Safety Measures Research Articles

Urinary benzyl alcohol and hippuric acid in workers exposed to benzyl alcohol during paint stripping work.

This research aimed to develop a reliable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for detecting urinary benzyl alcohol (BeOH) concentrations and assess its suitability as a biomarker for occupational BeOH exposure. Thirteen male participants exposed to BeOH during paint stripping work provided preshift and postshift urine samples, and their personal exposure concentrations were measured. Meanwhile, a control group of 10 nonexposed workers contributed urine samples. The newly developed GC-MS method met regulatory guidelines. The personal exposure concentrations of BeOH ranged from 8.4 to 45.2mg/m3. Postshift urine samples from exposed participants showed significant BeOH and hippuric acid (HA) concentration increases compared to preshift samples (BeOH, post-/pre-shift geometric mean (GM) ratio = 7.5-7.8, p < 0.001; HA, post-/pre-shift GM ratio = 4.3-4.5, p < 0.001). These levels were considerably higher than those in postshift samples from the nonexposed control group (BeOH, exposed-/nonexposed-workers GM ratio = 14.8-19.0, p < 0.001; HA, exposed-/nonexposed-workers GM ratio = 12.1-15.3, p < 0.001), even after urine density correction. Urinary BeOH and HA can serve as potential biomarkers of occupational exposure to BeOH. More specifically, BeOH might serve as a superior biomarker than HA because it is apparently less influenced by confounding factors such as dietary intake and genetic polymorphism of low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). The findings will improve workplace safety measures and protocols, assisting healthcare professionals in diagnosing and managing exposure-related health issues, thereby potentially reducing the risk of occupational exposure to BeOH.

Personal noise exposure patterns and health implications in urban work environments

Noise-induced hearing loss remains a preventable occupational health concern, contingent on timely detection and mitigation of excessive workplace noise. However, the lack of effective identification of at-risk workers often results in the neglect of safety measures that could prevent hearing loss. To address this, personal noise exposure measurements, using noise dosimeters, were conducted on 50 individuals across diverse urban work environments, including work from home, offices, outdoor settings, and mixed-use spaces. The results demonstrated significant variations in noise exposure levels among different environments. Outdoor and mixed-use environments exhibited the highest average dose percentages, while home-based workers had the lowest exposure. A strong correlation between noise levels above 80 dB and increased dose percentages emphasized the need to reduce high-noise exposure times. Additionally, the study integrated quantitative dosimeter measurements with qualitative data from a questionnaire survey to provide a holistic understanding of the participants' perception on noise pollution. Traffic emerged as the primary source of noise pollution, with a substantial number of respondents experiencing stress and ear infections attributed to noise exposure. The research underscores the importance of personalized noise dosimetry in assessing health implications, emphasizing the need for awareness and preventative measures to mitigate health risks in urban work environments.

Evaluation of SSF, Roof Crush Test as an Alternative to Dynamic Rollover Test using Numerical Approach

Rollover accidents are classified into various scenarios, and with the increasing prevalence of high-centre-of-gravity (CG) vehicles in Southeast Asia (SEA) particularly in Malaysia, such as SUVs, MPVs and pickup trucks; assessing vehicle rollover risk has become critical. Even though rollover incident recorded low number of cases compared to other crash types in Malaysia, it had the highest casualty index for killed or seriously injured (KSI) and the situation induces worries because majority of the fatalities in rollover crashes among passenger vehicle occupants goes to high CG vehicle type. There are several limitations from the SEA nations to enforce costly dynamic rollover test as safety specification for SEA market requirement. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate Static Stability Factor (SSF), and roof resistance test (FMVSS 216), as an alternative to the dolly rollover test (FMVSS 208) using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). A correlated Chevrolet Silverado MY 2014 model is employed, with different SSF values representing varying levels of vehicle stability. The study evaluates peak force, peak energy absorption, and maximum intrusion during rollover simulations according to FMVSS 208 for vehicle models with different SSF values. Results indicated that vehicles with lower SSF values lead to higher energy absorption and intrusion, signifying increased rollover impact. Additionally, the article suggests that FMVSS 216 Roof Resistance Test is more severe than FMVSS 208 and vehicle rating system based on SSF value is vital for market awareness. Understanding the vehicle structural integration in rollover scenarios is essential for improving safety measures and vehicle design, especially for high-centre-of-gravity vehicles prevalent in the market.

