Safety Principles Research Articles

Assessment of Handling Practices of Fresh Vegetable Salads in Restaurants and Street Vendors: A Case of Mwanza City, Tanzania

Food safety is crucial for promoting public health and economic development. Food service establishments (FSE) provide a wide range of foods, including raw, mild and well-heat treated. Raw or mild-heat treated foods like fresh vegetable salads, Kachumbari, are potentially risky if not well handled. The objective of this study was to assess handling practices of operators involved in the preparation and serving of Kachumbari in various FSE in Mwanza City, Tanzania. A cross sectional study involving thirty food handlers from 10 restaurants and 20 street food vending sites was conducted in April 2023. A semi-structured questionnaire and observation checklist were used to collect data. Results indicated that 93.3% lacked formal food handling training, and 66.7% did not prioritize clean-as-you-go practices for food safety. Moreover, 53.3% felt that wearing clean clothes when handling food was not important, and only 26.6% underwent annual medical checkups. Moreover, the majority of the handlers (66.7%) demonstrated a poor understanding of food safety principles and procedures. Based on these findings, we recommend regular trainings on best handling practices among food handlers, coupled with inspections and supervision by relevant government authorities, to ensure that food prepared in FSE in Mwanza City and Tanzania as a whole is safe for human consumption.

NUWARD SMR safety approach and licensing objectives for international deployment

Drawing on the deep experience and understanding of the principles of nuclear safety, as well as many years of nuclear power plant design and operation, the EDF led NUWARD SMR Project is developing a design for a Small Modular Reactor (SMR) of 340 MWe composed of two 170 MWe independent units, that will supplement the offering of high-output nuclear reactors, especially in response to specific needs such as replacement of fossil-fuelled power plants. NUWARD SMR is a mix of proven and innovative design features that will make it more commercially competitive, while integrating safety features that comply with the highest international standards. Following the principles of redundancy and diversity and rigorous application of Defence in Depth (DID), with an international view on nuclear safety licensing, the Project also incorporates new safety approaches into its design development.The NUWARD SMR Project has been in development for a number of years, it entered conceptual design formally in mid-2019 and entered Basic Design in 2023. The objective of the concept design phase was to confirm the project technological choices and to define the first design configuration of the NUWARD SMR product, to document it, in order to launch pre-licensing with the French Safety Authority (ASN) and to define its estimated cost and its subsequent development and construction schedules. As a delivery milestone the Safety Options file (called the Dossier d’Options de Sûreté (DOS)) has been submitted to ASN in July 2023 for their opinion.An integral part of the NUWARD SMR Project, is not only to deliver a design suitable for France and to satisfy French regulation, but to develop a product suitable and indeed desirable, for the international market, with a first focus in Europe. In order to achieve its objectives and realise its market potential, the NUWARD SMR Project needs to define and realise its safety approach within an international environment and that is the key subject of this paper. The following paper:• Summarises the foundation principles and technological background which underpin the design;•Contextualises the key design features with regard to the international safety regulatory framework with particular emphasis on innovative passive safety aspects;•Illustrates the Project activities in preparation for first licensing in France, and also a wider international view via the ASN led Joint Early Review of the NUWARD SMR design, including Finnish and Czech Republic regulators, recently joined by the Swedish, Polish and Dutch regulators;•Articulates the collaborative approach to design development from involvement with the Project partners (the Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Naval Group, TechnicAtome, Framatome and Tractebel) to the establishment of the International NUWARD Advisory Board (INAB), to gain greater international insight and advice;•Concludes with the focus on next steps into detailed design development, standardisation of the design and its simplification to enhance its commercial competitiveness in a context of further harmonisation of the nuclear safety and licensing requirements and aspirations.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HACCP QUALITY SYSTEM FOR AMANDINA CAKE

The application of HACCP for confectionery products is compatible with the implementation of quality management systems, from the SR EN ISO 9001, 2001 series and with food safety management from the SR EN ISO 2200, 2005 series. HACCP was applied to all stages of obtaining Amandina cake starting from the storage of raw materials to the completion of the technological process, and its implementation was based on compliance with the principles of quality and safety in the food industry. In order to ensure the safety of the studied food, the HACCP implementation was carried out strictly respecting the implementation stages. The main purpose of applying the HACCP manual within the processing unit was to facilitate verification by the authorities and to promote local trade by increasing confidence in food safety. The detailed analysis of the requirements and the way of designing and implementing the HACCP system in the confectionery-pastry processing unit also aims to launch a model of the quality manual for a confectionery product appreciated by consumers, namely the Amandina cake.

