Safety Regulations Research Articles

Automated Safety Risk Assessment Framework by Integrating Safety Regulation and 4D BIM-Based Rule Modeling

Automated Safety Risk Assessment Framework by Integrating Safety Regulation and 4D BIM-Based Rule Modeling

Seafarer competency analysis: Data-driven model in restricted waters using Bayesian networks

Despite the efforts of maritime authorities to enhance seafarer competencies through the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), human error remains a leading cause of maritime accidents. To thoroughly investigate the impact of various human errors among seafarers on accidents, this paper aims to examine the relationships between seafarer competencies and maritime accidents using a data-driven approach from the perspective of bridge resource management (BRM). Through analysis of historical maritime accident reports, the dataset of seafarer competencies associated with maritime accidents is established. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method is employed to identify the critical seafarer competencies for accident prevention. Then, a data-driven Bayesian Network (BN) model, based on a Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) method, is constructed to reveal the relationship between seafarer competencies and accident types, which are validated by sensitivity analysis and case study. The results indicate that the key seafarer competencies for all maritime accidents are ‘Maneuvers’, ‘Amend/maintain ship course’, ‘Decision making’, ‘Cognitive capacity’, ‘Information’, ‘Procedure operations’, ‘Situational awareness’ and ‘Communication’. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of leveraging lessons learned from past accidents to mitigate risks and ensure safe maritime operations. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between seafarer competencies and accident types, unveiling the joint impact of different seafarer competencies on maritime accidents. This perspective offers valuable insights for maritime authorities in strengthening maritime safety regulations.

Health-risk assessment of mercury in main market-sold foods in the Pingliang region of Gansu province, China, from 2013 to 2021

In the present study, we analyzed mercury concentrations in 742 samples across five main food categories from 2013 to 2021 using direct mercury analysis (DMA) to understand mercury pollution in major market-sold foods in the Pingliang region of Gansu Province and assess the health risks of mercury dietary exposure in adults. Health risks of adult dietary exposure were assessed through deterministic evaluation. Total mercury content ranged from non-detectable (ND) to 0.13 mg/kg, with a detection rate of 90.70% (673/742), the highest detection rates being in fresh edible mushrooms and nuts. The overall exceedance rate was 0.13% (1/742), with one sample of fresh edible mushrooms exceeding the regulatory limit for total mercury content. Additionally, we incorporated the average mercury content and consumption levels of meat and seafood from regions geographically close to Pingliang, as reported in the Fifth National Total Diet Study, to calculate the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) by a deterministic evaluation. For adult males, the exposure was 0.120 μg/(kg BW), while for adult females, it was 0.141 μg/(kg BW). Both values are significantly lower than the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 4 μg/(kg BW) established by JECFA in 2010, indicating that the total mercury concentration from food intake does not pose a significant health risk to the residents of the Pingliang area. These findings offer valuable scientific data to inform food safety regulations in the region and can serve as a benchmark for future mercury pollution risk assessments in other locations.

Energy consumption and dilution of toxic gases in underground infrastructures: A case study in a railway tunnel under forced ventilation

Toxic fumes are released after blasting in underground excavations. The analysis of safe re-entry times into the work areas is essential for addressing safety and productivity concerns. In this paper, a railway tunnel 2.1 km long under forced ventilation system is selected as a case study to assess the energy consumption and re-entry times after blasting under different ventilation conditions. First, three-dimensional CFD numerical models were conducted in order to predict the migration time to reduce the levels of noxious gases below the limits established in safety regulations. Field measurements were conducted to verify the accuracy of the results obtained in the simulations. Then, additional analytical models were conducted to evaluate the energy consumed by the ventilation system. The results obtained show that the accumulated re-entry time reaches 414 h for the excavation of the tunnel employing an airflow rate of 40 m3 s−1. This time increases by 33 % when the airflow rate decreases to 30 m3 s−1. However, even though the time decreases when the ventilation volume increases, energy consumption increases significantly, reaching 1,306 MWh for a ventilation volume of 40 m3 s−1 compared to 551 MWh using an airflow of 30 m3 s−1.

