Safety Measures Research Articles

Crowd Analyzer using Trilateration and Keep Alive Signals

Tracking mobile phones in a specific area is crucial for assessing population density and understanding crowd dynamics. Traditional methods rely on Wi-Fi and GPS, but offline techniques like cell tower triangulation offer valuable insights even in areas with limited connectivity. By analyzing the number of mobile phones present, estimated through trilateration using signals from the phone's keep-alive signal, one can accurately estimate the crowd size. This information aids in urban planning, transportation management, event organization, and business strategies. Empowered with such data, decision-makers can optimize resource allocation, enhance safety measures, and improve overall societal well-being through informed decision-making.

Cybersecurity Considerations in Disaster Recovery Planning

Abstract: This article talks about the important link between cybersecurity and disaster recovery planning, showing how important it is to include strong security measures in disaster recovery plans. It looks at the risks and weaknesses that come up during disaster recovery, like being more open to online threats, having security controls broken, and the chance that vulnerabilities will appear again during the recovery process. Some of the most important things that the piece talks about to lower cyber risks are strong backup and recovery plans, data encryption, access controls, and authentication measures. It also stresses how important it is to have a clear plan for how to handle an event, regular training and education programs for cybersecurity, and ongoing improvement through testing and using new technologies. Case studies and examples from real life are used to show what happens when safety measures aren't up to par and how important it is to plan for all possible disasters.

A Case Study of Existing National Highway no. 5 & 6

Abstract: The case study of National Highways 5 and 6 provides insights into the infrastructure development, economic impact, and challenges associated with these critical transportation corridors. National Highway 5 stretches from Chennai to Kolkata, while National Highway 6 runs from Mumbai to Kolkata, serving as vital arteries connecting major cities and facilitating trade and commerce across regions. Both highways underwent significant upgrades and expansions to meet the growing demands of transportation and enhance connectivity between key economic hubs. This involved road widening, modernization of toll systems, and the implementation of safety measures to improve the overall quality of the highways. The case study may conclude by discussing future prospects for NH 5 and 6, including potential expansions, technology integration for smart transportation systems, and strategies to address emerging challenges such as climate change resilience and sustainable mobility.

Smart Safety with Password Based GSM Module Controlling Circuit Breaker

Abstract: This paper focus on Smart safety with password based GSM module controlling circuit breaker. In our daily life, Safety is the major concern for all activities. Accidental death of a lineman is often read and proven in current scenario. In view, safety measures to protect operators are considered to be very necessary in current working. Using passwords for security, Electrical lineman security systems are used to control circuit breakers. Serious electrical accidents occurs becoming increasingly, when repairing power lines. It is happen due to lack of communication and coordination between maintenance and substation personnel. In the proposed system, the on and off line turning operation with the lineman to ensure the safety of linemen. For that, a secure password is required to operate the breaker operation and maintenance point of view. First request is registered and password is sent to the line operator's mobile phone and GSM module by AVR microcontroller. Entered password and password received by the GSM receiver are compare. If password is match, the operation of circuit breaker will be smoothly operate. The operator gave three chances for incorrect password otherwise message will appear on the LCD display for security purposed. It also sent the message control room regarding unauthorized access to the system.

Advanced Helmet and License Plate Recognition: A Breakthrough in Safety and Surveillance Systems

Abstract: Helmet detection and license plate recognition have emerged as crucial components in ensuring safety and security in various domains, particularly in transportation and law enforcement. This review paper presents a comprehensive survey and analysis of methodologies, techniques, and advancements in the field of helmet detection and license plate recognition using computer vision and deep learning approaches. The paper investigates diverse datasets, algorithms, and architectures utilized for accurate detection and recognition of helmets worn by individuals in critical settings and the identification of license plates on vehicles. Furthermore, it explores the challenges, limitations, and future directions within these domains. The paper also evaluates the performance metrics, technological advancements, and potential applications in real-world scenarios, emphasizing the importance of these technologies in enhancing safety measures, traffic regulation, and security enforcement systems. Through this review, we aim to provide a consolidated overview and critical analysis of existing methodologies while identifying opportunities for future research and development in helmet detection and license plate recognition.

An Online Training Module to Increase Knowledge and Awareness of Chemical Exposures and Safety Measures Among Nail Salon Workers.

