Safety Awareness Research Articles

Consumer Perception of the Performance of Online Catering Food Safety Regulations: The Case of Shanghai, China.

To protect the safety of food bought from the online catering sector, the former State Food and Drug Administration of China issued two separate regulations in 2016 and 2017. Independently, the Shanghai government formulated local regulations, including the Shanghai Online Catering Service Supervision and Management Measures, to strengthen food safety supervision in this megacity with the largest catering sector in China. This study explored factors that influence consumer perceptions of the performance of online catering food safety regulations using survey data from 1050 respondents collected in 2019. The results indicate that consumers believe that Shanghai's online catering industry has improved by varying degrees in terms of food freshness, ingredient traceability, foreign matter control, food temperature control, internal packaging hygiene and environmental protection, and satisfaction with food safety. The factors that influenced the listed features include the number and effectiveness of government-issued regulations regarding the online catering sector, effectiveness of ordering platform food safety regulations, employee training frequency, employee food safety awareness, delivery box cleanliness and courier personal hygiene, consumer trust in ordering platform services, and consumer confidence in government supervision. These factors significantly and positively affected the consumers' perceptions of the performance of food safety regulations in the online catering sector.

Enhancing mutual understanding of e-scooter user’s perspective in overtaking maneuver through replaying own driving trajectory

The global adoption of e-scooters as a convenient mode of micro-mobility transportation is on the rise, offering a flexible solution for covering first- and last-mile journeys. However, this surge in usage brings challenges, particularly concerning road safety, as e-scooter riders often share road space with other vehicles, heightening the risk of serious accidents. While numerous studies have explored safe overtaking behaviors and safety perceptions from drivers’ viewpoints, limited attention has been given to understanding the varying safety perceptions of both drivers and e-scooter riders, particularly after riding an e-scooter and being overtaken by their own vehicles. This research aims to bridge this gap by examining variations in safety perceptions and assessing behavioral changes before and after experiencing overtaking scenarios. Specifically, the study focuses on scenarios where an e-scooter rider experiences being overtaken by a vehicle they had previously driven. A Unity-based sequential simulation process is employed to replay scenarios obtained from a vehicle simulator during an e-scooter experiment involving the same participant without their awareness. This innovative approach allows e-scooter rider participants to relive their own prior vehicle overtaking maneuvers while riding an e-scooter. The findings reveal that most participants (64%) felt less safe as e-scooter riders, influenced by factors like relative speed and acceleration of overtaking vehicles. After experiencing being overtaken by their own pre-driven vehicles, a noteworthy positive correlation emerged between safety perception and lateral distance, indicating that greater distance is derived from a better understanding of e-scooter safety. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the sequential simulation strategy in fostering safe driving behavior and raising road safety awareness. Experiencing overtaking behaviors firsthand as an e-scooter rider, previously behind the wheel of the overtaking vehicle, encourages a heightened awareness of road safety. These findings have significant implications for road safety authorities, suggesting the potential application of this approach in driver education programs. By incorporating such interventions tailored to improve the safety of vulnerable road users, authorities can take proactive steps towards mitigating risks associated with micro-mobility transportation.

Enhancing radiation safety awareness and practices among female radiographers: a comprehensive approach

ObjectiveThis study evaluates the level of radiation safety awareness and adherence to protective practices among pregnant female radiographers in the United Arab Emirates, aiming to identify gaps and develop targeted interventions for enhancing occupational safety.MethodsEmploying a cross-sectional design, the study surveyed 133 female radiographers using a self-developed questionnaire covering demographics, awareness and knowledge, workplace practices, communication, and satisfaction.ResultsThe survey showed high awareness among radiographers, with 97% acknowledging radiation risks during pregnancy, although 42.9% had not received formal training. Concerns over long-term health effects were significant, with 66.2% of participants worried about potential impacts. Despite these concerns, 83.5% had been informed about radiation risks and protective measures, indicating active information provision in many workplaces. However, inconsistencies in information dissemination across different work settings were noted.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the need for standardized radiation safety protocols for pregnant radiographers. The variability in safety training and information dissemination suggests the importance of establishing uniform safety practices. Recommendations include developing comprehensive education and training programs for pregnant radiographers, ensuring open communication for radiation safety and pregnancy-related concerns, and enforcing clear guidelines for workplace accommodations.