Parametric optimization for estimating beta detection efficiency in thin plastic scintillation detector

A condenser air removal system plays a crucial role in radiation monitoring within nuclear power plants, specifically for detecting potential leaks of radioactive material from primary-to-secondary systems. This system assesses the leakage rate (LR) by measuring the emission of β particles from noble gases using a thin plastic scintillation (TPS) detector, which is specifically designed for counting purposes. Among the factors used in LR calculation, the detection efficiency (k) must be experimentally determined in advance. However, this is challenging because of the limitations posed by radiation safety regulations. Moreover, simulation-based calculations are difficult to achieve because only a portion of the β-ray energy is transferred in the TPS detectors, resulting in a lack of prior energy information. To overcome these challenges, this study employed a multi-objective parameter optimization technique to simultaneously calculate the parameters required for the β-ray detection response function and energy calibration equation. Subsequently, k values were calculated using the optimization results. The optimization performance was demonstrated by comparing the measured spectra of the TPS detector with the spectra obtained from the Monte Carlo N-particle simulation. Furthermore, we confirmed that the calculated k values agreed with the reference values.

Evaluating the effects of safety incentives on worker safety behavior control through image-based activity classification.

Construction worker safety remains a major concern even as task automation increases. Although safety incentives have been introduced to encourage safety compliance, it is still difficult to accurately measure the effectiveness of these measures. A simple count of accident rates and lower numbers do not necessarily mean that workers are properly complying with safety regulations. To address this problem, this study proposes an image-based approach to monitor moment-by-moment worker safety behavior and evaluate the effects of different safety incentive scenarios. By capturing workers' safety behaviors using a model integrated with OpenPose and spatiotemporal graph convolutional network, this study evaluated the effects of safety-incentive scenarios on workers' compliance with rules while on the job. The safety incentive scenarios in this study were designed as 1) varying the type (i.e., providing rewards and penalties) of incentives and 2) varying the frequency of feedback about ones' own compliance status during tasks. The effects of the scenarios were compared to the average compliance rates of three safety regulations (i.e., personal protective equipment self-monitoring hazard avoidance, and arranging the safety hook) for each scenario. The results show that 1) rewarding a good-compliance is more effective when there is no feedback on compliance status, and 2) penalizing non-compliance is more effective when there are three feedbacks during the tasks. This study provides a more accurate assessment of safety incentives and their effectiveness by focusing on safe behaviors to promote safety compliance among construction workers.

PEGylation in Pharmaceutical Development: Current Status and Emerging Trends in Macromolecular and Immunotherapeutic Drugs.

The purpose of the research is to examine the advantages and difficulties of target-site drug delivery methods, with an emphasis on the application of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance drug solubility, bioavailability, and immune response characteristics. It has been demonstrated that this method lowers immunogenicity, enhances pharmacokinetics, and helps drugs pass the blood-brain barrier while reducing reticuloendothelial system clearance. PEG and its derivatives are being used more and more to alter therapeutic substances, offering an escape from some of the drawbacks of conventional medication formulations. In the review, different PEGylation tactics are examined, including cutting-edge methods for reversing multi-drug resistance in nanocarriers. PEGylation has a number of benefits, but there are still drawbacks, including the immunogenic reaction to PEG, which is sometimes referred to as "anti-PEG antibodies," and stability problems that call for the creation of countermeasures. The study devotes a large amount of its space to listing FDA-approved PEGylated medications, emphasizing their therapeutic advantages and clinical uses in a range of medical specialties. The research also explores the regulatory environment that surrounds PEG, closely examining its effectiveness and safety in medication compositions. The review goes beyond PEGylation and includes lipid-based nanocarriers, including liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Because these nanocarriers can target specific tissues or cells, improve bioavailability, and encapsulate pharmaceuticals, they are becoming more and more significant in drug delivery systems. The Target Product Profile (TPP) and Quality by Design (QbD) principles serve as the foundation for the creation and characterization of these lipid-based systems. These tools direct the methodical assessment of material properties and risk assessments during the formulation phase. This method guarantees that the finished product satisfies the appropriate requirements for efficacy, safety, and quality. The regulatory status and safety profile of nano lipid carriers are covered in the paper's conclusion, which emphasizes the importance of careful examination and oversight in bringing these cutting-edge products to market. Overall, this thorough analysis highlights the revolutionary potential of lipid-based nanocarriers and PEGylation in improving drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy, but it also draws attention to the continued difficulties and legal issues that need to be resolved in order to fully reap the benefits of these technologies in biomedicine.

