Safety Box Research Articles

The Relationship of Nutritional Status with Cholesterol Levels in Junior High School Students in Malang

Overweight and obesity are the result of excess food intake compared to energy expenditure. Overweight and obesity are health problems associated with dyslipidemia and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Knowledge about being overweight and knowledge about nutrition are related to the practice of choosing the food consumed. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and cholesterol levels in junor hidgh school students in Malang. The method used in this research uses a quantitative descriptive research design with a cross sectional approach. The research location was carried out at Pelita Kasih Lawang Christian Middle School, Malang Regency in February - April 2021. The method used in this research was the total population, with the population in this study being 76 respondents. Respondent characteristics data was obtained based on the population at Pelita Kasih Lawang Christian Middle School, Malang Regency, aged 12-15 years who had more nutritional status and were willing to be respondents when the research was conducted. Nutritional status data was obtained using a weight measuring device using a Camry brand digital scale. Height measuring tool using a micrometer with an accuracy of 0.1 cm. Cholesterol test tool with Easy Touch brand cholesterol strips, non-powdered rubber gloves, 5L biohazard safety box, lancet needle and alcohol swabs. Conclusion: based on the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the nutritional status is normal for 36 respondents, the nutritional status is overweight for 11 respondents and the nutritional status for obesity is 7 respondents. There was no relationship between nutritional status and respondents' cholesterol levels. Suggestion: This research still requires further research related to nutritional status and hypercholesterolemia factors.

Healthcare waste generation and quantification in public health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Healthcare waste produced in healthcare activities entails higher risk of infection and injuries than municipal waste. In developing countries healthcare waste has not received much attention and has been disposed of together with municipal wastes. Modern method of disposal of healthcare waste have been introduced to most healthcare institutions mismanagement and increased in production in public health centres in Ethiopia is important issues. The aim of the study was to assess the type of healthcare waste generation and quantification in selected public health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An institution based cross-sectional study were conducted from January to February 2018. Fifteen health centres in Addis Ababa City Administration were selected for this study. Data were collected by using by different color plastic bags (Black plastic bags for non-hazardous wastes, Yellow plastic bags for hazardous wastes and Yellow safety box for needles and Red bags for pharmaceutical wastes and toxic wastes). The collected wastes were measured by weighing scale and were written to data entry sheet. To assure the data quality calibration of weighing scale was made by the standard weight every morning. EPI INFO TM7 and IBM SPSS were used for data entry, cleaning and analysis. The mean healthcare waste generation was 10.64+5.79Kg/day of which 37.26% (3.96+2.20Kg/day) was general waste and 62.74% (6.68+4.29) was hazardous waste from the studies health centres. Total hazardous waste; sharps, infectious, pathological and pharmaceutical wastes constitutes mean (±SD) 0.97 ±1.03, 3.23 ± 2.60, 2.17±1.92 and 0.25 ±0.34 kg/day respectively. Healthcare waste 29.93% and 0.32% were generated from delivery and post-natal case team and nutrition and growth monitoring case team respectively. The annual mean+ SD of healthcare waste generation rate per health centres were 3807.53+ 2109.84 Kg/year. The finding in this study showed there was an increased in hazardous healthcare waste in amount as compared to the WHO standard 85% non-hazardous waste and 10% hazardous waste and 5% toxic wastes. The healthcare waste management practices about segregation, collection, transportation and disposal at the source is crucial to decrease in quantity. Generally unselective handling and disposal of healthcare wastes is a concern.

