Safety Improvement Research Articles

Managing emotions and occupational demands: A phenomenological exploration of the experiences of child exploitation support workers

Abstract Protecting children from criminal and sexual exploitation is a priority for safeguarding teams across the globe. Supporting children who are at risk of exploitation is a demanding role with high staff turnover. Experiences of third-sector child exploitation support workers, commissioned to deliver interventions to safeguard children from exploitation, have been neglected. This study presents an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of semi-structured interviews of eight child exploitation support workers employed by a service in England. Three experiential group themes were developed that captured the emotional and occupational complexities of their experiences performing their role. ‘Costs and Rewards of Emotional Labour’ depicted how emotions were managed to meet the requirements of the role. ‘Navigating Autonomy: The Double-Edged Sword of Empowerment and Loneliness’ highlighted unique perceptions of autonomous working. ‘“We are in really vulnerable situations at times”: Exploring Perceptions of Risk’ demonstrated how, collectively, participants felt vulnerable to risks when carrying out their role. The study provides insight that these third-sector employees face similar challenges as the regulated workforce and that it is crucial that policymakers and senior managers develop safety and system improvements to increase employees’ perceived and actual safety and well-being.

Development and application of a non-technical skills coaching intervention framework for surgeons: A pilot quality improvement initiative

Non-technical skills (NTS) challenges experienced by surgeons may degrade performance, ultimately impacting the safety and quality of care delivered to patients. The objectives of this work were to develop a framework for NTS coaching for surgeons and implement a coaching program utilizing the developed NTS coaching framework. Leveraging adult learning and self-determination theories, a specialty-agnostic NTS coaching framework was developed for individual coaching sessions with robotic surgeons. The framework was used to deliver NTS coaching sessions to robotic surgeons. Surgeon’s robotic procedures were recorded, and expert raters assessed their NTS using the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons tool. Measures of surgeon satisfaction, learning outcomes, and performance improvement were determined. Cohen’s d statistic was used to estimate the effect size of the coaching intervention. To pilot the program, ten robotic-assisted surgeries (five pre-coaching and five post-coaching) were observed from five practicing robotic surgeons who were recruited from a large academic healthcare system. Expert raters’ assessment of surgeons’ NTS revealed several exemplar and non-exemplar behaviors. Surgeons were satisfied with the coaching, rating its quality very highly on all NTS dimensions. On a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), surgeons had a stronger agreement that the coaching could improve their situation awareness (4.0±.5) and leadership (4.8±.2) skills compared to their decision making and communication (3.8±.7). From the post-coaching observations, coaching had medium-to-large effect on situation awareness (d = .65) and leadership (d = .41), small effect on communication and teamwork (d = .14), and no effect on decision-making. Overall, the coaching intervention had a medium effect on total NTS (d = .33). We presented a quality improvement initiative to enhance the NTS of surgeons by implementing a coaching program that leverages our developed NTS framework. Recognizing the importance of NTS in surgeries, our initiative shows a commitment to continuous improvement of patient safety and quality of care.

Non-secreting IL12 expressing oncolytic adenovirus Ad-TD-nsIL12 in recurrent high-grade glioma: a phase I trial

Malignant glioma is a highly fatal central nervous system malignancy with high recurrence rates. Oncolytic viruses offer potential treatment but need improvement in efficacy and safety. Here we describe a phase I, dose-escalating, single arm trial (ChiCTR2000032402) to study the safety of Ad-TD-nsIL12, an oncolytic adenovirus expressing non-secreting interleukin-12, in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma that connects with the ventricular system. Eight patients received intratumoral treatment via stereotaxis or an Ommaya reservoir, with doses ranging from 5 × 109 to 5 × 1010vp. The primary end point was to determine the maximal tolerated dose. Secondary endpoints included toxicity and anti-tumour ability. Minimal adverse events were observed at doses of 5 × 109 and 1 × 1010vp. Grade 3 seizure was observed in two patients from Cohort 3 (5 × 1010vp). Therefore, the maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 1 × 1010vp. Four patients developed hydrocephalus during follow-up. Among them, symptoms in two patients were relieved after placement of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, and the other two only showed ventriculomegaly on MRI scan without neurological deterioration. Complete response (according to Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Criteria) in one patient, a partial response in one patient and post-treatment infiltrations of CD4+ and CD8 + T cells into the tumour were documented during this trial. In conclusion, Ad-TD-nsIL12 has demonstrated safety and preliminary efficacy in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.