Regular black hole from a confined spin connection in Poincaré gauge gravity

Within the asymptotic safety program, it is possible to construct renormalization group (RG) improved spacetimes by replacing the gravitational coupling G by its running counterpart G(k), and subsequently identifying the RG scale k with a physical distance scale. This procedure has been used to construct a regular Schwarzschild geometry, but it fails in the presence of a cosmological constant. This can only be avoided if the dimensionless cosmological constant has a trivial ultraviolet fixed point, but so far no such scenario has been encountered in quantum general relativity (with or without matter). In this Letter we provide a possible solution to this problem. In Poincaré gauge gravity an effective cosmological constant arises naturally, and if the non-Abelian Lorentz spin connection is asymptotically free, it generates a trivial ultraviolet fixed point for this cosmological constant. We thereby tentatively propose a nonsingular black hole consistent with the principles of asymptotic safety, embedded in Poincaré gauge gravity.

Dietetics Student Perceptions of Food Safety Communication to Vulnerable Populations: An International Study

Registered dietitians can play an important role in delivering food safety information to vulnerable population groups. Although dietetic students are reported to perceive food safety to be important for vulnerable population groups, little is known regarding their attitudes toward their role in the delivery of food safety information. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the perceptions of dietetic students regarding their role in food safety communication to vulnerable populations from three international institutions. A total of 208 dietetics students participated in the study from Columbus, Ohio, USA (n = 100), Cardiff, Wales, UK (n = 78), and Beirut, Lebanon (n = 30). Predominantly, the students in this study had positive attitudes toward the importance of food safety for vulnerable groups, although more students from Lebanon were skeptical that vulnerable patients were more susceptible to foodborne infections than the general populations (p < 0.001). Data indicated confidence and understanding of food safety principles and a willingness to learn more about food safety for these groups, however, some students in the UK (30%) and USA (31%) were not confident that they could effectively communicate food safety to vulnerable patients. Based on the findings in this and previous studies, adjustments are recommended to the requirements for food safety knowledge among dietetic students to include food safety counseling competency.

Development, Feasibility, and Knowledge Impact of a Massive Open Online Course on Radiation Safety: A Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study

This study reports the development of an innovative, interactive Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) teaching radiation safety principles in the vascular workplace, using stepwise e-learning with multiple choice question tests (MCQs), educational videos, and a serious game. The aim was to study the MOOC impact on radiation safety knowledge and assess its feasibility and acceptability. An international multicentre prospective study included team members active in the hybrid operating room. The MOOC was offered voluntarily via a secure online learning platform. A standardised MCQ test (15 questions) assessed radiation safety knowledge pre- and post-course (range 0 - 100%). Acceptability and feasibility were tested via the previously validated, Evaluating e-learning system success (EESS) model, using five point Likert scales. In eight centres across four countries, 150 of 203 invited endovascular team members consented. Over a seven week study period, surgeons (28%, including vascular surgery trainees and consultants), nurses (27%, including scrub, circulating and anaesthetic nurses), anaesthetists (43%, including trainees and consultants), and radiographers (3%) participated. Of those, 67% completed the course. The average radiation knowledge improved by 22.8% (95% CI 19.5 - 26.0%; p < .001) after MOOC completion, from 48% to 71% (standard deviation [SD] 14 and 15% respectively), requiring a mean time investment of 169 minutes (SD 89 minutes). In centres with a radiographer, mean knowledge gain after MOOC completion was significantly smaller (14%, SD 19% vs. 24%, SD 16%, p= .036). The course was deemed feasible and acceptable according to the EESS model with a total mean score of 3.68/5. This newly developed, multimodal MOOC was deemed feasible and effective across multiple international centres. The MOOC significantly contributes to radiation safety education of the entire endovascular team, improving radiation safety knowledge. The course may optimise workplace radiation safety behaviour and therefore enhance team and patient safety.