Kotak Safety Box Bagasse Sebagai Tempat Sampah Limbah Medis Dari Bahan Dasar Limbah Ampas Tebu

In the Riau region, especially in the city of Pekanbaru, there are many sellers of sugarcane ice drinks who produce a lot of wasted bagasse waste. The processing of bagasse waste from these sellers is not optimal so there is still a lot of rubbish strewn around the road which causes environmental pollution. Therefore, to optimize waste cleaning, apart from throwing it away, we took the initiative to use the bagasse waste into safety boxes. In general, sugar cane bagasse has fiber properties that are almost the same as those of broadleaf wood fiber. The aim of this service is to utilize waste that still has the potential to be reprocessed into high-value goods. This service method is divided into 3 stages, namely the survey stage, production stage and marketing stage. The result of this service was that a 5ml safety baggage box was formed with a selling price of IDR 35,000.00 per box. The bagasse safety box is a unique product on the market because it uses sugarcane bagasse waste and uses an environmentally friendly concept.

Magnitude of occupational exposure to sharp injuries among nurses working in South Gondar zone public hospitals, Northcentral Ethiopia: institution-based cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the magnitude of occupational exposure to sharp injuries and identify its associated factors among nurses.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from 1 to 30 November...

Patient Safety Program for Oral Surgery Services at Hospital at Universitas Sumatra Utara

This research uses qualitative research with a phenomenological approach conducted in-depth interview. Samples of 7 people working in USU hospitals. The results of the study analyzed 6 patient safety targets and 8 contributor factors. Implementation of Implementation of Patient Identification Using Min 2 Identity in Patient Bracelets and Stickers, Confirming Identity Before Medical Actions, Effective Communication is done Readback/ Tulbakon, Writing Patient Referrals with SBAR, Beware of High Alert Drugs by prescribing drugs into pharmacy and storing lidocaine and ephineprin in special containers there are high-alert stickers In X -ray photos and informed consent, prevention and control of infection risk is done hand washing, use of PPE, use of a safe needle and removing sharp objects in a safety box, the risk of falling risk is carried out the patient's review process, giving yellow bracelets and patient assistance. Patient contributors, differences in perception and emotional levels affect the occurrence of incidents. Factors of officers such as fatigue and double work are the cause of stressors. SPO is available at the hospital, can be accessed at any time. Communication factors are carried out verbally and non-verbally. The work environment, the building is appropriate, but the maintenance of facilities and infrastructure is not good, resulting in a postponement of care for patients. The leadership supports the staff but reporting is a weak point because of the lack of staff awareness in reporting incidents. Team factors there are differences in quantity between nurses and doctors. Educational factors are required repetition of patient safety orientation to the staff. Hospitals are advised to improve infrastructure, evaluate the quantity and qualification of the team and increase awareness in reporting incidence.

Description of Waste Management at Bahteramas General Hospital

General Hospital South East Sulawesi Province is classified as a Class B hospital and medical services generate medical waste from inpatients, outpatients and emergency rooms daily. This study aims to determine the wamanagementnt’s description at Bahteramas General Hospital Southeast Sulawesi Province. The nature of this study is descriptive, using qualitative methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations. This study used an interview and observational tool, in which researchers prepared questions and a checklist test. Data analysis is based on Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 56 of 2015, which stipulates procedures and technical requirements for treating hazardous and toxic waste from health facilities. The management of waste at Bahteramas General Hospital depends on the type of waste. Liquid infectious waste from all wards and installation rooms is dumped into the spoelhock, which is connected directly to hospital’s IPAL. For the management of sharp waste/syringe, they are put into safety boxes. There is also cytotoxic waste (chemotherapy waste) which is put into a purple trash bag, and radiotherapy waste from the radiology room, which is put into a red trash bag, while the pharmaceutical waste is put into a brown trash bag. So it can be concluded that waste management in the treatment room of Bahteramas General Hospital Southeast Sulawesi Province reached 91.98% in July to September. In the assessment item of waste of sharp objects, it is put into a safety box, and the infectious liquid waste dumped into the canal connected to IPAL has reached 100%.
 Keywords: Waste Management, Bahteramas General Hospital Southeast Sulawesi Province