Public awareness of rip currents among American adults

AbstractRip current awareness is essential for safety of the beach-going American public. In this study, we investigated American adults’ awareness of ocean safety via an online survey. A total of 1226 respondents participated in the survey. The results revealed that only 44% of the participants were aware that rip currents are the major cause of drownings in the United States. Most participants (64%) reported that the best way to escape a rip current was by swimming parallel (sideways) to the shore, while 8% reported it to be floating and letting the current carry one; further 3% of the respondents mentioned screaming for help as a rescue measure. Interestingly, while most of the respondents reported they could swim (71%), the number of White participants among swimmers was four times higher than that of their Asian, Black, American Indian, and Latino counterparts. Furthermore, less than half of the respondents (44%) reported reading and following the posted beach signs with safety information, while around one-fourth (23%) reported swimming near lifeguards. We also found a strong association between the respondents’ knowledge about how to escape a rip current and reading beach ocean safety signs. The findings of this study contribute to previous research on rip currents and may assist in developing more effective ocean safety interventions for the diverse American public visiting various marine environments along the vast U.S. coastline.

Trends in negative interpersonal relationships at work and awareness of occupational safety and health services: a 2014-2019 trend analysis.

A good psychosocial climate at work, including positive interpersonal relationships, is a protective factor for health, whereas social conflict imposes a considerable health risk. Occupational safety and health (OSH) services can help create a positive working environment. In the present study, we analyzed trends in the awareness of OSH services and interpersonal relationships and whether these are linked. We used time series data from the Italian Survey on Health and Safety at Work (INSuLa) from 2014 and 2019 (n = 16 000 employees). Negative interpersonal relationships included workplace bullying and lack of workplace support. The availability of OSH services was measured through items inquiring about the awareness of OSH representatives and OSH training. We used Poisson regression in reporting prevalence ratios and provided predicted probabilities and average marginal effects to show trends and differences in interpersonal relationships and OSH availability. Our findings suggest that negative interpersonal relationships at work increased, whereas awareness about OSH services declined between 2014 and 2019. These trends were particularly strong for young workers, for whom workplace bullying increased by 6.3% and awareness of OSH training declined by 11.7%. We also found that unawareness about OSH services is associated with negative interpersonal relationships at work. The results suggest that low OSH awareness may be an increasing problem, whereas exposure to an adverse social climate at work became more frequent at the same time. Given the role of OSH services in ensuring a positive working climate, it is important to increase workers' awareness about OSH services.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Game-Based Learning for Long-Term Knowledge Retention

This longitudinal study investigated the efficacy of game-based learning in enhancing the retention of safety knowledge, specifically within the domain of construction safety. The research focused on assessing participants’ retention of safety knowledge 1 year after game-based training, revealing a resilient performance despite a perceived decline in preparedness. Analysis of the data indicated no statistically significant variance in participants’ performance in hazard identification tests conducted 1 year after the initial assessment following game-based training. The study also explored the relationship between perceived preparation, actual performance, and the temporal gap between evaluations, highlighting the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of these dynamics in educational settings. The implications of this research extend beyond construction safety, underscoring the transformative potential of game-based learning in cultivating enduring safety awareness across various industries. By harnessing innovative educational technologies, organizations can enhance workplace safety protocols and mitigate occupational hazards.

Safety first, but how? Examining the impact of safety leadership in frontline healthcare workers' safety performance during health crisis

AbstractWith the high rates of health workers' mortality and morbidity during health crises such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, this study examined how safety leadership style could improve health workers safety performance with a mediating role of safety consciousness (SCC), and a moderating role of communication transparency (CT). Survey data from 582 health workers in Ghana's Greater Accra and Ashanti regions were gathered and analysed using structural equation modelling in SMART PLS 4. The findings show that safety leadership positively impacts safety performance. Additionally, safety leadership had a positive impact on affected consciousness. Again, SCC had a positive effect on performance. Furthermore, SCC mediated the positive relationship between safety leadership and safety performance. Finally, the SCC‐safety compliance was negatively moderated by CT, though it did not moderate the SCC‐safety participation relationship. This paper holds significance as it offers strategies to enhance the safety performance of frontline healthcare workers during health emergencies such as pandemics. The measures provided in the study potentially mitigate the risks of virus contraction and health workers during health emergencies.