We developed an online training module targeting nail salon workers' knowledge of chemical exposure and safety, responding directly to the workers' expressed needs in a Midwest State. Following a needs assessment, we designed and developed the module content. Implementation and evaluation approaches were rolled out into three phases. Seven workers completed the English version of the module and 24 workers completed the Vietnamese version. The average pre-test scores for those who completed the English and Vietnamese versions of the training were 81.43% and 58.33% respectively. The average post-test score was 98.57% for English and 91.67% for Vietnamese. Culturally appropriate educational resources are effective facets of enhancing nail salon workers' awareness, and their occupational health subsequently.

Digital sailmate: enhancing safety through low-cost stability monitoring in artisanal fishing

Despite overall mortality decreasing, offshore fishing remains one of the riskiest work-based activities worldwide. For example, fishing communities in East Africa have a 43-fold higher rate of drowning than the general population. A lack of safety culture and knowledge around vessel stability contributes to this issue. Formal safety measures can be difficult to enforce, especially in small scale and subsistence fishing activities dominated by small artisanal boats. Digital technologies hold potential to effectively improve fishing safety. A digital safety device based on commonly held and relatively low-cost consumer products such as smartphones can provide increasing information to fishers enabling more informed safety decisions to be taken during vessel use. This paper proposes the algorithms for a prototype device to monitor stability of fishing vessels, with focus on the capabilities of low-fidelity data in stability assessment. The findings of experimental results at model and full scale are presented. The research indicates that an inclining test can be carried out with minimal training or knowledge base to allow an adequate stability assessment of a vessel before departure on a fishing trip. This baseline measure can then be used to track stability whilst underway as vessel motion is recorded and processed continually updating the stability assessment.

Barriers and strengthening strategies on the Korea safety laws for the application of hydrogen and ammonia as power generation fuels based on the expert survey

Hydrogen and ammonia have emerged as prominent next-generation clean energy sources pivotal for realizing a decarbonized society. However, their adoption has been marred by incidents ranging from leaks to fires, and explosions, underscoring the imperative for heightened safety protocols when utilizing these novel fuels. In light of this, this study scrutinizes Korean laws and regulations to assess the institutional framework governing the safe utilization of hydrogen and ammonia in power plants. Through this examination, four key limitations are identified: hydrogen laws do not comprehensively cover the entire hydrogen business sector, regulations regarding the revised usage of hydrogen and ammonia are either weak or absent, safety assessments in certain laws exclude new fuels, and there is a relaxation in requirements for appointing safety managers. This prompted an expert survey aimed at delineating strategies for improvement. A bespoke questionnaire, tailored to address the shortcomings of current legislation, was administered to 50 experts in the realms of decarbonized fuels or safety. Quantitative analysis of their responses revealed a consensus regarding the elevated risk posed by hydrogen and ammonia compared to conventional fuels, with hydrogen (72) deemed riskier than ammonia (65) and LNG (50). Moreover, a pressing need for bolstering the existing safety legal framework was highlighted. Notably, the survey underscored specific areas requiring attention, ranked in order of priority: the enactment of an Ammonia Act (78), augmentation of qualification requirements for safety managers under the Hydrogen Act (73), reinforcement of regulatory and technical standards, implementation of emergency response drills, classification of ammonia as a Class 4 hazardous material (70), and enhancement of criteria for appointing safety managers (59). Insights gleaned from the expert survey culminated in four improvements geared towards enhancing safety measures. There is a need to enact a stand-alone law specifically for ammonia, to strengthen standards for risk assessment and the appointment of safety managers. Additionally, there is a necessity to expand the scope of safety laws to include prevention and education initiatives, while also attempting to consolidate scattered laws for better coherence and effectiveness. This study advocates for comprehensive safety management systems to be established through extensive research preceding the commercialization of power plants utilizing new fuels.

Comparison of transforaminal and posterior lumbar interbody fusion outcomes in patients receiving a novel allograft versus rhBMP-2: a radiographic and patient-reported outcomes analysis.