Occupational needle stick injuries and related factors among healthcare workers in military hospitals in Tehran.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are always at risk of experiencing occupational needle stick injuries (NSIs). The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of NSIs among Iranian HCWs in military hospitals in Tehran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in four military hospitals in the summer of 2019 in Tehran. By Census, 802 HCWs were included. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of vaccination history, safety equipment, use of safety box, history of NSIs and demographic variables. The logistics regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical significance level was set at 5%. The data were analysed using the SPSS software version 23. A total of 203 (25.3%, CI: 22.3-28.4) of the participants reported a history of NSIs at least once during the past year. Single HCWs had a higher risk of NSIs compared to married HCWs (OR: 1.59, 95% CI (1.09, 2.30)). Also, the night shift working (OR: 1.91, 95% CI (1.18, 3.12)), higher educational degree (OR: 2.25, 95% CI (1.21, 4.20)), working overtime (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: (1.07, 2.12)), older age (OR: 1.02, 95% CI (1.01, 1.04)) and needle recapping (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: (1.98, 4.22)) were identified as significant associated factors. The study draws attention to a relatively high prevalence of NSIs as well as high-risk activities among military HCWs. The primary source of NSIs is needle recapping. Measures such as setting up training courses for the military HCWs are needed to be planned.

Implementasi Program Penguatan Psikologis melalui Kombinasi Safety Box Art Therapy dan Hypnosis Lima Jari dalam Mengatasi Kecemasan Remaja menjelang Ujian Akhir Nasional

Introduction: The age phase in life has special characteristics that distinguish one age phase from another, including in the adolescent phase, usually this phase will experience changes in the form of increased adolescent emotions, feeling depressed, feeling lonely easily, excessive anxiety caused by stressors, wrong the only final exam during their study period, so a program is needed that can reduce the anxiety experienced by adolescents through the implementation of a psychological strengthening program with a combination of safety box art therapy and 5 finger hypnosis. Objective: the aim of this service was the success and effectiveness of a youth psychological strengthening program in overcoming anxiety before final exams through a combination of Safety box art therapy and 5 finger hypnosis. Method: This public service was conducted to 66 students of SMP Muhammadiyah Gombong, conducted for 1 month, duration of activities 3 times in 1 week providing a combination of safety box art therapy and 5 finger hypnosis with 45 minutes of therapy time, measuring pre and post anxiety using instruments DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale). Results: The results of the activity showed that there was a decrease in the level of anxiety of students before being given therapy, the average experienced moderate anxiety after being given it decreased to an average of mild anxiety. Conclusion: This program is recommended as an effort to overcome anxiety in adolescents before exams

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF AN INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATIC ROTI (SOUTH ASIAN FLAT-BREAD) MAKER

As a part of research, this product was consigned to design with the development with an engineering concept. At the preliminary stage, the industrial automatic flour bread maker machine was chosen the group, and accordingly, it was approved by the respected faculty. Bangladesh is not only a densely populated country but also a fastest developing country in the world. For saving precious time and capturing large market of this sub-continent, it is important to finish research on product development and market analysis accurately. Restaurants in busy area, people wait in a queue to have their ordered Roti (a south Asian bread with round and flat shape) for the lengthy process of Roti making as they are made by human hand. Industrial automatic Roti maker will help people a lot to make Roti in a very simple way within a short time. This machine can rapidly use in restaurants, canteens, and hostels to serve bread to the customers timely. It reduces the working effort of the chef as well. In this project, it was offered with progressed design for the automatic Roti maker machine along with supplementary features like a ‘hand controlled wheel’ to operate without power source for emergency purpose, safety box was used for safeties. The innovative design reduces the cost of the machine more than before. This project aims to learn with close observation about the industrial automatic Roti maker machine and its working functions. It was also tested the efficiency of Roti making process considering cost and time factors. The main purpose was to reduce the bread-making effort along with maintaining a better shape and size of Roti to illustrate a simple system model. All parts of this machine are structured by ‘Solid Works-2015’ software.