Safety evaluation of Indocalamus Iatifolius McClure leaves based on acute toxicity, harmful metals, and 9 organochlorine residue determination

To investigate the safety of Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves sold in the market, a study was conducted using Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves randomly collected from an online store and a large supermarket. Acute toxicity experiments were performed on mice, and their body weight was monitored for 14 days after administration. After the observation period, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and organ pathology was examined. Then, the content of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and the residues of nine organochlorine pesticides in Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves were measured according to the National Food Safety Standard (GB/T5009-2003) and the pesticide residue determination methods in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results showed that the mice in the Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves (online store) group experienced mortality and severe liver and lung damage. The levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and the nine organochlorine pesticides met the relevant standards and regulations. However, the copper content in the Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves (online store) group was nearly 80 times higher than that in the supermarket group. Mice in the Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves (supermarket) group remained healthy without any abnormalities, and the levels of harmful metals and organochlorine pesticides complied with the standards and regulations. The study suggests the need for regulatory policies and safety standards for the sale of Indocalamu Iatifolius McClur leaves.

Juridical Analysis of The Role of The Sea and Coast Guard in Improving Maritime Security and The Environment

Maritime security and environmental protection in Indonesian waters, especially in Tanjung Uban, are strategic issues considering the high level of shipping activities and potential threats to marine ecosystems. This study focuses on the juridical analysis of the role of the Marine and Coast Guard Unit (KPLP) in improving maritime security and environmental protection, with a case study at the Tanjung Uban Class II Marine and Coast Guard Base. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the duties and functions of the KPLP based on the existing legal framework, identify the obstacles faced, and provide recommendations to improve the performance of the KPLP. The research method used is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, including document studies, field observations, and interviews with related parties. The results of the study show that although KPLP Tanjung Uban has a strong legal foundation, the implementation of their duties and functions is still not optimal. The main obstacles include limited resources such as adequate personnel and equipment, lack of continuous training which results in low personnel competence, and ineffective coordination with related agencies such as the Indonesian Navy and Bakamla. The low awareness and compliance with safety and environmental regulations among maritime industry players also exacerbates the situation. Based on these findings, this study provides several suggestions. For KPLP, an increase in the budget is needed for the procurement of resources and equipment, as well as continuous training for personnel. For the public, especially ship owners and other users of waters, it is important to increase awareness and compliance with maritime and environmental regulations through active participation in education and socialization programs. Meanwhile, the government must strengthen coordination between relevant agencies through the establishment of regular coordination forums and integrated information systems, to ensure better synergy in surveillance, law enforcement, and emergency response in the waters of Tanjung Uban. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to improving maritime security and environmental protection in Indonesia, as well as becoming a reference for the development of more effective policies and strategies in the management of water areas

Evaluation of wood chips terminal velocity and some morphological properties in a wind tunnel experiment

AbstractThe removal of wood dust and chips from the work area is also important for occupational health safety regulation and to avoid the risk of fire and dust explosion. Knowledge of the terminal velocity is an important condition for the effective and economical operation of commonly used wood dust-chip extraction systems. While the largest particles are important from the point of view of the operation of the extraction system, knowledge of the terminal velocity of small particles (under 1 mm) is desirable from the point of view of separation and occupational health safety. New measuring and calculation method is developed in order to determine the terminal velocity of wood particles. We built an experimental device to measure the terminal velocity of wood dust-chip particles, and using the experimental results, we modified the calculated terminal velocity based on the modified equivalent particle density (100–130 kg/m3) in the 1–150 μm size range. The terminal velocity of wood particles under 150 μm more and more deviates from the theoretical values. As a result of mechanical processing, the resulting wood particles’ shape is in most cases flat. The average thickness of the wood particles is mainly determined by the sawing parameters. The flat shape of particles increases the specific surface area in a certain extent depending on the distribution parameters.