A Honeycomb Film Template-Based Method for High-Throughput Preparation of Anti-Salmonella typhimurium 14,028 Phage Microgels

Developing efficient anti-microbials for thoroughly addressing Salmonella contamination is essential for the improvement of food safety. Phage-built materials have shown great potential for biocontrol in environments. Due to challenges in delivery and stability, their widespread use has remained unattainable. Here, we have developed a honeycomb film template-based method for the high-throughput preparation of phage microgels. The honeycomb film template can be simply fabricated in a humid chamber based on a well-established breath figure method. The bacteriophage microgels can be further manufactured by dropping a pre-gelation solution containing bacteriophages into a honeycomb film template. This method can produce over 210,000 phage microgels in every square centimeter template with each microgel containing 1.04 × 107 phages. They can kill 99.90% of the contaminated S. typhimurium 14,028 on chicken samples. This simple, heat-free, and solvent-free method can maintain the strong anti-bacterial efficiency of phages, which can expand the wide application of phage-built microgels for food decontamination.

Analysis of Children's Road Crashes in Hungary

In the EU, more than 6,000 children died in road accidents between 2011 and 2020. Children are particularly vulnerable road users, and they need to be protected. This underlines the importance of the Safe System approach. The Safe System approach is a holistic view of road safety, which integrates the different elements of the traffic system and takes human vulnerability and fallibility into account. Children are still in the phase of developing the cognitive and physical skills necessary to travel safely in traffic. Because of their small size, children are less visible than other road users and less experienced; they can easily become innocent victims in collisions. Despite significant improvements in vehicle safety in recent years, almost half of all child road deaths occur while traveling in cars. Limited data is available on the correct use of child seats in cars across the EU, but studies have shown that misuse remains a significant problem. Several measures have been taken in recent years to make it safer for children to travel on the roads, but many more interventions are needed to further improve their safety. Our research aimed to examine the characteristics of child accidents in Hungary and to highlight the main road safety problems affecting children in Hungary.

Coping difficulties after inpatient hospital treatment: validity and reliability of the German version of the post-discharge coping difficulty scale.

Patients transitioning between different care contexts are at increased risk of experiencing adverse events. In particular, being discharged to home after inpatient treatment involves significant risks. However, there is a lack of valid and internationally comparable assessment tools on patients' experiences of difficulties following hospital discharge. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt and validate the German version of the post-discharge coping difficulty scale (PDCDS-G). Patients were recruited at a German university hospital. 815 adult patients participated in a self-report survey following an inpatient stay of at least three days. Factorial validity of the PDCDS-G was evaluated via factor analyses. Further, examination of measurement invariance was performed. To establish criterion validity, associations with patients' self-reported health status and occurrence of patient safety were determined. Further, group differences regarding patient characteristics, hospitalization factors, and survey-related variables were examined. Factorial validity of the PDCDS-G was confirmed by a two-factorial model with good model fit. Both factors showed good to excellent reliability. The two-factor model achieved measurement invariance across all patient characteristics, hospitalization factors, and survey-related variables. Significant relationships with patients' health status and the occurrence of patient safety incidents corroborate criterion validity of the PDCDS-G. Differential associations of the two PDCDS-G factors regarding patient characteristics, hospitalization, and survey-related variables were found. Construct and criterion validity, as well as the reliability of the PDCDS-G, were verified. Further, instrument's measurement invariance was confirmed allowing use of the scale for the interpretation of group differences and comparisons between studies. The PDCDS-G provides a validated and comparable patient-reported outcomes measure for patient experiences after hospital discharge to home. The PDCDS-G can be used for patient surveys in quality or patient safety improvement in care transition processes.

Experiences of Nurses Speaking Up in Healthcare Settings: A Qualitative Metasynthesis.

To systematically review and synthesise qualitative research on nurses' experiences of speaking up in various contexts and to identify factors facilitating or impeding such a behaviour. This review was conducted as a qualitative metasynthesis, utilising the qualitative meta-ethnography approach. A total of 6250 articles were screened. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full texts. A total of 15 studies were included in this review. Researchers conducted a quality appraisal using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. An a priori protocol was created and registered on the Open Science Framework. Literature searches were conducted in five international bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) and five Korean databases (RISS, KISS, DBpia, KCI and NDSL). Three main themes were identified from the 15 studies used in the metasynthesis: (1) decisional complexity of speaking up, (2) motivators for speaking up and (3) barriers to speaking up. Nurses experienced challenges in speaking up. They were, and continue to be, concerned about negative responses. Hierarchy structure and poor work environment were identified as barriers to speaking up; professional responsibility and a supportive atmosphere were identified as facilitators for speaking up. This review synthesised nurses' experiences of speaking up and influencing factors. Speaking up is crucial for nurses to improve patient safety, as frontline nurses are ideally positioned to observe early indicators of unsafe conditions in healthcare delivery. Identified motivators and barriers of nurses' speaking-up behaviour offer considerations and opportunities for healthcare leaders and managers. This could lead to improvement in patient safety through the establishment of a safety culture that facilitates nurses' speaking-up behaviour. The review adhered to the ENTREQ guideline. No patient or public contribution has been made in this review.