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF AN INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATIC ROTI (SOUTH ASIAN FLAT-BREAD) MAKER

As a part of research, this product was consigned to design with the development with an engineering concept. At the preliminary stage, the industrial automatic flour bread maker machine was chosen the group, and accordingly, it was approved by the respected faculty. Bangladesh is not only a densely populated country but also a fastest developing country in the world. For saving precious time and capturing large market of this sub-continent, it is important to finish research on product development and market analysis accurately. Restaurants in busy area, people wait in a queue to have their ordered Roti (a south Asian bread with round and flat shape) for the lengthy process of Roti making as they are made by human hand. Industrial automatic Roti maker will help people a lot to make Roti in a very simple way within a short time. This machine can rapidly use in restaurants, canteens, and hostels to serve bread to the customers timely. It reduces the working effort of the chef as well. In this project, it was offered with progressed design for the automatic Roti maker machine along with supplementary features like a ‘hand controlled wheel’ to operate without power source for emergency purpose, safety box was used for safeties. The innovative design reduces the cost of the machine more than before. This project aims to learn with close observation about the industrial automatic Roti maker machine and its working functions. It was also tested the efficiency of Roti making process considering cost and time factors. The main purpose was to reduce the bread-making effort along with maintaining a better shape and size of Roti to illustrate a simple system model. All parts of this machine are structured by ‘Solid Works-2015’ software.

Assessment of Injection Safety Practice in Health Care Settings: a Case from the Gambia

Unsafe injection practices transmit bloodborne pathogens on a large scale worldwide and thus the Ministry of Health was assisted in conducting an assessment of injection safety in the Gambia in 2021. Interviews and observation of injection practices in all of the public health facilities and a sample of private health facilities including NGO. A total of 81 health facilities had been involved. Sterilisation of injection material observed in 3 facilities (3.7%) for therapeutic injection. Vaccinations, used either AD syringe (83.7%) or disposable syringes (16.3%). Re-used injection equipment without sterilisation in facilities was 8.6%. Proportion of health facilities in lack of AD syringes is 6.3%. 87.3% of the health facilities the availability of AD syringes was over than 50 units. Lack of disposable syringes was 17.3% of the health facilities. In 46 health facilities (56.8%), the availability of disposable syringes was over 20 units. Lack of safety box in facilities was 50.6% (n=41). Needle stick injuries have been observed in 79.7% (n=74) of the health facilities. A proportion of 70.9% of vaccinators and 52.1% of curative injection providers reported experiencing at least one needle-stick injury. Lack of safety boxes and waste disposable facilities, unsafe behaviours and poor sharp waste management lead to unsafe injection practices in the Gambia, exposing patients, health care workers and community to bloodborne infections. A coordinated strategy, training of health workers, and encouraging of the proper disposal of sharp required to prevent injection-associated infections in the Gambia. Keywords: AD syringes, Injection, Needles, Safety boxes.

Needle stick injuries and their safety measures among nurses in Erbil Hospitals

Background: Needle stick injuries are serious professional hazards in the transfer of certain types of blood borne diseases such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus among healthcare workers. Objective: Firstly, to determine the prevalence and factors related to needle stick injuries. Secondly, to assess related safety measures among nurses in Erbil hospitals. Patients and Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study including a sample of 452 nurses. A representative supple sample size was calculated by using Epi info version 7.The sample was proportional to the population of nurses in each hospital. A convenient sampling technique was adopted in selection of studied sample from different teaching hospitals in Erbil city. Data were collected by using self-administered questionnaire, which included socio-demographic characteristics of participants and questions regarding needle stick injuries and preventive measures. (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA), version 26) was applied for data entry and analysis. P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of a total (452) study population, 56.9% were females and 43.1% were males. The mean ± SD of age was 36.2 ± 5.41, ranging from 21 to 54 year. The prevalence of needle stick injuries was 87.4% among nurses, and the widespread activity leading to NSIs was recapping of needles (81%). The average of non-reporting to supervisor of infection control was 77.2%. The majority of NSIs took place in the morning (70.5%). There was a statistically significant association between NSIs and use of PPE, secure disposal of needle in the safety box, and use of auto-disable syringe during injection, in which NSIs were highest among those who not use or sometimes use the above mentioned safety measures, (P<0.001, P=0.002, and P=0.003 in respectively). Conclusion:This study showed that transverse needle stick injuries among nurses are very high and pose a rise in hazards for professional exposure to diseases transmitted by blood. The majority of nurses are not reporting the needle stick injuries to the supervisor of the infection control unit.

