Safety Of Hazardous Production Facilities Research Articles

Обучение рабочих и специалистов для горнодобывающей отрасли в аспекте безопасности труда

Labor safety in the mining industry is a set of measures aimed at improving the production environment that affects the health and operability of a person at work and the continuous professional development of employees. The objective assessment of safety of all stages of the production process is a crucial aspect of the enterprise’s activities. It is based on compliance with the requirements of regulatory authorities in the field of labor protection and industrial safety, occupational standards as characteristics of labor conditions, qualifications and professional competence of an employee, as well as compliance with the federal state educational standards as a basis of training of a specialist or a worker who are the main participants of the technological process in mining. The formation of professional competencies of each employee that ensure safe operation at the site or enterprise, the in-depth knowledge, development of operational algorithms, and the skill to perform technological operations at the workplace primarily depend on the basic education of employees obtained under the programs of secondary vocational education. The Federal State Educational Standards existing since 2013 became outdated and were gradually updated in 2022–2023. The training terms were normatively determined within the framework of the federal project «Professionalism» which aimed to resume close cooperation between educational organizations and enterprises. Educational organizations were enabled to increase the time to practice. The qualification of graduates under skilled worker training programs has become universal and does not specify the type of activity, whereas a new type of professional activity, namely ensuring the functioning of the occupational health and industrial safety management system at the site (or enterprise), was introduced for midlevel specialists. All this should ensure the future training of new personnel in compliance with the requirements of Federal Law of July 21, 1997 № 116–FZ «On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities» and the Russian Federation Government Decree of August 17, 2016 № 806 «On application of the risk-oriented approach in the organization of certain types of state control (supervision) and introducing amendments to some acts of the Government of the Russian Federation».

Predictive analysis of emergency fire risks for the boiler room

In the technosphere, ensuring fire safety of hazardous production facilities is a priority task for preserving human health, life, material values, and the environment. Therefore, it is important to predict emergency situations and minimize their risks. The purpose of the study is to assess fire risks and the degree of damage in an emergency situation in the boiler room. The study was based on statistical data on accidents at thermal power plants and regulated methods for determining fire risks and the degree of damage from an accident at coal boiler houses. A predictive assessment of fire risks was based on the example of two accident scenarios, the affected areas and the possible number of injured people are determined. The dimensions of the danger zones are shown – a fatal injury at a distance of 20 m from the epicenter of the explosion with a 97 percent probability of injury. The probability of weak destruction of buildings in a populated area of 17 percent was established. In case of a predicted accident in the form of an explosion of a steam boiler, damaging factors can affect industrial buildings and boiler room personnel

Модель мониторинга охраны опасных производственных объектов от лесных пожаров

The methodological analysis of the requirements for the prevention of forest fire onset and spread has demonstrated that at the design, development, and maintenance of forest sites, it is required to apply various proven methods enabling the assessment of risk of damage to hazardous production facilities protected from forest fires (upper and ground fires) via the selection of fire protection measures in forests, such as forest fire prevention, fire hazard and forest fire monitoring in forests, and forest fire extinguishing. The expert method, the system analysis methods, and the methods of management theory and decision-making were applied in order to solve the problems. The topicality of the study covered in the article is the analysis of fire safety requirements in forests and the development of informational and analytical support for the decision-making when evaluating the probability of the onset of forest fire and the risk of damage to the adjacent hazardous production facilities caused by a forest fire (upper fire, ground fire) in accordance with the calculation methodologies applied for specific situations, based on the expert method. The industrial safety management system and the industrial safety requirements must ensure the identification, analysis, and forecast of accident risk at hazardous production facilities, as well as the planning and implementation of fire safety measures and risk reduction. The scope of studies is industrial facilities, the Federal Forestry Agency, expert activities, activities of insurance companies, scientific activities, and individuals competent in forest fire safety (experts). To ensure the fire safety of hazardous production facilities, it is required to assess the risk of the onset and spread of a forest fire (upper fire, ground fire). In order to determine a safe allocation of forest stands and ensure the safe operation of firefighting subdivisions during forest fire extinguishing, it is required to apply the proposed expert method associated with the control of activities of the body responsible for the implementation of measures of planning, development and maintenance of forest stands at the exercise of official powers.