A novel stent flow chamber system demonstrates reduced thrombogenicity of bioresorbable magnesium scaffolds

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by narrowing and subsequent blockade of coronary arteries, and imposes a significant health and economic burden. Stent and scaffold devices are introduced in advanced CAD to improve vascular stability and restore blood flow. Although in vitro flow systems like the Chandler loop have been developed to enhance the understanding of interactions between device materials, their coatings, and vascular cells, imaging-based in vitro analysis of device performance is limited. In this study, we established a novel stent flow chamber system designed to assess the thrombogenicity of bioresorbable magnesium scaffold (RMS) and stent materials in vitro. Additionally, we compared the thrombogenicity – an important clinical parameter in stent performance – of the Magmaris-316 L stainless steel stent with its predecessors, Magmaris RMS and a prototype of the third-generation RMS (DREAMS 3G). Analysis of platelet adhesion and coverage of the different devices under flow conditions demonstrated that the Magmaris RMS exhibits reduced thrombogenicity compared to the Magmaris-316 L stainless steel stent. Moreover, thrombogenicity of the DREAMS 3G prototype, composed of BIOmag material, is further decreased compared to its predecessors. The observed reduction in thrombogenicity of the DREAMS 3G prototype in vitro suggests additional improvements in clinical safety and efficacy, highlighting its promise for treating CAD. Future research on this prototype may thus open avenues for analyzing other blood components and patient-derived endothelial cells. In line with the 3R principles, this approach may also help reduce the need for animal testing.

Constructing a multifunctional reactive MXene-based additive for micro-crosslinking polyurea elastomer to achieve superior mechanical properties and enhanced fire safety

The widespread application of polyurea (PUA) in protective coatings typically requires excellent flame retardancy due to real-world usage scenarios. However, the addition of flame retardant additives often compromises the material’s mechanical properties. In this study, a multifunctional reactive additive, MX-SP-NH2, was creatively prepared by covalently grafting spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate disphosphoryl chloride (SPDPC) onto MXene (Ti3C2Tx) surfaces, followed by the introduction of 1,3-propanediamine (PDA) by the reaction with SPDPC. MX-SP-NH2 was then incorporated into PUA, participating in its crosslinking process and significantly enhancing both its mechanical strength and flame retardancy. Compared to the control PUA sample, the micro-crosslinked PUA sample with just 1.0 wt% MX-SP-NH2 demonstrated a 184.3% increase in tensile strength, a 126.1% increase in elongation at break, and a 436.3% increase in toughness. The flammability characterization revealed that the peak heat release rate, peak smoke production rate, and peak CO production rate were reduced by 31.7%, 28.9%, and 61.5%, respectively, indicating a substantial improvement in fire safety. Additionally, the flame retardant PUA-based flexible strain sensors demonstrated stable electrical signal responsiveness. This work has opened up new potential applications of PUA in flexible electronics.

Examination of Salmonella Prevalence in Pigs Through Rye-Based Feeding and Coarser Feed Structure Under Field Conditions.