Clinical study on the characteristics and related influencing factors of deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents.

To analyze the characteristics of deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents and its related influencing factors. This was a retrospective study. A total of 158 cases of deliberate drug ingestion as observation group and 160 cases of other diseases in adolescents as control group were treated in the Emergency Department of Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022. The clinical characteristics of adolescents who engaged in deliberate drug ingestion were analyzed, and various factors that could potentially influence deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents were subjected to both univariate and multivariate analysis. There was a progressive increase in the number of patients presenting with mental health issues year by year. Univariate analysis showed that family type, guardian's education level, place of residence, whether they were only children, parents' knowledge of medication, awareness of medication safety, depression/anxiety, negative life events, and social support were risk factors for deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents (all p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that family type, parents' knowledge of medication, awareness of medication safety, whether they were depressed/anxious, negative life events, and social support were independent risk factors for deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents (p<0.05). The incidence of deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents is increasing year by year, and their behavior is influenced by multiple factors. Interventions should be targeted at controllable influencing factors to prevent or reduce deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents.

Molecular detection of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in broiler meat from retail meat shop

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a major bacterial pathogen responsible for the most widespread form of colibacillosis, resulting in substantial economic losses within the poultry sector and posing a potential public health risk. From July to September 2021, our study investigated the antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the presence of virulence-associated genes (iucD, iutA, iss, and ompT) linked to APEC using 105 broiler meat samples comprising liver, thigh, and breast muscle, in Chitwan, Nepal. E. coli was isolated and identified by culturing samples on MacConkey's agar, Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar and performing different biochemical tests. Antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli were determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Following the isolation of E. coli, the molecular detection of APEC was performed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the 105 samples analyzed, 61 (58.1 %) tested positive for E. coli. In antibiotic susceptibility test (AST), gentamicin and tetracycline exhibited the highest resistance rates, with 90.2 % and 67.2 %, respectively and 29.5 % of the E. coli isolates displayed multidrug-drug resistance. Out of 61 confirmed E. coli isolates, iutA was detected in 47 (77.0 %) samples, iucD in 46 (75.4 %), iss in 53 (86.8 %), and ompT in 39 (63.9 %) samples. This study reports the occurrence of MDR E. coli in meat samples, together with virulence genes associated with APEC which poses a public health threat. Continuous surveillance is vital for monitoring APEC transmission within poultry farms, coupled with efforts to raise awareness of food safety among consumers of broiler meat.

Research progress and development of deep and ultra-deep drilling fluid technology

The research progress of deep and ultra-deep drilling fluid technology systematically reviewed, the key problems existing are analyzed, and the future development direction is proposed. In view of the high temperature, high pressure and high stress, fracture development, wellbore instability, drilling fluid lost circulation and other problems faced in the process of deep and ultra-deep complex oil and gas drilling, scholars have developed deep and ultra-deep high-temperature and high-salt resistant water-based drilling fluid technology, high-temperature resistant oil-based/synthetic drilling fluid technology, drilling fluid technology for reservoir protection and drilling fluid lost circulation control technology. However, there are still some key problems such as insufficient resistance to high temperature, high pressure and high stress, wellbore instability and serious lost circulation. Therefore, the development direction of deep and ultra-deep drilling fluid technology in the future is proposed: (1) The technology of high-temperature and high-salt resistant water-based drilling fluid should focus on improving high temperature stability, improving rheological properties, strengthening filtration control and improving compatibility with formation. (2) The technology of oil-based/synthetic drilling fluid resistant to high temperature should further study in the aspects of easily degradable environmental protection additives with low toxicity such as high temperature stabilizer, rheological regulator and related supporting technologies. (3) The drilling fluid technology for reservoir protection should be devoted to the development of new high-performance additives and materials, and further improve the real-time monitoring technology by introducing advanced sensor networks and artificial intelligence algorithms. (4) The lost circulation control of drilling fluid should pay more attention to the integration and application of intelligent technology, the research and application of high-performance plugging materials, the exploration of diversified plugging techniques and methods, and the improvement of environmental protection and production safety awareness.