Consideration of Temperature Factors when Designing Butterfly Check Valves for Hazardous Production Facilities

The safety of hazardous production facilities is directly related to the reliability of pipeline systems, which must be ensured regardless of environmental conditions. Accidents on pipeline sections can have catastrophic consequences associated with damage to human health and the environment. Damage to the metal of pipeline elements during operation due to internal corrosion occurring under the influence of the working fluid is one of the main reasons for failure. This study aims to develop an improved butterfly check valve (BCV), which is a pipeline element. For this purpose, various structural materials used in the production of check valves were analyzed, and the changes in their mechanical properties under the influence of temperature were also considered. Based on this material, a butterfly check valve was developed. The stress-strain state of the developed structure was assessed using the finite element method (FEM). Strains, stresses, and displacements were calculated to evaluate valve performance. These calculations are necessary to determine the most loaded elements of the BCV at the maximum and minimum ambient temperatures. The following conclusions were obtained: X6CrNiTi18-10 stainless steel grade is the most suitable material for piping systems transporting liquids in production facilities. On the basis of the simulation results, the values of equivalent stresses, maximum strains, and displacements were obtained. The research results confirmed the performance of the improved design, the unhindered motion of the working fluid in the working direction, and the convenient connection to horizontal and vertical sections of the pipeline. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2023-09-020 Full Text: PDF

Требования охраны труда и промышленной безопасности в угольной промышленности

The article examines the system of legal and regulatory framework of occupatioal safety and industrial safety for the enterprises in the coal industry. Analysis of the international and Russian legislation showed the close relationship and interdependence of safety regulation in these areas of law. A significant contribution to the development of legal regulation of the occupational safety and industrial (production) safety was made by the conventions of the International Labor Organization. In 1995, the International Labor Organization adopted the Occupational Safety and Health in Mines Convention, which sets the norms relating to both occupational health and safety. In Russia, the key legislative acts regulating relations in the areas under consideration are the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law «On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities». The article provides an overview of the functions and powers of the federal executive authorities in the field of occupational safety and industrial safety, and also analyzes the types of regulations establishing requirements in these areas, and the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety at the coal industry facilities. Based on the conducted analysis, the following conclusion was made: organizational and technical requirements for occupational safety are in systemic unity with the industrial safety requirements established in federal standards and regulations. Other occupational safety requirements aimed at ensuring a system for preserving the life and health of the employees in the process of work should be established in the Occupational health and safety rules for the employees in the coal industry.

Анализ пирамиды происшествий для оценки ожидаемого предотвращенного ущерба

Energy systems are the key elements of critically important infrastructures, as they provide the required quality of life for the population, as well as create the required conditions for the reliable functioning of various sectors of the economy. One of the priority tasks is to ensure the safe functioning of such systems, while in recent years considerable attention is paid to proactive methods of ensuring safety. Within the framework of these methods, the main efforts are aimed at early identification of violations and deviations in the operation or maintenance of the facility. Construction and use of the pyramid of incidents is one of the areas of the implementation of a proactive approach. Currently, the incident pyramids are used as a convenient form of graphical interpretation of statistical data, as well as one of the tools for ensuring the safety of hazardous production facilities. The analysis of statistical data on incidents and detected violations at energy facilities is presented in the article. The performed analysis allowed to construct the corresponding pyramids of incidents for industrial and occupational safety, and also to reveal that the ratio between the levels of the pyramid significantly depends on the specific type of system or energy facility. The possibility is shown concerning the use of the pyramid of incidents to assess the direct and indirect expected prevented damage in case of elimination of the identified violations. The examples are given related to the assessment of the amount of prevented damage for the energy facilities, and the practice of using this index as one of the indicators of the efficiency of inspection control activities in the oil and gas industry is described.