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been demonstrated to achieve the highest rates of arthrodesis in multilevel lumbar fusion but is also associated with possible perioperative morbidity. A novel allograft (OSTEOAMP) is a differentiated allograft that retains growth factors supporting bone healing. The authors sought to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of rhBMP-2 and the novel allograft in lumbar interbody arthrodesis to determine if the latter may be a safer and equally effective alternative to rhBMP-2 for single- and multilevel posterior or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF or TLIF). Patients who underwent single- or multilevel TLIF or PLIF using either OSTEOAMP or rhBMP-2 at the authors' institution over a 2-year period were prospectively followed for 12 months. Healthcare utilization, safety measures, patient satisfaction, physical disability (measured on the Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]), back and leg pain (on the numeric rating scale [NRS]), quality of life (on the EQ-5D scale), and return to work (RTW) were prospectively recorded. For purposes of this study, this consecutive series was retrospectively analyzed and pseudarthrosis rates were assessed at 2 years of follow-up. All patients (100%) had both 12-month patient-reported outcome follow-up and 24-month clinical and radiographic follow-up. One thousand one hundred fifty-four patients (654 treated with OSTEOAMP, 500 with rhBMP-2) were prospectively enrolled in the institutional registry. After propensity score matching, there were no significant baseline differences between 330 novel allograft and 330 rhBMP-2 cases. Perioperative morbidity and 90-day hospital readmission (3.3% vs 2.4%, p = 0.485) did not significantly differ between the novel allograft and the rhBMP-2 cases. At the 2-year follow-up, symptomatic pseudarthrosis requiring revision surgery occurred in 8 patients (2.4%) with OSTEOAMP and 6 patients (1.8%) with rhBMP-2 (p = 0.589). The overall fusion rate at 2 years was similar between groups (p = 0.213). Both groups showed significant and equivalent improvement in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) from baseline to 12-month follow-up, with no significant difference in 1-year mean NRS leg pain score (2.5 vs 2.7), ODI (25 vs 26), quality-adjusted life years (0.73 vs 0.73), satisfaction (83% vs 80%), or RTW (6.6 vs 7 weeks). In the authors' institutional experience, OSTEOAMP is a clinically viable substitute for rhBMP-2 for single- and multilevel lumbar fusion. This novel allograft provides clinically effective arthrodesis and improvements in PROMs comparable to rhBMP-2 with a similar safety profile. Additional indications and outcome assessment in longitudinal studies are needed to further characterize this allogeneic graft.

An overview of the preparation and implementation of the Safety Case in support of the 2nd JET Deuterium-Tritium Experiment

Abstract An overview of the preparation and implementation of the JET DTE2 Safety Case is presented. The Safety Case regime, developed by UKAEA for fusion applications to demonstrate compliance with relevant regulations, and its implementation on UKAEA sites is outlined. The hazard assessment process and details of the methodology applied to assess key JET fault scenarios are provided. An outline of key inventories, their composition, and applied factors for consequence and risk assessment are discussed. The consequences resulting from key fault sequences, the designation of appropriate safety measures and the associated risks are summarised and compared against Basic Safety Limits and Objectives. Finally, some of the lessons learned from DTE2 following implementation are discussed.

FRESHNets: Highly Accurate and Efficient Food Freshness Assessment Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Food freshness classification is a growing concern in the food industry, mainly to protect consumer health and prevent illness and poisoning from consuming spoiled food. Intending to take a significant step towards improving food safety and quality control measures in the industry, this study presents two models based on deep learning for the classification of fruit and vegetable freshness: a robust model and an efficient model. Models’ performance evaluation shows remarkable results; in terms of accuracy, the robust model and the efficient model achieved 97.6% and 94.0% respectively, while in terms of Area Under the Curve (AUC) score, both models achieved more than 99%, with the difference in inference time between each model over 844 images being 13 seconds.

The importance of reinforcing advanced ceramics in space projects

This article addresses the role of advanced ceramics in space exploration, highlighting their importance in tackling the unique challenges of the extraterrestrial environment. Starting with an analysis of the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster in 2003, lessons learned and safety measures implemented in the aftermath of the incident are discussed. The properties of advanced ceramics, including resistance to extreme temperatures, chemical stability, and thermal insulation capability, are explored, along with their applicability in space missions, such as radiation protection, resistance to debris, and propulsion. Strategies for maximizing the resilience of ceramics in space environments are examined, including advanced manufacturing techniques and continuous monitoring systems. Finally, specific applications of ceramics in space components, such as rocket nozzles, propulsion systems, and heat-to-electricity conversion, are discussed, emphasizing the ongoing need for innovation to ensure the success of future space missions.

Design And Development Of Automated Electrical Circuit Fault Protector With Alarm System

In response to the critical need for fire and accident prevention in homes and establishments, this research presents an automated electrical circuit fault protector with an alarm system. The device automatically interrupts current flow upon detecting short circuits and overloads, safeguarding against potential hazards. Objectives include assessing sensitivity to faults, evaluating wireless remote-control performance, examining sound clarity, and ensuring voltage stability post-fault events. Equipped with a resettable system, the device allows manual or remote control. Using a developmental research method, data collection employed researcher-made observation and evaluation sheets. Thirty expert evaluators assessed the device. Micro testing revealed that the device was sensitive to faults and automatically triggered the alarm. With an overload rating of 1,500-3,000 watts, the device shuts off power automatically after the overload occurs and back to normal with a stable voltage once the problem was fixed, though this device was primarily designed only for micro-testing this device was customizable to user needs. Its alarm system boasts an audible range of up to 20 meters the same is through with remote control operation. Overall, the device effectively detects faults, incorporates an audible alarm, and supports remote operation, serving as a crucial safety measure against electrical mishaps and very acceptable in terms of design, composition, safety, and operating performance.