Review of SCWR research in Japan

SCWR (supercritical water cooled reactor) is one of the Generation IV reactors. This review summarizes the results of SCWR design concept development through numerical simulations carried out by the author-led team at the University of Tokyo and Waseda University from 1989 to 2014. They are core design, subchannel analysis, statistical thermal design, fuel rod design, development of fuel integrity criteria, plant system and heat balance, plant dynamics analysis, plant control, startup system, stability analysis, safety principle, safety criteria, safety analysis, transient subchannel analysis and fast reactor SCWR. A brief summary of experimental results on thermal hydraulics, materials and water chemistry follows. Discussion includes SCPR study by Japanese BWR manufacturers, comments on the 2005 INEEL SCWR report, misconceptions about SCWR and commercialization challenges. The SCWR is an innovation in light water reactors based on supercritical coal-fired power plant technology that has been in use worldwide for over half a century. This review covers most of the SCWR design and analysis. For researchers, it is a good subject to understand the design and analysis of light water reactors.

Evaluation of Regional Road Transport Safety Service Level With Edge Computing in Scalable Sensor and Actuator Networks

In contemporary society, road transport has assumed a pivotal role in the daily lives of individuals, with virtually everyone being a road user in one capacity or another. Unfortunately, a significant portion of road accidents stem from user negligence and a lack of awareness regarding road safety principles and regulations. The majority of these accidents are fundamentally a result of human errors, errors that could potentially be averted through the comprehensive utilization of technology. The integration of edge computing within actuator networks, combined with the scalability of sensors, holds the potential to proactively detect and prevent impending collisions. This cutting-edge approach not only accumulates and processes sensor-generated data but also employs it to mitigate the occurrence of road accidents. This discussion delves into the potential advantages offered by smart sensors and advanced technology, focusing on the enhancement of safety within transportation networks. The core attributes of these intelligent technologies facilitate the establishment of robust connectivity and the effective implementation of processes, ushering in an innovative era in the realm of road safety through smart technology.

Exploring the Impact of a Vicarious Learning Approach on Student Pharmacists' Professional Identity Formation Using a Simulated Pharmacist-Patient Encounter.

Purposefully developed professional identity formation (PIF) learning activities within the didactic curriculum provide crucial groundwork to complement PIF within authentic settings. The aim of this didactic exercise was to explore the impact upon student pharmacists' PIF after viewing, analyzing, and reflecting upon a simulated pharmacist-patient encounter (PPE). A 12 min role-play video was created, featuring a pharmacist counseling a standardized patient on a new medication regimen; foundational principles of medication safety, health literacy, social determinants of health, empathic communication, and motivational interviewing were included in the counseling, with some aspects intentionally performed well, others in need of improvement. Also included were the patient's varied reactions to the counseling. Students assumed the observer role and learned vicariously through viewing the PPE. Postactivity debriefs included justifying a foundational principle performed well by the pharmacist, and another in need of improvement, and a self-reflection essay expressing the impact of viewing the PPE on their PIF, from which extracts were thematically analyzed for impact. The main themes of the impact included increased awareness of counseling techniques, patient-friendly medical jargon, patient perspectives/empathy, positive and negative pharmacist role-modeling, and the value of the observer role. This PPE exercise enhanced PIF in terms of students thinking, acting, and feeling like a pharmacist, based on students' self-reflections, which most often referenced effective pharmacist-patient communication and enacting optimal patient care.