Low-Voltage Control Circuits of Formula Student Electric Racing Cars

Formula Student (FS) competitions aim to prepare and encourage engineering students to participate in the progression of automotive and motorsport industries. The built racing cars adhere to strict regulations set by competition guidelines to ensure the safety of both teams and spectators. For electric racing cars, the high-voltage (HV) battery system usually operates within a voltage range between 100 V to 600 V to supply the motor and its controller with the required electrical power. It is essential to ensure that these components are operating effectively to minimize battery and motor current as well as to ensure efficient and reliable performance throughout the race. A low-voltage control system (LVCS), usually operating at 12 V, is used to coordinate a wide array of critical operational and safety functions to control the HV system. These functions include: (1) turning on/off procedures, (2) monitoring speed, voltage, and current, (3) interfacing with pedals, (4) controlling dashboard features, (5) managing lighting, (6) facilitating data communication, and (7) implementing safety protocols. The design and operation of the LVCS are crucial for compliance with safety regulations and enhancing the FS electric racing car (FSERC) performance. This details and discusses the design procedures of the LVCS, using the Lancaster E-Racing (LER) FSERC as a case study. The LER car employs a 400 V battery system to power a 68-kW permanent manet synchronous motor (PMSM) using a three-phase voltage source inverter. Using mathematical analysis, SIMULINK/MATLAB® computer simulations, and the experimental real-data results provided by the LER FSERC, this study seeks to offer valuable insights regarding the LVCS practical implementation and optimization.

Assessment of the Human Factors Influences on Maritime Accidents in Tanzania: A Case of Dar Es-Salaam-Zanzibar Route

The research centered on assessing the influence of human factors and associated environmental and job factors on maritime accidents in Tanzania. It pursued three specific objectives: identifying mostly human factors contributing to accidents among maritime professionals, examining challenges affecting their attention to maritime accidents, and proposing strategies tomitigate these factors. The research employed various analyses, including descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and thematic analysis, to achieve its objectives. The study acknowledged that the frequency of occurrence of maritime accidents in Tanzania had remained constant, yet there was a potential for an increase if interventions would not be effectively implemented to address underlying causes. While individual human factors generally had a low influence on maritime accidents, specific factors such as the use of illicit drugs and alcohol, fatigue while performing duties, communication barriers, and non-adherence to safety regulations emerged assignificant contributors. Similarly, human-related challenges had a low influence on the occurrence of maritime accidents in Tanzania. However, their collective influence on maritime accidents highlights the need for inclusive interventions against them. Specifically, density of seatraffic, communication failures between crew members and shore operators, pressures from bosses, and conflicting maritime regulations were noted to be significant challenges that could determine occurrence of maritime accidents. Strategies proposed for lowing maritime accidents in the country were: such as strict enforcement of maritime regulations, ensuring personnel remain well-informed about maritime safety, enhancing communication channels, establishing a safe working environment, observing speed limits, and conducting regular vessel maintenance.

Orthopedic injuries due to hoverboard use, reported in the NEISS database, 2015–2022

IntroductionHoverboards are a popular means of recreation in the United States and are associated with significant injury risk, leading to recent efforts to improve their safety. Prior studies on hoverboard-related injuries were either conducted prior to implementation of safety regulations, consisted of short study intervals, or did not place a focus on injuries as they pertain to the orthopedic specialist. The purpose of this study is to provide an updated assessment of the epidemiology of orthopedic hoverboard-related injuries presenting to US emergency departments. Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis from 2015 to 2022 of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was conducted, limited to product codes detailing hoverboard-related injuries leading to emergency department visits. Diagnoses of interest included fractures, dislocations, contusions/abrasions, and strains/sprains. Diagnoses were further broken down to analyze anatomic region affected. National estimates (NE) were calculated using survey methods. One-way ANOVA and chi square tests were used to test for changes over time in injuries, age, and gender. Results4,718 total hoverboard-related injuries were captured, with a national estimate of 154,121. The majority of patients were under 18 years old (79.6 %; P < 0.001) and female (52.5 %; P = 0.038). Orthopedic injuries accounted for 68.6 % of the total, with no significant year-by-year change in this proportion (P = 0.069). Fractures were the most common orthopedic injury (64.2 %), followed by contusions/abrasions (20.2 %), strains/sprains (14.6 %), and dislocations (1.0 %). Most fractures affected the forearm (33.8 %) followed by the wrist (29.2 %). Injuries peaked in 2018 (NE = 25,192) and 2020 (NE = 24,958), followed by a decline in incidence more recently. ConclusionHoverboard-related injuries continue to be a common presentation to US emergency departments, though injury rates appear to be decreasing. Orthopedic injuries consistently account for the majority of hoverboard-related injuries reporting to emergency departments, with fractures of the forearm and wrist being most common. Continued efforts toward improving safety measures regarding hoverboard use are warranted.