Cross border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) Security Supplements; Tangible Radio Safety Box, Software as non-textual Password and Revolving Executable Code Modules

Our research started a long ago as additional security for the asset owner to facilitate CIPS ( Cross-border Interbank Payment System) holistic security. Minor corrections were proposed, like an e-mail with a new domain for every transaction, Ping services in a VPN environment, and mirroring avoidance. Our primary approach was to fight internal fraud and hacking threats. Apart from these known vulnerabilities indemnification, we propose three specific security supplements. A shortwave activated latch inside a local safe box and Thales interconnector for a tangible bank security system. The asset owner unlocks his funds as digital money or tangible items like gold through radio communications SDR (Software Defined Radio). Second is the cornerstone of our civilization, the computer-executable avoiding all methods for non-textual passwords. Our last development is a GitHub antipode Software authoring anonymous system. According to our plan, the Internet-based banking system software has separated intercommunicating subroutines. All subroutines are assigned to various programmers for independent implementation, avoiding the internal hacker without the need to find him. For example, a system software written by splitting it into 12 subroutines assigned to 12 programmers working on subroutines has a probability of the thirteenth order of magnitude.

Prevalence and Determinants of Needle stick Injury among Nurses

Needle stick injuries pose a serious risk of transmission of fatal diseases to the workers of the Health care. Globally, more of the reported cases of needle stick injuries happen among nurses than other health professionals. Our aim is to explore the prevalence of needle stick injuries and determinants among nurses for better prevention and control. This is a cross- sectional study where we recruited 282 nurses working at King Fahd Hospital in Jeddah city. The validated self-administered questionnaires were distributed by the head nurse to the participating nurses who were in a direct contact with the patients. From questionnaires we investigated demographics, work-related factors, determinants of needle stick injuries and safety measures. Results of our study showed that about 92% of nurses were females and about 80% regularly take care of 10 patients or less. This study reported a lifetime occurrence of needle stick injury among nurses to be 37.6% (95% CI = 31.9% to 43.3%). The syringe needle was the most common item which caused the recent NSIs among the affected nurses (78.3%), followed by intravenous catheter and tapping needle with prevalence of 11.3% and 7.5% respectively. The occurrence of needle stick injury could not be predicted by nurses’ characteristics such as years of experience, educational level, hours of working and number of patients on duty. However, training on NSIs prevention, Hepatitis B virus vaccination status and availability of safety box in their work place were significant predictors. We conclude that despite the high level of training, awareness, and availability of safety precautions, more than a third of nurses in the KFGH were affected by needle stick injury. Training on NSIs prevention and availability of safety box in their work place were the major determinants of the needle stick injury in KFGH.

Strategies To Reduce Purpose Injury By Medical Personnel In Er And Central Surgery Installation Royal Prima Hospital