Failure of Lithium-Ion Batteries Accelerated by Gravity.

The safety concerns surrounding lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have garnered increasing attention due to their potential to endanger lives and incur significant financial losses. However, the origins of battery failures are diverse, presenting significant challenges in developing safety measures to mitigate accidental catastrophes. In this study, the aging mechanism of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2||graphite-based cylindrical 18,650 LIBs stored at room temperature for two years was investigated. It was found that an uneven distribution of electrolytes can be caused by gravity, leading to temperature variations within the battery. Specifically, it was observed that the temperature at the top of the battery was approximately -0.89 °C higher than at the bottom, correlating with an increase in partial internal resistance. Additionally, upon disassembly and analysis of spent batteries, the most significant damage to electrode materials at the top of the battery was observed. These findings suggest that gravity-induced electrolyte insufficiency exacerbates side reactions, particularly at the top of the battery. This study offers a unique perspective on the safety concerns associated with high-energy-density batteries in long-term and large-scale applications.

A Literature-Based Framework for Analysing Fall-From-Height Accidents and Safety Preventive Measures in the Construction Industry

Fall-from-height accidents are a significant cause of injuries and fatalities in construction industries. The occurrence of this accident may have been caused by any number of contributing factors. In addition, various preventive measures have been proposed to prevent this accident from occurring. To capture the true condition of a fall from height accident, the causes of the accident, the effects of the accident, and the preventive actions should be rendered out. Therefore, it is possible to analyse these accidents in order to determine their fundamental causes and implement effective preventative measures. This article presents a literature-based framework for analysing fall-from-height accidents. A literature review was conducted to examine existing studies and identify similar themes and patterns on fall from height accidents in the construction industry to illustrate the framework. Where the framework outlines the key factors that contribute to the accident. The framework comprises four main components: (1) fall from height accident, (2) causes of accident, (3) effect of accident, and (4) development of safety preventive measures. Along with the literature review that was carried out, an identification and outlining of the factors and subfactors of causes of accidents, effects of accidents, and preventative safety measures was taken out. The proposed framework provides a structured approach for analysing fall-from-height accidents, which can help organizations to identify the underlying causes of such accidents and implement appropriate measures to prevent them. The framework is flexible and can be adapted to suit the needs of other industries and organizations. The paper also discusses the future research directions.

Modelling Context Effects in Exit Choice for Building Evacuations

Understanding exit choice behaviour is essential for optimising safety management strategies in building evacuations. Previous research focused on contextual attributes, such as spatial information, influencing exit choice, often using utility models based on monotonic functions of attributes. However, during emergencies, evacuees typically make rapid, less calculated decisions. The choice of context can significantly impact the evaluation of attributes, leading to preference reversals within the same choice set but under varying context conditions. This cognitive psychological phenomenon, known as context effects, encompasses the compromise effect, the similarity effect, and the attraction effect. While researchers have long recognised the pivotal role of context effects in human decision making, their incorporation into computer-aided evacuation management remains limited. To address this gap, we introduce context effects (CE) in a social force (SF) model, CE-SF. Evaluating CE-SF’s performance against the UF-SF model, which considers only the utility function (UF), we find that CE-SF better replicates exit choice behaviour across urgency levels, highlighting its potential to enhance evacuation strategies. Notably, our study identifies three distinct context effects during evacuations, emphasising their importance in advancing safety measures.

Youth Sources of News During the COVID-19 Period

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has produced a global health crisis that has had a deep impact on the way we perceive our world and everyday lives. Not only the spread rate of contagion and patterns of transmission endangered our sense of security, but the safety measures put in place to contain the spread of the virus also require social distancing. In this context of physical threat, social and physical distancing, the role of the different mass media channels and social media in lives of individual, social and societal levels cannot be underestimated.

Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Experience in the Application and Management of Pesticides

A survey was conducted on some vegetable farmers from a few selected vegetable growing areas in Bangladesh to know their social aspects, pesticide knowledge, practices, safety measures, resources and effects of pesticides. A survey questionnaire was developed and sent to 90 randomly selected vegetable farmers to determine to what extent they used pesticides. Almost 87% of the farmers’ stored pesticides in their houses without safety consideration but only about 13% used special storage. About 78.7% of farmers never read the label before applying pesticides. The most protective clothes reported by the farmers were nose masks (18.2%), and about three-fourths (71.7%) of them did not use any protective clothing. The majority (61.8%) of the farmers threw away their empty containers, and only 16.9% burned them. The majority of farmers (92.1%) applied pesticides as both curative and preventive measures. Almost all farmers reported that infested pests were identified by themselves by observing damage to flowers & fruits (86.5%) and leaves & green parts (13.5%). Most of the farmers (64%) selected pesticides for controlling pests by themselves, and 28.1% with the help of experienced farmers. Nearly 45.0% of respondents have moderate knowledge, and 44.8% have good knowledge in pesticide application and management. The most common pesticide related illnesses and injuries reported by respondents were headache/dizziness (44.9%), weakness (33.7%), stomach cramps (29.2%), and blue-red vision (16.9%). Only 23.6% of farmers observed that pesticides decrease plant yield, and 18.0% of farmers knew that pesticides destroy soil microorganisms. As the environment and human health were poorly considered, only 19.1% of respondents were bio-pesticides, 4.5% were organic pesticides, 2.2% were non-persistence pesticides, and 2.2% were natural enemy users. Respondents have very poor knowledge about modern pest control methods like beneficial microorganisms (4.7%), beneficial insects (3.5%), biological control of pests (3.5%), IPM (2.3%), SIT (1.2%), and GMO crops (1.2%). Farmers’ age was correlated negatively with education (r = -0.380) and positively with experience (r = 0.909, P < 0.01). Pesticide related illness and injuries had a significant correlation with age (r = 0.465) and experience (r = 0.395). Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 9(2): 111–124, 2023 (December)

Characterization of transfusion-relevant bacteria reference strains in a lyophilized format.

Blood safety measures used by blood establishments to increase blood component safety can be validated using Transfusion-Relevant Bacterial Reference Strains (TRBRS). Ultra-cold storage conditions and manual preparation of the current TRBRS may restrict their practical use. To address this issue, the ISBT Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party's Bacterial Subgroup organized an international study to validate TRBRS in a user-friendly, lyophilised format. Two bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae PEI-B-P-08 and Staphylococcus aureus PEI-B-P-63 were manufactured as lyophilised material. The lyophilised bacteria were distributed to 11 different labs worldwide to assess the robustness for enumeration, identification and determination of growth kinetics in platelet concentrates (PCs). Production of lyophilised TRBRS had no impact on the growth properties compared with the traditional format. The new format allows a direct low-quantity spiking of approximately 30 bacteria in PCs for transfusion-relevant experiments. In addition, the lyophilised bacteria exhibit long-term stability across a broad temperature range and can even be directly rehydrated in PCs without losing viability. Interlaboratory comparative study demonstrated the robustness of the new format as 100% of spiked PC exhibited growth. Lyophilised TRBRS provide a user-friendly material for transfusion-related studies. TRBRS in the new format have improved features that may lead to a more frequent use in the quality control of transfusion-related safety measures in the future.

Newly Constructed Subway on Over-Track Bridge Safety and Vibration Reduction Measure

Primarily generated at the interface between the wheel and the rail, railroad vibrations then propagate through the supporting soil. If these vibrations reach nearby bridges and buildings, they amplify the vibration nuisance and cause ground noise, which has detrimental effects on nearby residents, sensitive equipment, and historic structures. By analyzing measured data from metro vibration field vibration experiments, this article attempts to contribute to the body of knowledge on environmental vibration propagation patterns by offering insightful conclusions. Before analyzing the deformation response of the metro jet system (MJS) vibration isolation piles to the structure and the ground, we investigated the effect of MJS vibration isolation piles in the ground of the existing subway tunnel structure on the control of vibration of the proximate structure and conducted dynamic tests on the vibration of bridges without vibration isolation measures caused by operating subway trains. The tests determined that the acceleration of the bridge’s lateral vibration exceeded the code limit; one of the contributing factors was that the bridge’s structure had already sustained damage. The utilization of MJS isolation piles was also discovered to safeguard the extant bridge pile foundations. The paper presents an innovation in the form of economically viable vibration mitigation strategies that were implemented subsequent to the identification that the lateral vibration acceleration of the preexisting bridge surpassed the prescribed code standards. Considerable insight is gained regarding the design and implementation of vibration control systems for structures situated near caverns, encompassing deep foundation works.