Salmonellosis is the second most commonly occurring bacterial zoonosis in Germany. Rye in pig feeding offers new possibilities for addressing that issue due to its high content of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). These are fermented in the intestinal tract to specific fermentation products, which seem to have bacteriolytic effects against Salmonella. A coarse feed structure can display synergistic effects. Seven conventional pig fattening farms increased the rye content (40%-70%) while limiting the amount of fine particles (maximum of 20% ≤0.25mm). Samples from pigs were tested for Salmonella antibodies and compared with samples from 167 farms without any changes to the feed. Rye-based diets had a significant (p<0.05) impact on Salmonella antibody (percentage optical density [OD%]) detection. In this study, it became apparent that significantly fewer positive OD% values could be detected due to the increase in rye compared to farms that did not change the feed (Farm 6 P0: 35.45±36.18; P1: 15.48±16.98; P2: 9.36±8.17). An elimination of Salmonella could not be achieved, but especially farms with high antibody counts were able to strongly reduce those in both phases consecutively (Farm 5 P0: 35.17±35.53; P1: 18.56a±20.96; P2: 13.38a±18.99). That was different on farms without adapted feeding, where an increase in Salmonella antibodies was observed (P0: 17.38±22.21; P1: 20.12±25.39; P2: 18.12±25.44). By increasing the proportion of rye and limiting the proportion of fine particles in the feed, Salmonella antibodies (OD% values) in meat juice and blood can be significantly reduced, especially on farms with an initially high incidence of Salmonella. If that is implemented in feeding across the board on farms, an improvement in food safety and a decreased risk of zoonosis can be expected.

Experimental study on the low-temperature preheating performance of positive-temperature-coefficient heating film in the prismatic power battery module

The performance of a power battery directly affects the thermal safety performance of the vehicle. Aiming at the improvement of thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries under low temperature condition, this study focuses on the effect of the positive-temperature-coefficient (PTC) heating film on the heating performance of batteries through experimental testing. First, the side and bottom of the cell were heated, and the heat transfer path and mode of the single cell were analyzed. The effects of different power densities and geometric positions on the heating effect were studied by testing the heating time and temperature consistency. Second, for the battery module, a low-temperature heating thermal management heat transfer model was built to analyze the heating mechanism of the heating film under different heating power densities. Finally, the results of these studies were synthesized to obtain the optimal heating power density. The results show that for the cell, the optimum power density of side heating and bottom heating is 0.5 W /cm2 and 0.4 W /cm2, respectively. The time required for side heating from −20 °C to 10 °C is 730 s lower than that of bottom heating, and the maximum temperature difference is 1.885 °C lower. For battery modules, a power density of 0.5 W/cm2 was appropriate for both bottom and side heating methods. Due to the existence of heat conduction between battery packs, the battery modules will be quickly and evenly preheated. Under the optimal power density, the time length for side heating from –20 °C to 10 °C was 1459 s, and the maximum temperature difference was 6.32 °C; bottom heating time required slightly more time (1783 s), and the maximum temperature difference was 6.221 °C. Side heating can be beneficial for the rapid preheating of the battery module. This study will contribute to improving the performance and safety of batteries in cold environments.

Implementation of Clinical Research Aimed at Antimicrobial Stewardship

The implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AS) is an important issue that pharmacists should promote through cooperation with physicians and other medical professionals. A core strategy for AS is "proactive intervention and feedback" on antimicrobial prescriptions. We evaluated the AS program to optimize antimicrobial chemotherapy in patients with positive blood cultures. For patients with bacteremia, the rate of bacterial disappearance significantly improved in cases in which the feedback based on the antimicrobial susceptibility testing results by the AS team was accepted than in cases in which it was not. Additionally, we attempted to conduct therapeutic drug monitoring for important antimicrobial agents, such as colistin (anti-multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa agent), vancomycin, daptomycin (antibiotics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), and voriconazole (antifungal drug), to optimize dosage and administration for efficacy and safety. For daptomycin, we found a correlation between plasma through concentration and musculoskeletal toxicity in a clinical study. Moreover, direct toxicity to human skeletal cells was observed in an in vitro study using human myoblast cultures. Overall, the results of these studies indicate that further clinical research on AS may aid the improvement of patient efficacy and safety.

Application of systems safety principles for O&M of floating offshore wind

Abstract The offshore wind industry is growing rapidly and is also a high risk industry with unique safety challenges. As the industry grows, more research is needed to make sure it operates safely and provides a workplace in which all involved can go home free of injury. The adoption of floating wind turbines brings new hazards and increased complexity to offshore wind operations and maintenance. Floating wind operations will involve the development of new deepwater sites and require the adoption of new strategies such as floating to floating transfers and towing operations. As the complexity of offshore operations increases it is important that the understanding of the hazards involved are developed. Floating wind is a new branch of the offshore wind industry and as technologies and systems have yet to become established there is the opportunity to do things differently and embed safety improvements in the industry from the outset. This study has looked at the potential application of systems safety theories to floating wind operations and maintenance. The application of systems engineering to improve safety performance has been growing across many industries in recent years. Systems safety considers that safety is an emergent property of a complex system that is a result of many interacting factors. This study looks at how systems safety could be applied to the emerging floating wind industry to build safety into the industry at the earliest stages. This study reviewed the applications of systems safety across similar industries and the offshore wind industry. It then looks at existing hazards of floating wind that have already been identified in the literature and completed a systems theory hazard analysis of floating wind O&amp;M activities. This involved the mapping of the safety control structure for floating wind operations and the identification of potential gaps between the safety controls and safety requirements. It then explores how systems safety processes could be applied to floating wind and makes recommendations for how these could be implemented to the emergent industry. The study found existing research of systems safety applied to the offshore wind industry is currently very limited. Its application has been successful in similar industries and there is potential for a systems safety approach to be used in the development of floating wind operations and maintenance. The systems theory hazard analysis can help identify potential systemic risks arising as a result of the interaction of multiple systems. It can be used to develop appropriate control structures to manage safety and could also be used for the identification of leading indicators to manage safety performance.