Problematics Of The Implementation Of Hajj And Umrah (Study Of Law Number 8 Of 2019 Concerning The Implementation Of Hajj And Umrah)

This research was conducted to find out the implementation of Hajj and Umrah according to Law Number 8 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Hajj and Umrah and to find out and provide solutions to problems with the implementation of Hajj and Umrah in Indonesia. Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam that must be performed by every Muslim who is physically, mentally, spiritually, socially, and financially capable and once in a lifetime. The implementation of Hajj is mandated by Law Number 8 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Hajj and Umrah (PIHU). In accordance with these laws and regulations, the organisation of the Hajj is the responsibility of the government. This is based on the consideration that the implementation of the Hajj is a national duty and involves the dignity and good name of the nation. The implementation of the Hajj in Indonesia as explained in article 2 and article 3 of Law Number 8 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Hajj and Umrah, that the Implementation of the Hajj is carried out based on the principles of sharia, trust, justice, benefit, benefit, safety, security, professionalism, transparency, and accountability. The normative legal research method is focused on analysing legal documents and applying a library research approach to Law Number 8 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Hajj and Umrah. Qualitatively analysed data will be presented in the form of systematic descriptions as well, then all data is selected, processed and then stated descriptively so that it can provide solutions to the problems in question. From the overall study that has been presented in accordance with Law No. 8 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Hajj and Umrah, it can be concluded that the implementation of Hajj and Umrah is inseparable from various problems. From the registration stage, discussion and determination of BPIH, guidance, transportation services, accommodation/lodging services, health, catering and protection of pilgrims, Hajj organisations, Hajj organising committees, and Hajj officers, the main focus of Hajj implementation has been on the provision of accommodation, transportation and catering services. Attention to these service aspects is important to realise the comfort of the pilgrims in performing their hajj, but another thing that must receive attention is the aspect of Hajj guidance, starting from the implementation of Hajj manasik guidance, to Hajj guidance during the implementation of Hajj in Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. It must be said that not all hajj pilgrims have adequate knowledge and competence about hajj, therefore guidance in the implementation of hajj in Saudi Arabia is a necessity that should not be ignored, so that hajj pilgrims can perform their hajj in accordance with the provisions of shari'a and realise independence and resilience in the implementation of hajj and umrah in accordance with Law Number 8 of 2019.

DATA FUSION OF ULTRASONIC SENSORS FOR DISTANCE MEASUREMENT

Distance measurement plays a fundamental role in contemporary technology, exerting a significant influence on applications across a myriad of sectors, ranging from autonomous navigation and industrial automation to robotics. Ultrasonic sensors, celebrated for their simplicity, cost-efficiency, and adaptability, have grown into essential instruments for gauging distances. Nevertheless, individual ultrasonic sensors are not exempt from constraints, which encompass inaccuracies stemming from environmental conditions, sensor noise, and measurement errors. This article delves into the advanced practice of data fusion, a method that entails amalgamating data from multiple ultrasonic sensors, bolstered by intricate algorithms like artificial intelligence (AI) and statistical techniques. The fusion of ultrasonic sensor data surpasses mere amalgamation; it harnesses the potency of AI to refine data integration. Consequently, this doesn't only enhance measurement precision but also equips systems to function dependably in dynamic and demanding environments. The article explores the importance of ultrasonic sensors, the necessity for data fusion, procedures for data preprocessing, the extraction of relevant features, the application of fusion algorithms, and the handling of uncertainties. It investigates the utilization of ultrasonic sensor data fusion in diverse domains such as autonomous vehicles, robotics, industrial automation, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. Moreover, it confronts issues associated with data quality, environmental variations, privacy concerns, and ethical deliberations. The article concludes by shedding light on the encouraging avenues that lie ahead in the field, which include the development of advanced algorithms, the seamless integration of different sensor types, real-time data processing, and a strong emphasis on safety-critical applications. Data fusion from ultrasonic sensors signifies an evolving and transformative technology with profound consequences for various sectors. The responsible advancement and deployment of this technology are of paramount importance to ensure the realization of its full potential, while maintaining the principles of safety, ethics, and reliability in a continuously evolving technological landscape. Keywords: Complex measurement, Multi-sensor distance measurement, Ultrasonic sensors, Data fusion, Measurement accuracy.