THE TRANSFORMATIVE IMPACT OF JUDO ON ATHLETES WITH DISABILITIES: INCLUSION, ADAPTATION, AND PERFORMANCE INSIGHTS

Judo is celebrated for its inclusivity and adaptability, offering significant benefits for athletes with disabilities (PwD). It fosters physical, emotional, social, and cognitive growth, enhancing motor skills, coordination, and balance. For athletes with physical disabilities, mastering techniques such as falling safely promotes strength and agility. Moreover, engaging in judo boosts self-esteem and confidence as athletes achieve milestones like advancing through belt ranks and earning medals. The supportive environment encourages personal accomplishment and helps develop social skills through interaction with peers. Research highlights the diverse range of disabilities in judo, including visual, auditory, and intellectual impairments. Studies by Oblak et al. (2020) reveal the therapeutic benefits of judo for individuals with intellectual disabilities, emphasizing the need for more research in this area. Bocioacă and Marin (2023) explore the role of adapted judo for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Down syndrome, demonstrating improvements in integration skills through tailored practices. Additional research by Kons et al. (2021) and Krabben et al. (2017) addresses the dynamics of Paralympic judo, revealing challenges related to classification systems for visually impaired athletes. Kons et al. (2022) identify a concerning rise in injury rates among judo athletes with disabilities, indicating the need for improved safety measures. Lastly, the comparative study of neuromuscular control by Kons et al. (2019) shows that visually impaired judokas can excel in balance and certain strength metrics. Overall, these studies underscore judo’s role in promoting physical development and social integration for PwD, while also highlighting the need for further research to ensure equitable and inclusive practices in the sport.

Phase III randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety of amlodipine and candesartan cilexetil combination for hypertension treatment

Effective antihypertensive therapy is essential for achieving optimal blood pressure (BP) control and reducing cardiovascular events. This double-blind, multicenter, randomized trial aimed to compare the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of a combination of amlodipine (AML) and candesartan cilexetil (CC) versus AML monotherapy in patients with essential hypertension (HTN). After a 4-week run-in period with AML 5 mg, patients whose HTN remained uncontrolled (diastolic BP [DBP]) ≥ 90 mmHg and < 120 mmHg) were randomized to receive either AML + CC or AML alone for 8 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by measuring changes in DBP and systolic BP (SBP). The primary safety measure was the incidence of adverse events (AEs). A total of 174 participants were included in the efficacy analysis. After 8 weeks, DBP decreased by -9.92 ± 0.86 mmHg in the AML + CC arm and - 2.08 ± 0.86 mmHg in the AML arm (p < 0.0001). SBP decreased by -14.27 ± 1.39 mmHg in the AML + CC arm versus - 2.77 ± 1.39 mmHg in the AML arm (p < 0.0001). AEs occurred in 11.24% of the AML + CC group and 5.62% of the AML group (p = 0.1773). AML + CC combination therapy demonstrated superior efficacy with good tolerance, making it a promising option for patients with inadequately controlled hypertension on amlodipine alone.

The impact of human factors on veterinary anaesthesia

Human factors are an evidence-based science that consider how external factors and personal circumstances influence work behaviours and the reasons why events happen. It has been frequently studied in professions where mistakes can have disastrous consequences, such as aviation and human medicine, and is now becoming more considered in veterinary medicine. Understanding how human factors influence the safe delivery of anaesthesia means more safety measures can be put in place for both the wellbeing of patients and veterinary staff. These measures include surgical safety checklists, open communication between colleagues and the use of adverse event reporting platforms.

Radiation Safety Awareness Among Non-radiology Staff at Tabuk Hospitals, Saudi Arabia.

Insufficient understanding of radiation safety contributes to heightened exposure vulnerability amongpatients and medical personnel. This study assessed radiation safety awareness among non-radiology staff at Tabuk hospitals, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study included 203 non-radiology staff from the King Salman Armed Forces, King Fahad Specialist, and King Khaled Hospitals in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used. Regression analysis was used to detect variables affecting radiation safety awareness. According to Bloom's cut-off categories for knowledge, most non-radiologists at Tabuk hospitals (76%) had low awareness levels. Having a moderate-to-high knowledge level regarding radiation safety was significantly associated with being a physician (p = 0.004), having a longer length of service (p = 0.001), having attended a radiation protection and safety course (p = 0.049), and increased frequency of ordering imaging per day (p < 0.001). Gender had no significant effect on the knowledge level (p = 0.854). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the daily frequency of ordering images was the only independent significant factor associated with having a moderate-to-high level of knowledge (OR: 6.222, 95% CI: 2.706-14.308, p < 0.001). Non-radiologists in Tabuk hospitals have low awareness of radiation safety. Strong associations were noticed between awareness level and being a physician, having clinical experience, attending a radiation protection and safety course, and increasing the frequency of ordering imaging daily. Training courses about the hazards of radiation and the safety measures could lower the frequency of daily exposure to radiation.