Governmental Expenditures and the Challenges to Improve Road Safety in Brazil

This article addresses governmental actions to improve road safety through the analysis of road traffic fatalities and expenditures in education, engineering, and enforcement (the 3E’s approach) in Brazil between 2011 and 2021 from the Fundo Nacional de Segurança e Educação de Trânsito (Funset), a public fund to support actions in safety, education, and engineering to improve Brazilian road safety. Graphical analysis was conducted, Pearson correlation coefficient was used for the variables of Funset expenditures (lnpay) and road deaths in Brazil (lndeaths), and a linear regression model was built to estimate the variation in road fatalities as a function of Funset expenditures. The results show a decrease in road deaths in Brazil with a slight upward trend and a reduction in Funset expenditures for road safety improvement. There is a positive correlation between the downward trend in Funset public investments in education, engineering, and enforcement and fatalities on roads of 0.79. Funset expenditures are inadequately allocated with low expenditure execution average (16.8%). There are many challenges for the Brazilian public administration to ensure road safety, however, it is important to maintain financial support for road safety strategies to improve it and save lives.

Ozonation procedure for removal of mycotoxins in maize: A promising screening approach for improvement of food safety.

Mycotoxins are well known secondary metabolites of various fungi. They pose a significant threat to human and animal when present in food or feed. They can be responsible for losses in grain production and in livestock or human intoxication. In this study, several mycotoxins were detected in Aspergillus fumigatus contaminated maize kernels. The contaminated kernels were treated with gaseous ozone at a concentration of 500 and 3000 ppm for 1 hour. Depending on the specific compound, the contamination level was reduced by up to 100%. This screening research showed that a concentration of ozone as high as 3000 ppm could be sufficient to completely remove several toxic compounds from the maize matrix.

Optimizing Solar Power Generation and Integration in Automotive Systems Through IoT

Objective: This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)- based system with edge intelligence that predicts power production with over 98% accuracy and monitors substations and smart solar installations, ensuring reliable power distribution in industrial IoT environments. This system enhances sustainability, safety, and energy management in smart buildings by reducing power fluctuations by 30% and improving decision-making, leading to a 95% reduction in energy management costs. Method: An IoT-enabled power monitoring system was implemented for smart solar panels and substations, incorporating edge intelligence for instantaneous prediction and decision-making. An IoT-enabled solar charging station was deployed for smart homes and Industry 4.0 applications. The cloud was used for analyzing sensor data, with a response time of less than 1 second. Findings: The proposed framework increased the efficiency and reliability of power production and distribution by 25% across commercial, residential, and industrial contexts. It significantly mitigated power fluctuations, reducing downtime by 40% and achieving a 95% cost reduction in energy management compared to traditional systems. IoT integration improved safety and sustainability metrics by 20% in smart buildings. Novelty: The framework integrates edge intelligence with IoT in smart solar systems and substations, providing a sophisticated control system that enhances power distribution decision-making. It facilitates real-time monitoring and prediction of power production with over 98% accuracy, emphasizing sustainability, safety, and energy management improvements of up to 30% in smart buildings. Keywords: IoT-based control system, Smart solar systems, Edge intelligence, Power substations, Load management, Energy sustainability

Virtual reality simulation and real-life training programs for cataract surgery: a scoping review of the literature