CRITERIA FOR PERSONALIZED APPROACH IN PLANNING X-RAY EXAMINATIONS FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

Introduction. One of the main auxiliary methods for making a final diagnosis and choosing treatment plan in the clinical practice of an orthodontist is X-ray, which can be used at all stages of dental rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to elaborate and justify the criteria for a personalized approach in planning X-ray examination of orthodontic patients based on literary analysis and own clinical experience. Materials and methods. We conducted a thorough examination of relevant literature using key words such as X-ray methods, dentistry, orthodontics, orthopantomogram, cephalometric analysis, cone-beam computed tomography, and ionizing radiation. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1054 medical records of patients received treatment for the period from 2020 to 2023. Special attention was given to the prescribed type of X-ray examinations and findings obtained. Results. Our analysis encompassed an examination of legal documents governing the radiation safety of Ukrainian citizens, including the optimal annual dose resulting from medical examinations or treatments. We conducted a comparative assessment of ionizing radiation levels in patients undergoing various types of X-ray examinations using commonly employed X-ray equipment. We established indications and visualization zones for each radiological examination method utilized in orthodontic cases, comprising 2-D techniques (orthopantomogram, teleroentgenogram of the head in direct and lateral projections) and 3-D methods (cone-beam computed tomography of the segment, jaw, and the facial region of the skull). Conclusion. The personalized approach criteria encompass selecting an area of special interest based on clinical assessments, the capacity to analyze and determine the sequence of treatment measures through an analysis of the acquired data, and a deep understanding of radiation safety principles for the well-being of patients.

Sistem Informasi dan Pelayanan Kasus Emergency Menghadapi Kuliah Offline Pasca Pandemi Covid-19

Campus is a potential place to become the epicenter of Covid-19 transmission from students, lecturers, employees and the general public. This paper aims to formulate and design problem solutions to guide information systems and emergency case services, including Covid-19. This paper is a qualitative approach through deepening emergency theory including Covid-19 cases, objective conditions of campus life based on patient safety principles, especially acute disease attacks (heart attacks, strokes and accidents, disasters) including Covid-19 cases with a new variant whose virulence is said to be more dangerous, faster and more deadly without any signs and symptoms. Hence, it requires emergency services so as not to cause casualties, disability or even death. The results of the research show that the campus does not yet have an information system and service mechanism if an emergency case occurs at any time. The model for formulating information system design and emergency case services in the campus environment is (1) establishment and management arrangement of the information system management unit for disaster services and emergency cases; (2) Preparing an information system program (3) Preparing Standard Operating Procedures for disaster and emergency case service systems and (4) Preparing human resources for unit management.

Assessment of MRI Safety Awareness and Practice Standards in Bangladesh

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the current MRI safety knowledge, awareness and practice standards among MRI technologist in Bangladesh and to perceive if the identified safety principles related to MRI management are in line with international standards. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out with consent option among MRI technologist in Bangladesh. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through email, the questionnaire contained ten parts and 47 questions in all. MRI technologist voluntarily consented and filled out the questionnaire. The questions were to explore knowledge about MRI safety policy and accessories, patient screening, adverse reaction, Infection control, Device labeling, Equipment safety, signage and barriers, access and communication, and MRI safety during pregnancy generally. The collected data were analyzed with the help of Microsoft Excel. Results: Regarding knowledge of MRI equipment, 34% of respondents were unaware of the symbols or signs used to denote the various zones in your MRI suit, and 27% were unaware of the negative effects of quenching magnets. About 45% of respondents, who were asked about emergency/safety accessories’ availability, answered that crash carts and MRI-compatible anesthetic equipment aren’t present in the department. In case of awareness of different zones of the MRI suite, which is crucial for an MRI unit, 46.08% of respondents were unaware in this issue. 50% of respondents do not believe that MRI has any harmful effect to people who are pregnant. This study revealed that many MRI facilities generally are not aware of departmental/equipment safety notices &amp; obstacles. Conclusion: The study showed that awareness about MRI safely and practice standards were not encouraging with many of the MRI technologists due to their insufficient knowledge. They need training along with other supporting staff connected to patient to enhance their knowledge in implementation of safety policy, patient screening tools and exposure of MRI during pregnancy.

PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE OF COVID-19 IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN AS A FUNCTION OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY AGAINST PERTUSSIS

Coronavirus disease remains one of the most serious diseases in the world. The percentage of severe and fatal cases inchildren is lower than in adults. The search for biomarkers of disease severity continues. There is evidence of heterologousimmunity between the causative agent of coronavirus infection and some other infectious agents. Both Bordetella pertussis and SARS-CoV-2 cause damage to the respiratory system. It should be noted that the incubation period and transmission mechanism are similar for these two microorganisms. Pertussis vaccinations are given in childhood.The purpose of the study is to fi nd the charcteristics of the course of COVID-19 in school-aged children depending on thestate of humoral immunity against pertussis toxin, assessing their level of immunoglobulin G against pertussis.Material and methods. 92 pediatric patients aged 6 to 17 years were studied, including 30 children without signs of thedisease in the control group and 62 children with manifestations of laboratory- confi rmed COVID-19. The clinical features of the disease and laboratory indicators (C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cells, D-dimer) were evaluated, as well as the levels of free salivary cortisol and vitamin D. According to the severity of the disease, 3 groups were formed: the fi rst – 20 children with a mild course of COVID-19, the second – 33 patients with a moderate course of the disease, the third – 9 with a severe course of the disease.All children were tested for immunoglobulin G (Ig G) to pertussis toxin by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (VIROTECHB. pertussis PT Ig G ELISA, Rüsselsheim, Germany). The result was considered negative (no increase in the titer of specifi c class G antibodies to pertussis toxin), borderline, and positive (there is an increase in the titer of immunoglobulin G to pertussis toxin). Statistical analysis was performed using the program «Stat Plus» (Shapiro- Wilk test, mean  SD (standard deviation) with correct distribution of characteristics; median, upper and lower quartiles with incorrect distribution, Chi-square test, Man-Whitney test, Fisher’s test).The study was conducted in accordance with the rules of patient safety and ethical principles of scientifi c medical researchinvolving human subjects (2000). The permission to conduct this study was given by the Bioethics Commission (Protocol No. 61 of 13.11.2020). The parents (legal representatives) of the patients gave their written consent to the conduct of this study.This study is a fragment of research work «An Integrated Approach to Symptom Control, Long- Term Prognosis in the Context of Comorbid Pathology in the Clinic of Internal Diseases and Family Doctor Practice» (state registration No. 0118U000361).Results. The mean age of the patients was 11.573.82 years. The study groups did not diff er in sex (x2=4.97, p=0.174) andage (p=0.490) composition. The level of humoral immunity against pertussis toxin diff ered signifi cantly between the study groups. A positive and borderline result for the presence of specifi c immunoglobulin G to tetanus toxin was found in 75.86 % of children without signs of disease. At the same time, only 41.51 % of children with COVID-19 manifestations had a positive and borderline result (p=0.005). A positive and borderline result for the presence of specifi c immunoglobulin G to tetanus toxin was seen in 66.67 % of children with mild infection, 33.33 % of patients with moderate disease, and only 12.50 % of patients with severe disease (X2=16.91, P=&lt;0.001).Children with a negative result for immunoglobulin G to pertussis toxin have signifi cantly higher WBC count (1.3-fold), ESR(2.4-fold), D-dimer (3.4-fold), and CRP (1.5-fold) compared to patients with positive and borderline levels of these antibodies.In children with a negative result, there was a 6.25-fold increase in salivary free cortisol (p&lt;0.001) and a 2.0-fold decrease invitamin D levels (p&lt;0.001).Conclusions. In children with COVID-19 manifestations, there was a signifi cantly higher percentage of negative test resultsfor the presence of IgG to pertussis toxin compared to the control group, indicating a lower level of humoral immunity to tetanus in this group of patients. In children with mild disease, there was a signifi cantly higher percentage of positive and borderline test results for the presence of IgG to pertussis toxin (indicating a higher level of humoral immunity against this pathogen) compared to the groups of children with moderate and severe disease. The absence of specifi c immunoglobulins G to pertussis toxin is associated with an increase in the level of pro-infl ammatory markers (leukocyte count, ESR, CRP) and D-dimer, which also indicates a more severe course of COVID-19. Patients who are negative for pertussis toxin antibodies have elevated cortisol levels as a marker of stress and decreased vitamin D levels. Both biologically active substances are involved in the immune response to infectious agents and may serve as additional non-specifi c markers of COVID-19 severity. Therefore, low humoral immunity to pertussis contributes to the increase in COVID-19 severity in childhood.