Safety hazard inspection system during typhoon warning period to improve the disaster resistance ability of road and bridge construction site

Typhoons are frequent in coastal cities, and the vulnerability of road and bridge construction sites is high, but existing studies have not focused on the safety management of road and bridge construction sites under typhoon disasters. Traditional manual safety inspections suffer from problems such as low efficiency, high subjectivity, and incomplete coverage. Therefore, this study aims to develop an intelligent safety management system for road and bridge construction sites during the typhoon warning period, in order to achieve rapid and automated typhoon prevention and control. In this study, the automatic identification algorithm of potential safety hazards was developed based on the MATLAB platform, and then the system design of the MATLAB GUI was carried out, which ultimately forms the automatic safety hazard inspection and measure enquiry system during the typhoon warning period for road and bridge construction sites (RBS-TY). The system can realize the detection of vertical deformation, safety distance and safety height by using the point cloud data of the object to be measured. According to the identified safety hazards, it will automatically retrieve the database of typhoon safety measures in the road and bridge construction site and provide the countermeasures in the GUI interface. Experimentally verified results show that this system can assist safety management personnel to quickly guide typhoon prevention and control work during the 24-h typhoon warning period, improve the efficiency of safety management, and help to promote the development of intelligent typhoon emergency response technology at road and bridge construction sites.

Revolutionizing Workplace Safety Through Innovative Ergonomic Solutions in Indonesia

General Background: Workplace accidents significantly impact employee health, productivity, and organizational efficiency, necessitating effective safety and health management strategies. Specific Background: The study investigates the use of the Macro Ergonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD) method at PT Esprobags to improve occupational health and safety measures. Knowledge Gap: PT Esprobags faces challenges in effectively addressing employee health concerns, especially regarding health insurance and workplace conditions, despite increasing demand for safety protocols. Aims: This research aims to identify key health and safety issues affecting employees, utilizing MEAD to analyze and design solutions that mitigate workplace accidents and improve overall employee well-being. Results: The findings indicate that inadequate health insurance and infrequent health checks, along with insufficient drinking water quality and room cleanliness, are primary concerns among employees. The analysis reveals that environmental factors significantly influence employee safety, health, and performance, contributing to a 60.7% variance in the work environment's impact on safety and performance. Novelty: This study introduces a structured ergonomic approach tailored to the unique needs of the manufacturing sector, emphasizing the importance of holistic workplace assessments. Implications: PT Esprobags' implementation of the MEAD methodology can improve employee satisfaction, productivity, and safety, contributing to a broader understanding of workplace ergonomics and occupational health. Highlights: Health Concerns: Inadequate health insurance and checks impact employee well-being. Environmental Impact: Workplace conditions significantly affect safety and productivity. Implementation Benefits: MEAD enhances satisfaction and reduces workplace accidents. Keywords: workplace safety, ergonomic analysis, employee health, Macro Ergonomic Analysis and Design, occupational safety

Mutated Adenovirus Attacks in West Bengal, India: Risk Evaluation of Multi-Country Outbreaks and Mitigation Strategies.