О совершенствовании нормативных требований к конструкциям зданий и сооружений на взрывопожароопасных производственных объектах

The general approach to the industrial safety of capital construction projects in Russia, the EU countries, the USA is provided based on an analysis of the requirements in terms of explosion-proof design of buildings and structures. The analysis was carried out in order to determine the requirements for the construction of buildings and structures requiring revision or cancellation in order to harmonize Russian regulatory technical documents in construction and industrial safety with the foreign ones. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by its compliance with the main goals and objectives of the state policy of Russia in the field of industrial safety, aimed at consistently reducing the risk of accidents at industrial facilities and minimizing their negative consequences. The list of the main current regulatory and technical documents of the EU countries and the USA with the main requirements for the explosion resistance of buildings and structures and the assessment of explosive impact is presented. The methodology for calculating the explosive loads on buildings and structures is briefly described. It is shown how the response of a structure to the impact of an explosion is determined within the framework of a foreign approach. The main proposals for the creation of new requirements and updating previously approved Russian codes of practice in construction have been developed and compiled. The results of the implementation of the submitted proposals will contribute to improving the efficiency of the processes of domestic industrial construction of buildings and structures, updating the regulatory and technical base, ensuring the safety of hazardous production facilities. Also, it will maintaining the compliance of buildings and structures with their functional purpose, reducing the risk of harm to health, property of individuals or legal entities, public or municipal property and the natural environment.

Взаимосвязь классификации химических веществ и критериев отнесения объектов к категории опасных производственных объектов

In 2002 the international community adopted a new system of hazard classification and labeling of chemical products, which is recommended to be implemented by all the Member- countries of the United Nations through national legislation and international acts. Within the frame of the implementation of this decision, in 2015 the amendments were made to the Directive of the European Community of June 24, 1982, № 82/501/EEC on the prevention of major industrial accidents, and to the United Nations Convention onthe prevention of major industrial accidents, and a little later to the national legislation of the European countries establishing measures on preventing major accidents. In 2017, the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union adopted the technical regulation on the safety of chemical products, which establishes classification criteria that are completely identical to the criteria for the system of hazard classification and labeling of chemical products. Entry into force of the technical regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union will lead to the need for amending all theregulatory legal acts and regulations that contain regulations based on the classification of chemical products, including in the Federal Law № 116-FZ of July 21, 1997, On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities. The task of harmonizing the legislation on industrial safety with the international documents in terms of the classification of chemicals was planned to be solved when developing a new law on industrial safety. During the discussion, the developers encountered different approaches to the definition of classes of hazardous substances, the analysis of which became the subject of this article. The authors formulated proposals that can be used at the next round of harmonization of the Russian legislation on industrial safety with the international documents. When preparing proposals with classes and lists of hazardous chemicals for use in the industrial safety legislation, a comparison was made not only of the definitions of classes of chemicals in different documents, but also of their quantities, which are the criteria for qualifying objects as hazardous production facilities. It is noted that the term «flammable liquids», used in 116-FZ, practically does not occur in the international classifications, therefore, when developing new documents, it was proposed not to use it.

Administrative suspension of operations for violations of industrial safety: theoretical and practical issues

The subject. The main issues of law enforcement activity on the application of administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of operations for identified offenses in the field of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that Russian legislation allows the resumption of activities after the expiration of the period of its suspension without eliminating violations of industrial safety.The methodology of research is logical analysis of Russian legislation, statistical data and judicial decisions concerning enforcement of administrative suspension of operations in Russia.The main results. There is an ambiguous approach in the scientific literature to fixing the administrative suspension of operations in the system of administrative penalties. The effectiveness of its application is noted by some authors. At the same time, there are adverse consequences associated with the application of administrative suspension of operations for the further production activities of economic entities. Social tension in the collective of enterprises, difficulties of recovery after forced downtime, unclear prospects for further economic activity – this is not a complete list of problems arising in connection with the administrative suspension of activity. When making a court decision, judges often appoint a fine as a penalty and rarely a penalty in the form of suspension of operations. This is due to the complexity of the actual realization of suspension of operations, the special social significance of objects; the lack of a specialist's conclusion about the real danger of an offense. But if violations of industrial safety are detected during the operation of hazardous production facilities, it is initially possible to assume a high probability of serious consequences for the life and health of people, the environmental safety. Administrative suspension of activities is carried out by both judicial and non-judicial control authorities. In authors’ opinion, the application of this type of administrative punishment should be exclusively in the judicial jurisdiction. The law enforcement judicial practice concerning administrative suspension of operations in Russia is not uniform.Conclusions. There is a legal uncertainty in the mechanism of imposing administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of operations for violations of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities (Article 9.1 of the Russian Code of Administrative Offences). The uncertainty is manifested in the fact that the economic entity does not always eliminate the detected violations within the legally established period and after the expiration of the period for which the activity was suspended, the company resumes its activities nevertheless. Such opportunity reduces the preventive value of this punishment.