Digital Smart Manufacturing Context Urban Street Space Design Landscape Elements Retrofit Analysis

INTRODUCTION: With the growth of the economic level, China's urban residents' urban living standards are also increasingly high, which has produced the story of an urban street space design to improve the requirements. Moreover, with intelligent manufacturing and other computer technology to enhance the efficiency of various industries, smart manufacturing applied to urban spatial design landscapes also has a prototype.&#x0D; OBJECTIVES: To improve the level of digitization in China, the application of intelligent manufacturing in urban street space design; to promote the transformation of urban landscape elements, urban modernization will increase the level; to solve the problem of the urban environment improvement and economic development is not synchronized; to promote the modernization of urban development, enhance the level of urban informatization and intelligence.&#x0D; METHODS: Firstly establishes the Wells equation of the optimal path of intelligent manufacturing through the technique of theoretical exposition; secondly, analyzes people's demand for urban street space design by using the method of data statistics and analysis; lastly, summarizes the principles to be followed in the creation of urban street space and the construction outlook through case study.&#x0D; RESULTS: The Wells equation of the optimal path of smart manufacturing shows that intelligent manufacturing has a significant positive effect on the efficiency of urban street space design; the results of data statistics and analysis show that the current level of urban street space design cannot meet people's growing spiritual and cultural needs; the results of the case study show that the design of urban street space should follow the design principles of safety, closeness to nature, and human-centeredness.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Urban street space design in the context of digital intelligent manufacturing should be done promptly, and the level of urban landscape design should be strengthened to meet people's growing spiritual and cultural needs in the post-New Crown epidemic era.

PREREQUISITES AND TASKS OF CHANGING THE FUNCTIONS AND FORM OF THE REGIONAL TYPOLOGY OF THE LUGANSK REGION

Donbas has successively gone through several stages of formation as a regional unit. Changes were formed under the influence of external factors, with a significant part of administrative coercion, which contributed to the accumulation of structural problems and contradictions. In the current period, the region is engulfed in war. Another stage of structural changes in the region is being recorded. It is difficult to predict the scale and nature of changes in the functions of the regional typology, but there are reasons to believe that certain functions of the regional typology will undergo significant changes. This will lead to changes in form with an impact on the transformation of the engineering and planning organization of the region as a whole. The aim of the research is to determine the trends, circumstances and prerequisites for changes in the functions and form of Luhansk region. To analyze the correspondence of regional typologies according to the features of function and form in modern conditions of armed conflict. Determine the task of urban development of the region in accordance with modern conditions. &#x0D; The research shows that the functions of the region, Luhansk region in particular, have changed. Luhansk region in modern conditions acquires features that do not fall under the existing classification. A border region is being formed, the main function of which is not cross-border cooperation and the development of interstate relations, but the formation of the border in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction, the construction of a security zone. The inconsistency of typological features forms the task of updating the regional model of the planning organization. The regional model of territorial planning will involve closing the border, making it impossible to be transparent; suspension of transport connections - road and rail; restriction of the movement of citizens in the direction of the border of Russia, that is, the introduction of a special transit regime; disconnection of engineering networks from communication with the aggressor country. &#x0D; The tasks of urban development are based on principles, among the main ones it should be highlighted - the principle of security and safety, accessibility, autonomy, adaptability, attractiveness, environmental friendliness and reproduction of the environment. The principles of urban development in the tasks of reproduction of the occupied territories are given in the article. Factors influencing the processes of urban development in the conditions of post-war development are analyzed. The task of urban development of the region in accordance with modern conditions is formulated.

Leading Change from Within: Student-Led Reforms to Advance Anti-Racism within Medical Education.