One of the most frequent occurrences in the Emergency Room and Central Surgical Installation of a hospital is a Needle Stick Injury. The incidence of needle sticks at Royal Prima Medan during 2020-2021 is known that the risk of infection due to needlestick wounds and sharp objects reaches 1.8%, with varying rates of HIV 2.5%, Hepatitis B and C by 40%. This study aims to analyze how the strategy is to reduce needlestick injuries for medical personnel in the emergency department and the central surgical installation of the Royal Prima Hospital. This type of research is qualitative research. The location of this research was carried out in the ER and the Central Surgical Installation of the Royal Prima Hospital. The research informants were the head of the emergency room and the head of the central surgical installation, medical personnel in the emergency room and the central surgical installation, cleaning staff. Data were collected using participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and activity documentation. The results showed that the strategy to reduce injury was to prepare a needle holder or safety box, needles or sharp objects must be put in the safety box that has been provided, what was done so that officers were not stabbed by needles was that every briefing was always reminded so that the officers did the injection according to the procedure. and so that used needles are immediately put into the safety box so that officers do not experience needle sticks, the cause of needle sticks in the room is that the nurse in the room is tired of her work, so there is negligence in doing the injection so that there is an incident of being stabbed with used needles. This study suggests that the results of this study be used as a reference in making policies to prevent work accidents, add officers to reduce workloads, and disseminate information to all employees about the importance of implementing occupational safety and health.

Anti-Theft Box: Arduino Safety Box with IoT Notifications

Theft cases often go unnoticed and are everywhere we are. It can happen in public, at school, at work or even in your own home. Things like this often happen to teens and older adults. Some of them do not have a safe place to store their valuables because of their carelessness. This is because they do not take this seriously. On the other hand, they already have their own safety box which is a great example of keeping items from being stolen or robbed. With the Internet of Things (IoT), this safety box can be improved by adding features that make it even safer to receive notifications on a mobile phone when the safety box is opened. With these improvements, property owners will become more aware of their goods because not everyone around us can be trusted. The use of these notifications is an update that will be created to improve the security of your goods. The methodology used to carry out this project is called Prototyping Method. In this way, prototype can be said to be both a design and an example of an existing system, but not yet fully functional. Prototypes will outline how a system works, and most prototype systems are not yet the perfect system to run.

Infection prevention practice and associated factors among health care workers in south Gondar zone, North West Ethiopia, 2020

Background: Infection prevention is universally acknowledged as a vital component of comprehensive approach to patient and healthcare worker safety, quality improvement, and improved health outcomes. Infections acquired during health-care delivery are a significant public health problem around the world. Thus, infection prevention is not only the most cost-effective option, but also the best strategy to prevent the spread of disease within health facilities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess infection prevention practices and associated factors among health care workers in governmental health care facilities in South Gondar zone, North West Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted from 15 February-15 April, 2020 in South Gondar zone among healthcare workers.Multistage was usedas sampling procedures. Data were collected using pre-tested self-administered structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 respectively. The model was fitted using multivariable logistic regression to identify associated factors with infection prevention practices. Odds ration with a 95% confidence interval was used as measure of association. Finally p-value less than 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results: Six hundred two (97%) healthcare workers participated in the study. Three hundred thirty six 60.8%(57.1-64.8%) 95%CI health care workers had good infection prevention practices. Availability of gloves, AOR 3.69(2.015, 6.789)95%CI, Availability Safety box, AOR=1.9(1.2, 3.1)95% CI, Presence of Infection prevention guide line, AOR=0.498(.32, .83) 95% CI, presence of alcohol swab AOR = 0.49(.29, 82)95% CI. Accessibility of hand washing items AOR=2.0(1.2, 3.4) 95% CI were found to be significantly associated. Conclusion: Nearly two-third of the healthcare workers had good infection prevention practices. On infection prevention measures, availability of guide lines, safety box, gloves, alcohol swab, and accessibility of items for hand washings were predictors of good infection prevention practices. To sustain good practices, accessible of hygiene materials should be kept to all units of health facility all times.