The human adenovirus (HAdV) is beginning to spread rapidly in children through human, surface and animal vectors. Around 12,000 cases were recognised in 2022 in West Bengal and a shocking number of cases arose throughout India and in other under-developed areas. This is going to be a big threat to public health since no vaccine, awareness or protocol policies were introduced. Early detection, immediate isolation and proper policy developments are the key factors in overcoming the situation. Therefore, we performed this rapid review and discussed probable mitigation strategies, updated research on vaccine development, and treatment strategies to control the outbreaks of mutated HAdV. This is a narrative review of publicly available information. Here, we extracted updated information and data using the terms HAdV outbreaks, mutations, species, risks and prevention from Google Scholar and PubMed. We considered relevant articles that have discussed prevention strategies, ongoing research, and antiviral drugs for managing HAdV outbreaks. Early detection from throat swabs, isolation and symptomatic treatments are required to minimise viral infections. A massive test needs to be performed to find the affected people. The cases should be immediately isolated. It is recommended to treat high-touch surfaces with heat- or bleach-containing cleaners to prevent the spread of infection. Oxygen support and many broad-spectrum antivirals have been used to treat HAdV. Several studies showed antibody neutralisation and interactions between the natural killer cell receptor KIR3DS1 and HLA-F in infected cells, indicating possible therapeutic options in the future. HAdV-4 and HAdV-7 vaccines have been limitedly approved for administration to military personnel. Isolation, certain safety measures, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs and further research on new vaccines could be useful to prevent this virus from producing a worldwide pandemic. Also, the authorities should ensure the proper therapeutic interventions and nursing care facilities for the infected children. Patient or public contribution was not relevant to our work.

Assessment of harmful gases emission and its impact using IoT and geospatial technology

Numerous industries in our daily lives use a variety of dangerous chemical gases, and workers are frequently exposed to these gases. The losses due to harmful gases can be reduced by developing an automatic harmful gases detection and alerting system. This study aims to design, develop, and implement an automatic warning system using series of gas sensors to deduct. The designed system is implemented to monitor 3 locations to detect the hazardous pollutions parameters, namely Large-Scale industries, wood burning sites and residential housings and analysed to understand the pollution level. This study observed elevated temperatures (35–45 °C) and heat index (30–50 °C) in large-scale industries, along with higher harmful gases compared to wood-burning sites and homes. Interestingly, wood-burning sites exhibited higher humidity (60–70 %) and peak ozone and methane levels compared to other locations. These variations underscore the unique environmental characteristics of each site, emphasizing the need for tailored monitoring and safety measures.

Enhancing Submarine Propulsion: Hydrogen SI Engine With EGR for NOx Reduction Monitored by AI

AbstractThis research paper underscores the critical importance of advancing submarine technology by proposing a fully hydrogen‐powered submarine integrated with an air‐independent propulsion (AIP) system and artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven safety measures. Such an innovative approach not only addresses the limitations of traditional diesel‐electric submarines but also promises to revolutionize naval operations. The adoption of hydrogen as the primary power source significantly extends the submarine's operational range, reducing its dependence on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental impact. The incorporation of AIP technology enables sustained underwater endurance, reducing vulnerability and enhancing mission effectiveness. Concurrently, AI‐driven safety measures provide robust leak detection and safe hydrogen handling, ensuring the well‐being of the crew while optimizing operational efficiency. This integrated solution represents a transformative step toward achieving a more sustainable, capable, and stealthy submarine fleet for modern warfare scenarios.

Call to Action: Quality and Simulation Professionals Should Collaborate.

Simulation is underutilized as a tool to improve healthcare quality and safety despite many examples of its effectiveness to identify and remedy quality and safety problems, improve teamwork, and improve various measures of quality and safety that are important to healthcare organizations, eg, patient safety indicators. We urge quality and safety and simulation professionals to collaborate with their counterparts in their organizations to employ simulation in ways that improve the quality and safety of care of their patients. These collaborations could begin through initiating conversations among the quality and safety and simulation professionals, perhaps using this article as a prompt for discussion, identifying one area in need of quality and safety improvement for which simulation can be helpful, and beginning that work.

Safety 4.0: Harnessing computer vision for advanced industrial protection

In the pursuit of enhanced productivity, reduced costs, and minimized lead times, manufacturers are transitioning from traditional systems to autonomous systems. This shift, driven by the emergence of smart manufacturing and technological advancements such as robotics, collaborative robots (Cobots), automation, and digitalization, necessitates a parallel evolution in safety protocols—termed Safety 4.0—to mitigate the risks associated with such dynamic environments. The integration of smart technologies within manufacturing significantly transforms traditional workflows and intensifies the need for comprehensive safety training and guidelines. Innovations like smart personal protective equipment (PPE) and wearable sensors are pivotal in this transition, yet they often prove financially burdensome for manufacturers due to high costs and the scale of workforce deployment. Moreover, the effective use of these technologies requires continuous monitoring and data analysis, further straining resources. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the adoption of computer vision technology to enhance safety measures within manufacturing facilities, focusing on human and PPE detection. It details a holistic methodology encompassing data collection, preprocessing, training, and execution. The discussion extends to the implementation framework of this technology, emphasizing its role in enabling autonomous decision-making—a crucial step beyond mere detection. Furthermore, the paper explores the utilization of the accumulated data to develop immersive training modules employing Mixed Reality, thereby reinforcing safety protocols and fostering an environment of continuous learning and adaptation. This approach not only contributes to safeguarding personnel but also aligns with the financial and reputational interests of forward-thinking manufacturers.