Methods for determining endurance limits for welded joints of marine stationary platforms

Today, oil, gas and other useful resources are being actively extracted at offshore fields using fixed offshore platforms. According to Federal Law No. 116 On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities, offshore platforms are classified as hazardous production facilities, accidents at which are accompanied by significant damage. To prevent accidents at these facilities, an industrial safety examination is carried out, during which their resource is determined. The key parameter for determining the resource is the value of the endurance limit (or fatigue limit). Various theories are currently being applied to determine the fatigue limit. However, calculations on these theories give different results. The purpose of this article is to study various methods for determining endurance limits using welded joints of fixed offshore platforms as an example and choosing a method that allows you to obtain the most accurate value of this limit.

Ensuring safe operation of the piping connection of apparatus column type

To ensure the safe operation of the piping connection of the column type apparatus, it is necessary to determine the potential destruction zones of the pipeline, which can lead to its depressurization and the realization of an accident with the “domino effect”. The article presents an algorithm for assessing potential zones of destruction of piping connection of column-type devices, which can be used to make decisions aimed at improving the safety of hazardous production facilities in the oil and gas industry, both at the design stage and during operation, as well as during diagnostic works.

Аспекты применения риск-ориентированного подхода на опасных производственных объектах

Introduction. The paper considers the application of a risk-based approach to improving the level of safety of hazardous production facilities. The presented approach ensures optimal use of labor, material and financial resources, contributes to greater efficiency of state control and supervision bodies. Problem Statement. The analysis of the state of HPF industrial safety showed the need to change the principles of assessing the state and monitoring the compliance with industrial safety requirements. Reasonable methods should be used to adequately assess the safety of facilities and the frequency and validity of inspections. Theoretical Part. The use of modern tools for monitoring, collecting and storing information on the state of industrial safety will allow supervisory authorities to plan inspections of hazardous production facilities taking into account their actual condition. This can significantly reduce the administrative burden on businesses. Conclusions. The use of a risk-based approach in planning inspections will ensure a higher level of industrial safety without involving additional resources of regulatory authorities.

A modern view on service and operational competence development of specialists dealing with hazardous production facilities safe operation

The paper presents the results of the study aimed at improving the quality of specialists training in higher educational institutions who will fork for industrial enterprises where hazardous production facilities are operated. The quality of training depends on the level of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities and as a consequence the likelihood of accidents. At the moment, despite the general trend of reducing accidents at hazardous production facilities over the past ten years, their number remains quite significant. At the same time, social and economic damage from accidents can be estimated at 600700 billion rubles per year, which will have a negative impact on the economic stability of the Russian Federation. The obligations of industrial enterprises where hazardous production facilities are operated and its employees are defined by the legislation. The content of education should take into account these basic requirements, which should be formed into separate themes. Accordingly, the modular principle is used in the design of the training content. The development of content in the form of modules will ensure the organizational and substantive unity of students training. We accept lectures and practical classes, as well as group and individual ones as the main methods of the educational process. Learning the material based on the results of lectures, practical training and self-training should allow students to form the qualities specified in our profesionogram. How the educational material proposed for study is learned should be checked during the control activities, starting from the initial-input control and ending with the final control.

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY IN REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Background Due to the huge breakthrough in the field of hazardous substances industry, the number of hazardous production facilities (HPF) tends to increase. The growth of industry leads to the need to increase and optimize safe living conditions and ensure the state of protection of the population from harmful and dangerous factors. In order to resolve problems and ensure the protection of the population, various adjustments are made to the regulatory legal acts in the field of industrial safety. Improving the regulatory framework is the basis for reducing accidents and injuries in HPF. Each state makes regulation of industrial safety on the basis of its own experience and analysis of accidents that have occurred at the HPF. This article provides an analysis of the regulatory framework in the field of industrial safety in Russian Federation and Republic of Kazakhstan. Aims and Objectives To study of the regulatory framework in the field of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities in Kazakhstan and Russian Federation. To compare the main aspects of federal laws on the industrial safety of each country. Results A comparative analysis of the laws on industrial safety of Russian Federation and Republic of Kazakhstan showed that the issues of organizing industrial safety in both countries are almost identical: terms, definitions of requirements for hazardous production facilities. However, significant differences are still present.

