices non-compliance observations, product recalls and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System were used as the three sources of data. Parenteral products were separated into drugs and devices, potential endotoxin-related patient safety issues were characterised in terms of the available non-compliance information, the type and number of product recalls, and the type and number of potential adverse events. Descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel 2019 and Pivot tables were used for the analysis and presentation of the data. From 2011 to 2021, a total of 188 endotoxin-related current Good Manufacturing Practices compliance observations were recorded, 70% and 30% were associated with laboratory and manufacturing origins, respectively. Finished drug product testing accounted for 56% of these. In contrast, 95% of all endotoxin-related product recalls were associated solely with medical devices. Over the years 2008-2021, approximately 1.4% of all adverse events (23,663,780) were recorded with some reference to pyrexia (fever); however, there are sparse data categorically attributing this to the administration of parenteral drugs or devices or combinations of these possessing high levels of endotoxin. Analysis of data concerning drug- and device-borne endotoxin obtained from FDA data from current Good Manufacturing Practices non-compliance observations, product recalls and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System demonstrated the absence of industry-wide issues with endotoxin contamination. Based upon these data, changes to current Good Manufacturing Practices and the compendial methodology of setting endotoxin specifications (and hence the compendial methodology of testing for endotoxins) are unwarranted.

Motorcyclist Safety Risk and Attitude to Using Helmet

The quantity of motor-bikers has dramatically expanded in Bangladesh, with the presentation of the ridesharing business. Consequently, crashes involving a motorcycle with fatalities and injuries are also increasing. One of the proven most effective safety measures for a biker is the use of a helmet. But there is no study on the use of helmets and the attitude of users to use the helmet. This research conducts an in-depth analysis of motorcycle safety risk using reported crash records as well as a comprehensive questionnaire survey among the bikers. The study also explores helmet usage attitude and evaluates the standard of the helmet being used. Overall, around 72% self-proclaimed they do not do wrong practice while riding a motorcycle. However, more than one-fourth of motorcycle drivers/riders misbehave or ill practice at different levels either often or always. Concern authorities could gainfully use the findings to develop motorcycle risk management strategies. Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 11-20

餐饮企业安全风险分析及防控对策

餐饮企业安全风险分析及防控对策

The Role and Application of Food Safety Risk Analysis in Food Quality Management

The Role and Application of Food Safety Risk Analysis in Food Quality Management

Research on Construction Safety Risk of Prefabricated Construction Project

With the development of the construction industry and the vigorous promotion of national policies, prefabricated buildings have developed rapidly. Compared with traditional buildings, prefabricated buildings have the characteristics of fast construction, low cost and low pollution. The construction of prefabricated buildings has higher requirements for constructors and is more difficult to obtain professional skills. In particular, safety accidents are prone to occur during the hoisting of prefabricated components, resulting in casualties and economic losses. The safety risk in the construction of prefabricated buildings has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper focuses on the safety risk analysis from the four aspects of manufacturing, transportation, storage and on-site assembly of prefabricated components in the construction process of prefabricated buildings, and gives the corresponding safety risk prevention measures.

Analysis of LNG Storage Tank Safety: A Comprehensive Model Approach with ANP and Normal Cloud

Global energy shortages continue in the post-epidemic era. As clean primary energy, LNG plays an important role in the energy structure adjustment. However, with the widespread use of LNG, storage tank leaks occur frequently. In order to highlight the risk status of critical risk areas of LNG tank leakage, the “Five-high” risk system for the LNG industry, with high-risk locations, high-risk equipment, high-risk processes, high-risk personnel, and high-risk substances as first-level elements, was built. Combined with the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and normal cloud model for quantitative analysis, a safety risk analysis and assessment model for LNG storage tanks based on the ANP-normal cloud model was developed. Safety analysis was conducted with the example of an LNG storage tank area of a factory. The results show that the risk level for LNG tank leakage is level IV, with high-risk equipment being the first-level element with the highest weight and risk. The reliability of the comprehensive model was verified by AHP and fuzzy integrated analysis, and the results were basically consistent with the factory safety evaluation report. The study realizes the quantitative and visual analysis considering the correlation of risk elements and provides a new quantitative method for the safety analysis of LNG energy.

Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety Risks In The Manufacturing Industry With The Hirarc Method at PT. X

Batching plant is better known as a concrete processing plant, all of the tools are specially designed to mix or combine materials to form concrete. Sources of potential hazards that exist in the work environment are caused by the batching plant machine, the use of heavy equipment transportation, and office areas. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential hazards that could occur in the work environment to carry out control or prevention at PT. X. This research was a quantitative descriptive study, to analyze occupational health and safety risks using the HIRARC method. The number of respondents was 4 people including management, SHE (Safety Health and Environment), and 2 operators of PT. X's batching plant. The variables of this research are risk identification, risk assessment, and risk control. The instruments used were observation, document review, and interviews using risk analysis guidelines with the HIRARC method. The results of this study indicate that the potential risks that could occur in the work environment include 14 work processes that could cause as many as 31 hazards with 42 potential hazards. The results of the research findings of hazard were grouped into 4 risk ratings, at a very high-risk rating there were 0 risks, at a high-risk rating there were 8 risks, at a medium risk rating there were 27 risks, and at a low-risk rating, there were 7 risks. Based on the result, it could be stated that this study, is the implementation of risk analysis using the HIRARC method as an effort to prevent potential hazards that could occur in the work environment at PT. X can be controlled by installing OHS signs, training workers, machine maintenance, maintaining the workplace/supervision at work, using equipment and working methods in safe conditions, providing PPE (masks, gloves, catelpak /vests, helmets, earmuffs/earplugs), involve competent workers to make a risk analysis with HIRARC

Enhanced safety prediction of vault settlement in urban tunnels using the pair-copula and Bayesian network

To analyze and study the key control factors of the risk of vault deformation in tunnels excavated at small clear distances, a risk assessment method based on a pair-copula Bayesian network (PCBN) model is proposed. Based on an analysis of the factors affecting the settlement of the vault of an excavated tunnel, an index system for the risk assessment of the vault settlement is established. A PCBN model based on a pair-copula function and BN can effectively deal with the complex risk system and the correlation problems within the risk system. Using the constructed PCBN model, a risk analysis of the dome settlement caused by the excavation in the Donghu Tuanshan tunnel in Wuhan is carried out, and the risk status of the dome settlement of the tunnel is determined to be basically safe. It can be determined from this research that a pair-copula correlation concept combined with a BN retains the strength of both concepts, and a safety risk analysis method for the settlement of tunnel vaults based on the PCBN model is proposed to perform real-time and effective safety risk assessment and provide decision support for the shield construction stage. Through a correlation analysis of the risk indicators of the risk system, it is determined that the risk indicators that have the most significant impact on the deformation of the vault are the state of the groundwater, the complexity of the construction environment, the soil quality of the tunnel arch bottom, and the soil quality of the tunnel vault. These risk indicators are used as key risk indicators for decision-making. Based on this method, decision-making suggestions for reducing the risk of vault deformation are proposed. Good results are achieved in project implementation, and safety management of the vault deformation of a small clear excavated tunnel is provided.

MENURUNKAN POTENSI RESIKO KECELAKAAN KERJA MENGGUNAKAN METODE SWIFT (THE STRUCTURED WHAT IF TECHNIQUE) DI LINI PROSES FORGING

Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety Risks in Forging Forging Lines Using the SWIFT (The Structured What If) Method At PT. XYZ. PT. XYZ is a manufacturing company engaged in the production of household appliances such as spoons, forks and knives. During the second quarter of 2021, the number of work accident cases that occurred was 10 cases. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct research that aims to minimize the risk of hazards that occur in the forging line using the SWIFT method. The results of the study contained 13 potential hazards with a classification based on the RRN value of 2 including low priority categories, 6 medium priority categories, 5 risks in the main priority categories. The improvement recommendations given can reduce the risk of work accidents from the previous 13 risks of work accidents with categories of 2 mild risk, 6 moderate risk, and 5 severe risk, now to 2 mild risk, 11 moderate risk and 0 severe risk.