Assessing the risk of pedestrian crossing behavior on suburban roads using structural equation model

While pedestrian crashes on suburban roads have received more attention over recent years, the role of pedestrian crossing risk in areas adjacent to pedestrian crossing facilities, such as pedestrian overpasses, has been neglected. Most pedestrians in suburban areas tend to avoid pedestrian overpasses, exhibiting crossing behaviors that increase the likelihood of pedestrian-involving crashes. As a result of the presence of overpasses, drivers may think that there are no pedestrians in the surroundings, so they choose a speed based only on the prevailing traffic and road environment without accounting for potential interactions with pedestrians. Consequently, crashes will occur, with pedestrians typically being the most seriously affected casualties. In this study, using video recordings from a suburban road in Amol-Babol, Iran, the risk of pedestrian crossing behavior in areas near pedestrian overpasses is investigated. The speed selection behavior of drivers in these areas has also been examined using speedometer cameras. To quantify the level of risk for pedestrians when interacting with approaching vehicles during the crossing movements, the post encroachment time (PET) was used as a surrogate safety measure. Based on critical thresholds of PET, three different risk levels were identified using a K-means algorithm: high, medium, and low risk. To identify the elements affecting the risk of pedestrian crossing behavior, structural equation models were estimated for all three risk levels. The results showed that human factors, relating to both drivers and pedestrians, have a dominant impact on pedestrian safety, especially in high and medium risk contexts. Road and vehicle factors were also found to have statistically observable effects on pedestrian safety, but to a milder extent compared to human factors. The findings of this study highlight the need for intervening in several aspects of vehicle-pedestrian interactions with critical importance for pedestrian safety, including road users’ performance and compliance, state of alertness, and interaction with road infrastructure.

Real-time Traffic Conflict Prediction at Signalized Intersections Using Vehicle Trajectory Data and Deep Learning

Real-time conflict prediction at signalized intersections is crucial for urban road safety management. This study developed a real-time conflict prediction framework for signalized intersections using video data real-time recognition technology and deep learning techniques, incorporating lane-level information and feature interactions. The modeling framework consists of three stages: real-time video data extraction and processing, the development of a Deep and Cross Network (DCN)-based real-time traffic conflict prediction model, and conflict-driven factor interpretability analysis through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). In the first stage, an efficient automated trajectory extraction system is designed to obtain vehicle trajectories in real time for dynamic traffic parameters and conflict frequency identification. In the second stage, a DCN model is developed to construct the relationships between dynamic traffic parameters, including their interactions, and traffic conflicts. In the third stage, SHAP explores the impact mechanisms of different dynamic traffic parameters on traffic conflicts. The model’s predictive performance and interpretability are evaluated using intersection video data from Changsha City, China. The results show that: 1) In real-time traffic conflict prediction at signalized intersections across different modified time-to-conflict thresholds (1.5s and 3.0s), the DCN model consistently outperformed statistical and machine learning models. 2) High traffic flow on main and secondary roads at signalized intersections significantly increases the complexity and frequency of conflicts, with varying sensitivity depending on the interaction of traffic flow, speed, and platoon length. 3) The proposed framework provides a safety measurement standard for data-driven road safety management methods.

Seaweeds and derived bioactive compounds as food alternatives: Current status and future perspective in Africa

The urgency for food security and diversification has necessitated extensive exploration of all potential food options. Seaweeds, now considered potential functional foods are widely consumed across Asia and parts of Europe. In Africa, reports on consumption trends and food-related applications are scarce. About only 1 % of the annually harvested ~120,000 (fresh weight) tonnes of commercially useful eucheumatoids are utilized locally in the continent's top-producing country, Tanzania. Ultimately, the intensification of current efforts shall promote up-scaling of the seaweed industry. In this review, we have discussed the nutritional profile and nutraceutical potential of commercially viable species, paying attention to consumer safety measures. Also, prospective food-related application of seaweeds based on current international and local African consumption trends is reviewed. The review further addresses factors that hinder consumer acceptance in Africa and the up-scaling of the seaweed industry at large. This review aims to provide some theoretical reference for future developments and application of seaweed as food in Africa.