Bronchoscopy Safety Box and its Utility as a Barrier in Spread of COVID-19 Infection

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions with a high mortality rate. Thousands of frontline health-care workers (HCWs) have been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Protecting HCWs is important. Aim: We sought to develop an innovative barrier to prevent COVID-19 virus transmission while performing bronchoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Settings and Design: We have designed and developed a barrier called bronchoscopy safety box (BSB). Materials and Methods: BSB is made up of acrylic and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets. We have designed two prototypes of BSBs, namely Prototype 1 and Prototype 2. We performed bronchoscopy procedures and intubation procedures with BSBs. Advantages and limitations were noted and analyzed. Results: The advantages of BSB include the additional presence of the bronchoscopy aperture and an assistant aperture. All the apertures are covered by PVC sheets or hand gloves, thus minimizing risk of aerosol coming out of these apertures. The presence of PVC sheet fixed at the patient's end restricts the amount of aerosol coming out while the presence of a negative suction port is important in reducing the aerosol content inside the BSB. The BSB is a multi-utility box which can be used by clinicians for endotracheal intubation or bronchoscopy as the need arises. The BSB can be effectively used for the treatment of suspected as well as confirmed COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: We conclude that the BSB is a reusable, multipurpose aerosol safety barrier which can be utilized for multiple procedures of bronchoscopy as well as intubation to help protect HCWs against COVID-19.

Infection prevention practice and associated factors among health care workers in south Gondar zone, North West Ethiopia, 2020

Background: Infection prevention is universally acknowledged as a vital component of comprehensive approach to patient and healthcare worker safety, quality improvement, and improved health outcomes. Infections acquired during health-care delivery are a significant public health problem around the world. Thus, infection prevention is not only the most cost-effective option, but also the best strategy to prevent the spread of disease within health facilities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess infection prevention practices and associated factors among health care workers in governmental health care facilities in South Gondar zone, North West Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted from 15 February-15 April, 2020 in South Gondar zone among healthcare workers.Multistage was usedas sampling procedures. Data were collected using pre-tested self-administered structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 respectively. The model was fitted using multivariable logistic regression to identify associated factors with infection prevention practices. Odds ration with a 95% confidence interval was used as measure of association. Finally p-value less than 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results: Six hundred two (97%) healthcare workers participated in the study. Three hundred thirty six 60.8%(57.1-64.8%) 95%CI health care workers had good infection prevention practices. Availability of gloves, AOR 3.69(2.015, 6.789)95%CI, Availability Safety box, AOR=1.9(1.2, 3.1)95% CI, Presence of Infection prevention guide line, AOR=0.498(.32, .83) 95% CI, presence of alcohol swab AOR = 0.49(.29, 82)95% CI. Accessibility of hand washing items AOR=2.0(1.2, 3.4) 95% CI were found to be significantly associated. Conclusion: Nearly two-third of the healthcare workers had good infection prevention practices. On infection prevention measures, availability of guide lines, safety box, gloves, alcohol swab, and accessibility of items for hand washings were predictors of good infection prevention practices. To sustain good practices, accessible of hygiene materials should be kept to all units of health facility all times.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Perilaku Pengelolaan Dagusibu Obat Pada Masyarakat dengan Home Pharmacy Care di Wilayah Kecamatan Jakarta Pusat


 The household drug management is common practice worldwide especially Ethical drugs and OTC Drugs that indicated are acute and chronic condition. The beside higher costs, accumulation medicines at home can be attributed to the lack of knowledge and behavior in patient, patient's family and environmental. Negative relationships in household drug management more likely risk for elderly people have many illnesses and polypharmacy, drug interactions and adverse drug reactions. The objective of this study to analyze the factors Associated to behavior Dagusibu drug management in Community Jakarta Pusat With Home Pharmacy Care. This research used observational research by using cross-sectional design. this research type probability sampling with technique is cluster random sampling. The data analysis used bivariate analysis , especially chisquare test. The result of multivariate analysis showed the variable were significantly related to behavior dagusibu drug management, namely variables were medicine dispossal box (p=0.019;OR 3.009); medicine safety box (p=0.025;OR 2.974) and influence efect of family support (p=0.001;OR=5.092).