BackgroundCataract surgery requires a high level of dexterity and experience to avoid serious intra- and post-operative complications. Proper surgical training and evaluation during the learning phase are crucial to promote safety in the operating room (OR). This scoping review aims to report cataract surgery training efficacy for patient safety and trainee satisfaction in the OR when using virtual reality simulators (EyeSi [Haag-Streit, Heidelberg, Germany] or HelpMeSee [HelpMeSee foundation, Jersey city, New Jersey, United States]) or supervised surgical training on actual patients programs in residents.MethodsAn online article search in the PubMed database was performed to identify studies proposing OR performance assessment after virtual-reality simulation (EyeSi or HelpMeSee) or supervised surgical training on actual patients programs. Outcome assessment was primarily based on patient safety (i.e., intra- and post- operative complications, OR performance, operating time) and secondarily based on trainee satisfaction (i.e., subjective assessment).ResultsWe reviewed 18 articles, involving 1515 participants. There were 13 using the EyeSi simulator, with 10 studies conducted in high-income countries (59%). One study used the HelpMeSee simulator and was conducted in India. The four remaining studies reported supervised surgical training on actual patients, mostly conducted in low- middle- income countries. Training programs greatly differed between studies and the level of certainty was considered low. Only four studies were randomized clinical trials. There were 17 studies (94%) proposing patient safety assessments, mainly through intraoperative complication reports (67%). Significant safety improvements were found in 80% of comparative virtual reality simulation studies. All three supervised surgery studies were observational and reported a high amount of cataract surgeries performed by trainees. However, intraoperative complication rates appeared to be higher than in virtual reality simulation studies. Trainee satisfaction was rarely assessed (17%) and did not correlate with training outcomes.ConclusionsPatient safety assessment in the OR remains a major concern when evaluating the efficacy of a training program. Virtual reality simulation appears to lead to safer outcomes compared to that of supervised surgical training on actual patients alone, which encourages its use prior to performing real cases. However, actual training programs need to be more consistent, while maintaining a balance between financial, cultural, geographical, and accessibility factors.

A Cloud Infrastructure for Health Monitoring in Emergency Response Scenarios

Wearable devices have a significant impact on society, and recent advancements in modern sensor technologies are opening up new possibilities for healthcare applications. Continuous vital sign monitoring using Internet of Things solutions can be a crucial tool for emergency management, reducing risks in rescue operations and ensuring the safety of workers. The massive amounts of data, high network traffic, and computational demands of a typical monitoring application can be challenging to manage with traditional infrastructure. Cloud computing provides a solution with its built-in resilience and elasticity capabilities. This study presents a Cloud-based monitoring architecture for remote vital sign tracking of paramedics and medical workers through the use of a mobile wearable device. The system monitors vital signs such as electrocardiograms and breathing patterns during work sessions, and it is able to manage real-time alarm events to a personnel management center. In this study, 900 paramedics and emergency workers were monitored using wearable devices over a period of 12 months. Data from these devices were collected, processed via Cloud infrastructure, and analyzed to assess the system’s reliability and scalability. The results showed a significant improvement in worker safety and operational efficiency. This study demonstrates the potential of Cloud-based systems and Internet of Things devices in enhancing emergency response efforts.

Evaluation and Improvement of Construction Safety for Prefabricated Buildings Under the Concept of Resilience

In the construction of prefabricated buildings, safety issues occur frequently, posing challenges to project progress and personnel safety. As a new trend in the construction industry, the complexity of the environment in prefabricated construction demands an update to traditional safety management concepts. This study introduces the concept of resilience to analyze safety issues in prefabricated construction and develops a WSR-4Rs framework for a systematic evaluation of construction safety. The study first combines the WSR (Wuli-Shili-Renli) systematic methodology with the 4R resilience theory to construct an evaluation index system for construction safety. Then, it uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the entropy weight method to determine the combined weights of each index, establishing a balanced and objective weighting scheme. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is then applied to assess actual project cases. Finally, an obstacle degree model is introduced to identify key indicator factors that significantly impact construction safety, and specific improvement measures are proposed based on these findings. The aim is to provide practical references and guidance for enhancing the safety management level in prefabricated construction.

Safety in Perioperative Period in Laparoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized the field of surgery, offering significant improvements in patient outcomes such as reduced recovery times, pain, and hospital stays compared to traditional open surgery. However, safety concerns arose with its introduction, prompting the need for advancements in technique and equipment. This article explores critical safety improvements in laparoscopic surgery, simulating a patient’s perioperative journey. Key topics include the importance of team briefings, proper patient positioning, ergonomics, optimal laparoscopic setup, safe port insertion techniques, pneumoperitoneum management, instrument handling, and hemostasis. The review highlights the ongoing need for research and consensus in patient safety practices within laparoscopic surgery.