Risk assessment of gas plume dispersion in bunkering of alternative fuel through validated computational fluid dynamics approach

Abstract Maritime decarbonization is crucial in fighting climate change. Adopting low-carbon alternative fuels could help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50% by 2050 compared to 2008. While liquified natural gas (LNG) has gained a strong foothold in the maritime sector over the past decades, the trend is shifting toward adopting lower and zero-carbon hydrogen and its carriers, such as methanol and ammonia, as alternative fuels. Quantifying risks from accidental leakages during storage and transfer of these alternative fuels using numerical models is required and commonly adopted in industries. The process leverages multiple models and tools for risk assessments with different accuracy levels and costs ranging from integral models to Lagrangian techniques and Eulerian approaches such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Increasingly, CFD approaches are employed for near-field dispersion analysis to assess the risk of accidental leakages. Despite their high computational cost, CFD models offer better accuracy than integral and Lagrangian models. In this work, we developed a CFD-based framework as a quantitative tool for risk assessment purposes. Our framework aims to (1) offer finer gas dispersion resolution with a detailed representation of surrounding structures and geometries, (2) minimize reliance on assumptions and empirical models to capture flow dynamics and gas dispersions accurately, and (3) mitigate conservative estimates and over-design of safety measures. The framework was validated using experimental data from various field tests, including a recent one involving releasing cryogenic liquids into the atmosphere. After successfully validating and comparing with experiments and other available tools, the proposed framework investigated gas plume dispersion from accidental leakages during fuel bunkering operations in ship-to-ship and shore-to-ship scenarios. The data obtained from CFD simulations was subsequently utilized to construct a surrogate model for fast prediction of gas plume behavior under varying environmental conditions. This facilitated the development of an effective emergency response plan.

Деятельность российских нефтегазовых компаний в Арктике: теория и практика резильентности в эпоху декарбонизации

Addressing global climate change presents a shared challenge, particularly for the development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) and for industrial companies operating in the region, including oil and gas producers. Given the strategic role of hydrocarbon development in the AZRF for ensuring Russia’s energy security and the responsibility of oil and gas companies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, it is critical to examine their role in enhancing the resilience of the AZRF amidst global decarbonization efforts. This article aims to provide a theoretical and practical analysis of the relationship between organizational and territorial resilience in the context of climate change. It focuses on the measures taken by Russian oil and gas companies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and minimize the anthropogenic impact of their operations in the AZRF. The empirical basis for this study is drawn from the corporate reports of the largest Russian oil and gas companies. Through a review of contemporary Russian and international research, key risks to the resilience of economic systems in the AZRF are identified. A conceptual framework is proposed, highlighting the role of oil and gas companies in supporting the resilience of the AZRF, particularly through decarbonization initiatives aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change, such as permafrost thawing. Content analysis has been used to categorize the environmental and industrial safety measures, as well as decarbonization efforts, undertaken by Russian oil and gas companies in the AZRF. The study concludes by outlining the various decarbonization scenarios and strategies implemented by these companies in the AZRF.

Proposal of an Effective Way of Rescuing People from a Cable Car

This study presents a proposal for procedures and recommendations for the evacuation of people from cable cars. The proposals and procedures were carried out in a specific facility located in the east of Slovakia. Cable cars represent a certain risk of endangering the lives and health of people. This threat can be caused by technical failures, meteorological conditions, or human factors. Despite the existing safety measures, which are at a high level today, extraordinary events occur on cable cars that require the intervention of the integrated rescue system. The rescue services themselves have their own specific rescue procedures and equipment for rescuing people from heights, and in this paper the most frequently used rescue procedures and methods performed by members of the Fire and Rescue Service will be presented. This paper summarizes individual rescue actions, activities, and technical equipment used in rescuing people from cable cars, as well as an analysis of individual rescue and evacuation techniques from the Skipark Erika cable car. The result of the contribution is a proposal for coordination and an evaluation of the best and most suitable method of rescue in terms of time and safety.