Analysis of Helicopter Air Ambulance Accidents in the United States From 2010 to 2021

ObjectiveHelicopter air ambulance (HAA) services are essential to air medical transport in the United States. However, HAA accidents, incidents, and fatalities have been a reason for concern for HAA operations. This article analyzes the numbers, proportions, contributing or causal factors, and defining events of HAA accidents in the United States from 2010 to 2021. MethodsThe National Transportation Safety Board final investigation reports, defining events, findings, and summary data were analyzed for 83 HAA accidents in the United States from 2010 to 2021. The 2 proportions test was used to compare the proportions of fatal HAA accidents between 2010-2015 and 2016-2021. ResultsThe data show that 21/47 (45%) of HAA accidents in 2010-2015 and 6/36 (17%) in 2016-2021 were fatal, representing a significant (P < .01) reduction in the proportion of fatal accidents in 2016-2021 from 2010-2015 time period. VFR encounter IMC events accounted for 9/47 (19%) of HAA accidents in 2010-2015 and 1/36 (3%) accident in 2016-2021, representing a significant (P < .05) reduction in VFR encounter IMC accidents. ConclusionThere was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of fatal HAA accidents from 2010-2015 to 2016-2021, which may be attributable to the changes in the regulatory framework, training protocols, safety awareness initiatives, and technological advancements to address HAA safety.

특수형태근로종사자의 안전보건교육실태와 개선방안에 관한 연구

In order to protect special types of workers, the government is requiring safety and health education for special types of workers by revising the Enforcement Decree of the Industrial Safety And Health Act. But the actual effect of education is insufficient due to the lack of educational infrastructure and the characteristics of the occupation such as the diversity of labor provision for special types of workers and easy job change. This study is a basic study on measures to revitalize safety and health education to protect special types of workers, and improvements were derived based on a fact-finding survey. A survey was conducted on the status and awareness of safety and health education completion for 300 workers in each occupations and problems with the current system and areas for improvement were identified through frequency analysis. The survey results were subjected to frequency analysis to identify problems and areas for improvement in the current system. As a result of the survey, excessive completion of overlapping training and limited supply of training were identified as factors that reduce the effectiveness of safety and health education according to the occupational characteristics of special types of workers. Accordingly, as a way to improve the problem of overlapping completions a cross-recognition plan for training completion with other laws and a training completion certification system were proposed. In addition, as a way to improve the problems caused by the limited supply of education, a plan to diversify education and improve quality by easing some of the registration requirements for private educational institutions was presented. As the results of this study focus on the opinions of workers, it is judged that additional verification of the effectiveness of educational measures should be conducted. If the results are supplemented through future system analysis and improvement research centered on safety and health education experts, it is believed that it will be possible to contribute to the protection of special types of workers through a more specific and effective safety and health education system.

Analisis Perilaku Persepsi Pengendara Sepeda Motor Terhadap Keselamatan Berkendara

People need a mode of transportation to facilitate daily activities, one of the modes of transportation in Aceh is the increase in motorbike ownership. The increase in motorbike ownership is not matched by increased awareness of traffic safety by road users, which will certainly have an impact on increasing the number of accidents. WHO (2018) reports the number of deaths based on road users in Indonesia, 74% of deaths were contributed by motorcyclists. This research aims to identify personal characteristics and unsafe driving behavior on the traffic safety of motorbike users. Research data was collected in Banda Aceh and parts of greater Aceh using the Driving Behavior Inventory (DBI) instrument through an online survey questionnaire approach "self-reporting driving behaviors". The results of research on socio-demographics using cross tabulation show that men aged 20-29 years have more than 6 years of experience with the highest score of having experienced a traffic accident. Perception of the respondent variable Violation (V) on the indicator "driving very close to another vehicle in front" which has the lowest value of 2.91, variable Error (E) on the indicator "maneuvering without turning on the turn signal" which has the second lowest value of 2 .98, variable Driving Safety (DS) in the indicator that has the highest scale value is "be careful in accident-prone places" of 3.66.

