Background Although endoscopic resection (ER) is recommended as first-choice treatment for early esophageal neoplasia, patients with esophageal varices are considered a high-risk group due to an increased bleeding risk. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ER in this specific patient category. Methods We searched for studies reporting on clinical outcomes of ER in presence of esophageal varices, irrespective of study design or follow-up time. Endpoints included the incidence of prophylactic measures to reduce the risk of variceal hemorrhage, radical and curative resection rates, and adverse events. Results After screening a total of 2,371 studies, 42 studies with a total sum of 186 subjects were included in this systematic review. Endoscopic band ligation (72/186; 39%) and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (22/186; 12%) were reported as most widely adopted prophylactic measures to eradicate varices prior to ER. Other frequently described prophylactic measures included direct varix coagulation during ER (18/186; 10%) and the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt prior to ER (9/186; 5%). While the radical and curative resection rates were high (86% and 72%, respectively), the periprocedural and delayed bleeding risk were reported to be relatively low (6% and 3%, respectively). In all studies, no procedure-related mortality was observed. Conclusions ER appears to be a safe and effective treatment option in selected patients with concurrent early esophageal neoplasia and esophageal varices, provided that a tailored approach of adequate prophylactic measures is applied to prevent bleeding.
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