Обеспечение экологической безопасности на предприятии

For the implementation of the principal directions of the Russian Federation Environmental Security Strategy, a system of measures to ensure environmental safety at the enterprise has been developed, including identifying and assessing sources of environmental hazards, measures for: protecting the environment in the process of daily economic activity, ensuring industrial safety of hazardous production facilities, preventing and eliminating natural and man-made emergencies, introducing industrial and environmental safety management systems, monitoring compliance with environmental requirements legislation, industrial and environmental safety.

Accident risk analysis of oil and gas facilities in Arctic climatic conditions

The probability of occurring emergency situations increases in conditions of severe climate of the Arctic. Therefore, addressing the problems related to the risk assessment of accidents at oil and gas facilities in the Arctic zones based on acceptable risk criteria is of particular importance. Uncontrollable development of emergency situations is followed by emission of a significant amount of oil products and constitutes serious ecological danger, and also can lead to considerable destructions and death of people resulted from fire and explosion. Therefore, the goal of the study is development of the methods for analysis and assessment of the risk of accidents in reservoirs and gas pipelines at low temperatures to increase the industrial safety of hazardous production facilities operating in conditions of the Arctic North. The results of brittle fracture analysis and accident risk assessment for reservoir and gas pipeline under arctic climatic conditions are presented. Statistical data processing of accidents allowed us to determine the rupture sources, develop a “fault tree” of brittle fracture of reservoirs, “event trees” of reservoir explosion and gas outflow from a gas pipeline, with allowance for the frequency of scenarios for quantitative risk assessment. Currently the probabilistic approach is considered one of the most promising. Accident statistics and experience of previous risk analyses can provide a useful contribution to the process of hazard identification. We focus on the scenario approach to the problems of hazard identification and assess the probability (frequency) of emergencies proceeding from the analysis and systematization of the statistical data on the accidents on reservoirs and gas pipelines at low ambient temperatures using the “event trees” and “fault trees” which provide determination of the most critical scenario and expected risk from accidents. Thus, risk assessment of accidents at hazardous production facilities in the Arctic zone using criteria of acceptable risk will allow estimation of hazards with unacceptable level of risk and development of recommendations and measures to reduce them.

Development of approaches to estimation of risk parameters

To a great extent, safety is ensured in the design and operation of hazardous production facilities (HPF) through identifying, analyzing and predicting the risk of accidents (failures), involving, where possible, a more complete quantitative risk estimation in determination of the HPF condition [1], which is the responsibility of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostechnadzor). Among the HPFs, where multifactor risks exist at the stage of design, a special place is occupied by nuclear power installations, shelf development facilities, oil and gas platforms, as well as critical infrastructure facilities as the assets essential for the healthy state of society and the national economy in conditions of impacts from the catastrophic risk factors [2–4].The issues involved in the estimation and prediction of hazards from unfavorable situations, emergencies, accidents and failures are considered in [2,3,5–7] where the safety of HPFs is defined by two major factors: probability of an unfavorable event (situation) and the damage from such event, using different risk identification methods, including recent advances in the asymptotic theory of the probability of extreme values.To solve the risk estimation problems, issues involved in the estimation of risk parameters have been considered with different options of the HPF state graphical space interpretation. Peculiarities of estimating the risk sensitivity and the risk degree have been described and the evolution of approaches to the estimation of risk in the HPF design and operation has been shown. Big data analysis methods for risk management have been proposed.

Современные технические средства для обеспечения взрывоопасных производственных объектах хранения и переработки растительного сы-рья

In the article there is the analysis of modern technical tools used to ensure explosion protection of machinery on hazardous production facilities. The criteria for classification are specified in Annex 1 to the Federal Law of 21.07.1997 № 116-FZ «Industrial safety of hazardous production facilities».