A ecological study of galamsey activities in Ghana and their physiological toxicity

Background: Small-Scale Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM), locally known as "galamsey," has emerged as a pervasive issue in Ghana characterized with environmental degradation, land and water resource depletion, health hazards for miners, social and economic impacts. This comprehensive review explores the ecological and health effects of galamsey operations across different regions of the country. Methods: The study employs a systematic analysis method to examine the available literature from 2000 to 2023. Various academic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and relevant government publications, were searched to gather relevant information. Findings: The review reveals that galamsey has had significant ecological consequences, including deforestation, habitat destruction, water pollution, and soil degradation, which have adversely affected Ghana's natural beauty. These environmental challenges pose a threat to local ecosystems and resources, particularly in the Ashanti, Western, and Central regions of Ghana. Moreover, the study highlights the physiological health issues faced by galamsey miners, such as accidents, physical strain, mental strain, kidney problems, respiratory disorders, and metabolic diseases. The presence of elevated levels of mercury, cyanide, arsenic, and cadmium in both the environment and the human body are directly linked to ASGM in Ghana. About seventy percent (70%) of the houses in ASGM community relied on surface water, and all of the homes utilized the fields or bush as their main toilet. Conclusion: Implementing remote sensing, geospatial technologies, promoting clean mining technologies, integrating environmental conservation, occupational safety and public health awareness are key technical and innovative measures to mitigate galamsey in Ghana. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study proposes an integrated approach to address the impacts of galamsey, combining remote sensing and geospatial technologies with public health and environmental conservation programs. The model can provide a comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal impacts of ASGM and enable more targeted interventions.

Surveillance of household foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhejiang Province, China, 2010–2022

BackgroundFoodborne diseases are a growing public health concern worldwide and households are a common setting. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of household foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhejiang Province and propose targeted prevention and control measures. MethodsDescriptive statistical methods were used to analyze household foodborne disease outbreak data collected from the Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Surveillance System in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2022. ResultsHousehold foodborne disease outbreaks showed an upward trend during the study period (Cox-Staurt trend test, p = 0.01563 < 0.05). These outbreaks mainly occurred from June to September, with 62.08% (352/567) of all reported outbreaks. The number of reported outbreaks varied in 11 prefectures, with a maximum of 100 and a minimum of only 7. Household foodborne disease outbreaks had a wide spectrum of etiologic factors. Mushroom toxins accounted for the largest proportion of all etiologies (43.39 %) and caused the highest proportion of hospitalization (54.18%) and death (78.26%). Such outbreaks are caused by accidently eating wild poisonous mushrooms. Bacterial infection (16.23%) was the second most common etiology, with Salmonella spp. and Vibrio parahaemolyticus being the primary pathogens. These outbreaks were caused by improper storage, improper processing or a combination of factors, and the foods involved were mainly aquatic animals, eggs and cooked meat. Other identified etiologies included plant toxins (9.52%), chemicals (7.23%), animal toxins (3.70%), and viruses (1.76%). Among the above-mentioned etiologies, mushroom toxins, bacteria, and animal toxins had seasonal characteristics. Analysis of regions and etiologies revealed that the proportion of various etiologies was different in 11 prefectures. Wild mushrooms (43.39%), aquatic animals (9.88%), and toxic plants (8.47%) were the top three foods involved in these outbreaks. The most common factors contributing to household foodborne disease outbreaks were inedibility and misuse (59.08%), followed by multiple factors (7.58%), improper storage (7.41%), and improper processing (7.41%). ConclusionsHousehold foodborne disease outbreaks were closely related to the lack of knowledge regarding foodborne disease prevention. Therefore, public health agencies should strengthen residents’ surveillance and health education to improve food safety awareness and effectively reduce foodborne diseases in households. In addition, timely publicity and early warning by relevant government departments, the introduction of standards to control the contamination of pathogenic bacteria in raw materials, and strengthened supervision of the sale of substances that may cause health hazards, such as poisonous mushrooms and nitrites, will also help reduce such outbreaks.