Racism, physician biases against Indigenous, Black, and racialized people, and the resultant poor health outcomes have been the subject of many institutional position statements and calls to action. Across Canada, undergraduate medical education programs have recognized the importance of addressing racism, but material changes to curriculum and learning environments to incorporate anti-racist lenses have yet to be actualized. To bridge a gap seen within the curriculum, the authors of this manuscript led the co-development, organization, and implementation of a student-led anti-racism initiative at the University of Calgary's Cumming School of Medicine. The initiative consisted of a class-wide anti-racism training session and a strategic review of student governance policies, including elections and decision-making processes through an anti-racist lens to advance equity within student learning environments. Anti-racism praxis was embedded within the co-creation of the anti-racism training by incorporating cultural safety and ethical engagement principles along with paid consultations with racialized students and faculty to identify pertinent topics and inform training priorities. Through this initiative, the authors offer an approach for the larger medical community to consider in their own local efforts to advance anti-racism advocacy and curricular change. This initiative highlighted the unique role of students in disrupting the status quo and modeling an anti-racist lens in their actions and self-governance.

Glimpse of safety science development in China: A review of safety fundamental research and construction of six new postgraduate courses for safety majors by safety & security theory innovation and promotion Center of Central South University

After more than half a century of development, the safety discipline has accumulated many theories, methods, models, and principles, but these results are still relatively scattered in various fields, and have not formed a complete subject system. Furthermore, there remain many gaps in the foundations of safety science over the years, and there are few textbooks on safety fundamental theory that are usable by postgraduate students in safety majors. To fill the gaps, this paper introduces a project concerning fundamental safety research and the construction of textbooks and new courses on safety science theories for the postgraduate education of safety majors. These texts and courses were created by the Safety & Security Theory Innovation and Promotion Center of Central South University. The project depended upon a strategy of “innovating safety science theory, publishing a series of papers, writing postgraduate textbooks, setting up postgraduate courses, and popularizing them to universities all over China.” After persisting for over ten years, our research group published more than 200 papers (mostly in Chinese journals) and compiled these papers into 11 monographs or textbooks. These books were Principles of Safety & Security Science, Methodology of Safety Science, Safety Statistics, Safety & Security Informatics, Safety Culturology, and Safety Pedagogy, among others. Then, the corresponding courses were opened and matching teaching materials were built. Accordingly, these courses were popularized in many universities with safety majors in China. The above works have achieved remarkable effects and played an important role in the development of safety science. This review provides a glimpse of safety science development in China. Our experiences are also significant insofar as providing reference value for the basic research on safety science and talent training worldwide.

Relationship Between Occupational Safety and Health Policy Principles, Organizational Action on Work-related Stress and the Psychosocial Work Environment in Italy

BackgroundIt is acknowledged that legislation acts as a motivator for organizational action on psychosocial risks. Our study aims to provide evidence on the relationship between key occupational safety and health (OSH) policy principles and organizational action on work-related stress, and, in turn, with reported employee job demands and resources and their experience of work-related stress. We focus on Italy where specific legislation and practices on work-related stress were introduced in 2008 which are underpinned by these key OSH policy principles. MethodsSecondary analysis of the Italian samples from the employer ESENER-2 and employee 6th EWCS surveys was conducted, using path analysis in structural equation modeling (SEM) linking the two datasets. ResultsWe found a strong statistically significant relationship between OSH policy principles and organizational action on work-related stress (C.I. = .62-.78 p < .001). The existence of an organizational action plan on work-related stress was found to be significantly associated with more reported job resources (C.I. = .02-.24, p < .05) but these were not found to be significantly associated with less work-related stress. No significant association was found between having an organizational action plan for work-related stress and reported job demands. However, job demands were significantly related to reported work-related stress (C.I. = .27-.47, p < .001). ConclusionsFindings add support to the call for specific legislation on work-related psychosocial risks and highlight how an organizational OSH culture underpinned by key OSH principles, and awareness/competence development on psychosocial risk management can have a positive effect on organizational action. However, further support needs to be provided to organizations around developing primary prevention interventions at the organizational level with the aim of reducing job demands.