Nutrient Safety Research Articles

DESIGN PARAMETERS OF THE HELIO INSTALLATION FOR HERBS DRYING

In order to dehydrated feed production's energy consumption reducing, work is underway aimed, on the one hand the drying modes that the safety of nutrients and vitamins ensure clarifying, and on the other hand the dehydration methods improving, new progressive technologies without the quality of processed feed compromising would dramatically energy costs'reduce creating. From this point of view, a new progressive method of drying feed solar energy use attention deserving. The possibility of using solar energy for herbs' artificial drying is facilitated by the fact that the drying season coincides with the greatest solar radiation period. Based on Turkmenistan climatic conditions analysis, a helio installation that combines the advantages of conveyor and pneumatic drum dryers and works with a coolant having a low temperature (about 70-100 °C), but supplied under pressure has been developed. A method for the solar dryer's thermal and structural parameters calculating is proposed. Based on the calculated data, an experimental helio installation was built, due to experimental studies on drying alfalfa using solar energy were carried out, as a result of which hay with a carotene content of 208 mg/kg at a humidity of 21,4% and grass cutting with a humidity of 12-14% with a carotene content of 224-249 mg/kg was obtained. This helio installation's introduction for herbs drying will reduce feed preparation's fuel consumption, feed production quality and labor production improving.

Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc): A Crop for the New Millennium, Its Genetic Diversity, and Improvements to Mitigate Future Food and Nutritional Challenges

The world’s food and agricultural schemes have gradually fallen into an alarming state due to challenges such as high population birth rates, diverse agro-climatic zones, a lack of measures to counter global warming, severe practices of sole-culture cultivation, and asset reduction. A very high dependency on limited staple food crops is associated with repetitious diets, deprivation of food, and shortages of trace minerals, which often causes dietary sicknesses. To ensure nutritious diets worldwide, a real-world and justifiable scheme is provided to garner extra attention towards variation in both agriculture/farming approaches and food habits. The EAT-Lancet statement emphasized an increase in agri-based diets as a way of attaining global generational health. Enlarging neglected crops with plenty of genomic stocks and potentially profitable attributes is a solution that could address food and nutritional security concerns. Bambara groundnut is one such imperative and neglected legume crop that contributes positively to improving global food and nutrient safety. As a “complete food”, this crop has recently been treated as a new millennium crop, and furthermore, it is more adjusted to poor soil and climatic conditions than other dominant crops. Bambara groundnut is a repository of vital nutrients that provides carbohydrates, crucial amino acids, proteins, and energy as well as minerals and vitamins to developed and low-income countries where animal proteins are not readily available. This review explores the potential of Bambara groundnut in ensuring food and nutrient security; its variables, production, processing, nutrient values, role in reducing the nutritional gap, and diverse uses; and attempts in improving its traits. To strengthen food production, an agricultural revolution is required for underutilized crop species to feed the ever-expanding population in the world. Henceforth, advanced plant-breeding procedures, such as next-generation breeding techniques, various molecular tools, TILLING, Eco-TILLING, proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics (which has been used for major crops), also need to be practiced to intensify production. To boost productivity and to feed the most starved and malnourished populations of the world, it is assumed that the application of modern techniques will play a vital role in the advancement of the underutilized Bambara groundnut.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ В КОНСЕРВИРОВАНИИ ЛЮЦЕРНЫ

Preserving the green mass of plants is a complex technological process that depends on many factors: the population of epiphytic microflora, plant moisture, phase of plant development, sugar concentration in the grass mass, weather conditions, etc. Therefore, the quality of the resulting forage may be different. The usagee of various chemical and biological preservatives, recommended in recent years by many researchers, makes it possible to obtain high quality finished forage. The chemical preservatives (formic, propionic, benzoic acids, etc.) quickly acidify the herbal mass to the desired pH level (3.8 ... 4.2). But at the same time, one should not forget about the danger of harming these preservatives to the health of specialists, the environment and the corrosion properties of metal. In addition, they have a high cost. Therefore, in world practice, research is being conducted to find inexpensive, environmentally friendly and convenient to use biological products. These types include drugs, which include associated groups of lactic acid bacteria in a certain concentration with the aim of enhancing lactic acid fermentation in plant materials and preserving the nutritional value of the finished feed. In this regard, this article discusses a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various biological preparations when preserving the dried green mass of alfalfa, both domestically produced Ferbac-Sil (Kazan) and foreign Sila Prime (Belarus) under laboratory conditions. During the study, a positive effect of the studied drugs on the safety of nutrients and energy was established. Among the tested preservatives, the biological preparation Ferbak-Sil distinguished itself, which stimulated lactic acid fermentation in the phytomass, which in turn had a positive effect on the preservation of dry matter, crude protein and metabolic energy, whose indicators were higher than the control by 5.47%, 1.64%, 1.47%.

Development and validation of bioengineered intestinal tubules for translational research aimed at safety and efficacy testing of drugs and nutrients

Currently used intestinal cell models have limited translational value, therefore, development of novel in vitro intestinal models that recapitulate the human in vivo setting more closely are of interest. Here, an advanced intestinal model was developed by the incorporation of physiological parameters, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) elements and shear stress, to cultured Caco-2 cells in a 3-dimensional environment. Caco-2 cells grown on ECM-coated hollow fiber membranes (HFM) under physiological shear stress show an improved phenotype, as demonstrated by the presence of enterocytes, goblet, Paneth, enteroendocrine and stem cells. Additionally, this model showed signs of an improved morphology due to the appearance of villi-like structures. Similar to epithelial cells grown on Transwells™, the current model remains easy to use, cost efficient and allows apical and basolateral access. The bioengineered intestinal tubule was validated by exposure to Clostridium difficile toxin A, the leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. The loss of the tight junction network was supported by an increase in inulin-FITC leakage and the number of goblet cells increased, in agreement with clinical findings. In addition to toxicity screening, the bioengineered intestinal tubules are considered useful for drug and nutrient safety and efficacy testing.