The Mediating Role of Traffic Safety Awareness on Road Safety Attitude and Behavior of Drivers

This research study aimed to determine the mediating role of traffic safety awareness on the relationship between road safety attitude and behavior of drivers. The researcher surveyed 378 licensed drivers selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The study utilized Mean, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Medgraph using Sobel z-test and Regression. The study found a very high level of Traffic Safety Awareness, a moderate level of Driving behavior, and high Road Safety Attitudes among licensed drivers. A significant correlation was observed between road safety attitude and drivers’ behavior. There is also a high significance on the relationship between road safety attitude and traffic safety awareness, as well as between traffic safety awareness and drivers’ driving behavior. The mediation analysis examined the role of traffic safety awareness as a mediator in the relationship between road safety attitude and driver behavior. The results point towards partial mediation, where the mediator variable partially explains the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Penyuluhan Kesehatan Tentang Sanitasi Hygiene pada Masyarakat di Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu

Sanitation and hygiene are crucial aspects of public health, especially in island areas like Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu. This activity aims to enhance the community's understanding and awareness of hygiene sanitation through health education. The methods used include interactive education, health screening, and evaluation using pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The results of this activity showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge levels, from 50% before the education to 85% afterward. Health screening revealed a tendency for high cholesterol levels, as well as some cases of blood sugar and uric acid levels exceeding normal limits among the residents. Analysis of local snacks did not show any contamination with borax and formalin, indicating food safety awareness among vendors. Meanwhile, marine biota exploration found the potential of seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata) with alkaloid content that can be further developed. These findings highlight the importance of continuous education, targeted health interventions, and the utilization of local natural resources to improve the quality of life of Pramuka Island residents.

Impact of Globalization on Consumer Food Behaviour: A Comprehensive Review

The current market dynamics, including consumer food behaviour, are profoundly influenced by the processes of civilizational and cultural evolution, as well as the ongoing globalization phenomena. The discourse begins with an exploration of the theoretical underpinnings of globalization and its intersection with consumer food behaviour. It further delves into the broader phenomenon of globalization in the contemporary era and elucidates its specific impacts on the dietary and purchasing habits of consumers. The reviewed studies indicate that globalization has significantly influenced various aspects of consumer food behaviour. These include changes in grocery shopping patterns, an increased frequency of fast food consumption, and a heightened interest in both comfort foods and novel dining experiences. The pervasive reach of global media, multinational food corporations, and international supply chains has facilitated the widespread availability and popularity of diverse food products and dining practices across different cultures and regions. However, globalization's impact is not unidirectional. It has also catalysed the emergence of counter-movements and alternative consumer attitudes. There is a growing preference for locally sourced and environmentally sustainable food products, reflecting a backlash against the perceived homogenizing effects of globalization. Movements such as the Slow Food movement advocate for traditional and regional cuisine as a means of preserving cultural heritage and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Additionally, heightened awareness of food safety and quality has led to an increased demand for organic and non-genetically modified food products.

The Effectiveness of Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Public Technical Training Institutes

The study aimed to evaluate the extent of occupation-related injuries and accidents, the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) training, and awareness and implementation of OHS policy among Technical Training Institutes (TTIs). The study used qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze data from 99 final-year trainees, including 47 auto mechanics, 24 electricians, 16 welders, and six OHS focal persons. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and in-depth interviews and analyzed using SPSS-16 and MAXQDA-2020. The study revealed a commendably low rate of hazards in training institutes (TTIs), with a mere 10.26% and a mean score of 2.1. This positive outcome, a testament to the high awareness of OHS and PPEs, should give reassurance about the current state of OHS practices in TTIs. The training system was a resounding success, with a mean rating of 4.09 for trainees' understanding and use of PPEs. However, the study also identified areas for improvement, particularly the urgent need for improved monitoring and management support. This need for immediate action is crucial for sustaining and enhancing these standards, and it should make the audience feel the urgency of the situation. [Abstract continued in PDF]

The Significance of Mobile Applications Based Learning in Creating Awareness of Occupational Health and Safety

The Significance of Mobile Applications Based Learning in Creating Awareness of Occupational Health and Safety