Using Logistics Companies to Regulate Online Food Safety: Feasibility and Impacts Based on Social Cogovernance in China

China’s traditional governance model, featuring localized management by local governments, has been unable to effectively manage the increasing cross-regional flow of food safety risks caused by the emerging trends in online food consumption. This weakness highlights the urgent need to reform the online food safety regulation mechanism. To support this effort, this study uses the social cogovernance framework to investigate the effects of regulation by logistics companies on the behavioral strategy choices of sellers and the social cogovernance level. This study constructs a three-party evolutionary game model among online food sellers, platforms, and logistics companies authorized by the government to regulate online food safety. The equilibrium points are verified by Matlab numerical simulation, and the relationship between equilibrium points and social cogovernance level is also examined. The results show that (1) The probability of sampling inspection, financial penalties imposed by the government, financial subsidies, and financial penalties within the supply chain influence logistics companies in fulfilling their responsibilities for regulating online food safety; (2)Utilizing logistics companies to regulate online food safety has a restraining effect on sellers’ risky behaviors, effectively mitigating online food safety risks;.(3)Different equilibrium points in the system represent varying levels of social cogovernance, and leveraging logistics companies to regulate challenging online food safety can enhance the system’s social cogovernance level. Based on these results, this study supports the feasibility and impacts of utilizing logistics companies to regulate online food safety.

Thoroughbred Horse Racing Safety Regulations

Horse racing faces many challenges in modern-day society and the once famous “sport of kings” is in danger of becoming a thing of the past. In the United States alone, the horse industry contributes more than $122 billion to the economy annually (Bull, 2023). Horse racing contributes over $30 billion and is one of the largest entertainment and sporting industries (Bull, 2023). However, the sport is facing major challenges with concerns for the safety of its equine and human participants. Horse racing's future depends on the safety of horses and jockeys, the implementation of new technology to improve the industry, and an evaluation of the impact of both new and existing regulations on the sport.

From Lab to Table: Food Safety Regulations for Cell-Cultured Meat in the European Union and Singapore - Implications for Vietnam

From Lab to Table: Food Safety Regulations for Cell-Cultured Meat in the European Union and Singapore - Implications for Vietnam

Determination of 13 perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances in fishes by QuEChERS-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are compounds characterized by at least one perfluorinated carbon atom in an alkyl chain linked to side-chain groups. Owing to their unique chemical properties, these compounds are widely used in industrial production and daily life. However, owing to anthropogenic activities, sewage discharge, surface runoff, and atmospheric deposition, PFASs have gradually infiltrated the environment and aquatic resources. With their gradual accumulation in environmental waters, PFASs have been detected in fishes and several fish-feeding species, suggesting that they are bioconcentrated and even amplified in aquatic organisms. PFASs exhibit high intestinal absorption efficiencies, and they bioaccumulate at higher trophic levels in the food chain. They can be bioconcentrated in the human body via food (e. g., fish) and thus threaten human health. Therefore, establishing an efficient analytical technique for use in analyzing PFASs in typical fish samples and providing technical support for the safety regulation and risk assessment of fish products is necessary. In this study, by combining solvent extraction and magnetic dispersion-solid phase extraction (d-SPE), an improved QuEChERS method with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 13 PFASs in fish samples. Fe3O4-TiO2 can be used as an ideal adsorbent in the removal of sample matrix interference and a separation medium for the rapid encapsulation of other solids to be isolated from the solution. Based on the matrix characteristics of the fish products and structural properties of the target PFASs, Fe3O4-TiO2 and N-propyl ethylenediamine (PSA) were employed as adsorbents in dispersive purification. The internal standard method was used in the quantitative analyses of the PFASs. To optimize the sample pretreatment conditions of analyzing PFASs, the selection of the extraction solvent and amounts of Fe3O4-TiO2 and PSA were optimized. Several PFASs contain acidic groups that are non-dissociated in acidic environments, thus favoring their entry into the organic phase. In addition, acidified acetonitrile can denature and precipitate the proteins within the sample matrix, facilitating their removal. Finally, 2% formic acid acetonitrile was used as the extraction solvent, and 20 mg Fe3O4-TiO2, 20 mg PSA and 120 mg anhydrous MgSO4 were used as purification adsorbents. Under the optimized conditions, the developed method exhibited an excellent linearity (R≥0.9973) in the range of 0.01-50 μg/L, and the limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.001-0.023 and 0.003-0.078 μg/L, respectively. The recoveries of the 13 PFASs at low, medium, and high spiked levels (0.5, 10, and 100 μg/kg) were 78.1%-118%, with the intra- and inter-day precisions of 0.2%-11.1% and 0.8%-8.7%, respectively. This method was applied in analyzing real samples, and PFASs including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid, perfluorododecanoic acid, and perfluorotridecanoic acid, were detected in all 11 samples evaluated. This method is simple, sensitive, and suitable for use in analyzing PFASs in fish samples.

Community effects associated with sunflower oil production: systematic review

Abstract This systematic review explores the multifaceted landscape of community issues in the context of sunflower oil production. As a crucial component of the agro-industrial sector, sunflower oil production significantly contributes to global edible oil supplies. However, the socio-economic dynamics within communities engaged in this industry are complex and warrant a comprehensive examination. The study synthesises existing literature to identify community issues around sunflower oil production by following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. This study extracted 68 articles from the Scopus database relating the diverse impacts of sunflower oil production on communities. It resulted in 10 articles to analyse, focusing on health and socio-economic dynamics. A review of 10 relevant articles revealed that most of the reviewed studies indicate positive effects in terms of health outcomes. Especially in resource-constrained settings, sunflower oil distribution contributes to improved infant care. However, a notable exception exists in a Mexican case where toxic substances were found in the breast milk of mothers consuming sunflower oil, emphasising the importance of safety regulations in production. On the socio-economic front, limited research exists, with only two articles addressing this aspect. Nevertheless, these studies highlight the potential for job creation and positive environmental outcomes associated with sunflower oil production.

WITHDRAWN: Elemental content and safety evaluation of wild-harvested Australian abalone (Haliotis spp.) viscera: addressing safety concerns in food waste upcycling.

Abalone viscera has shown to be a valuable human nutraceutical, yet the food safety considerations of consuming whole abalone viscera have been largely overlooked. Hence, this research was conducted to investigate and evaluate elemental compositions and safety of it. The elemental data was compared to international food safety regulations and evaluated using the USEPA hazard index (HI) equation and HI-derived estimated upper limit (EDUL) equation, which EDUL allows comparison of novel foods with a large variety of similar existing products. To further demonstrate that food safety of upcycled food could be improved with simple processing, a risk mitigation trial was conducted. The results indicated that whilst heavy metal levels (mg/kg) and HI were shown to reach unsatisfactory food safety levels, this exceedance was likely caused by overestimation in daily consumption. The EDUL results supported this explanation and demonstrated that abalone viscera posed no safety concern even when eaten in quantities similar to common shellfish. The risk mitigation trial was as well successful, demonstrating up to 32 % reduction in HI. The findings identified options to evaluate and improve safety of novel food and can be a case study to evaluate, understand and overcome food safety challenges in other upcycled food.

Further Exploration of Criminal Misconduct in Food Safety Regulation: Considering the Perspective of Legal Interests

Further Exploration of Criminal Misconduct in Food Safety Regulation: Considering the Perspective of Legal Interests