Safety Approach Research Articles

Evaluating the success of Slovenia\u2019s policy on the health of children and adolescents: results of an audit

ObjectivesThe aims of this audit were twofold: (1) to demonstrate the contribution of the auditing process in evaluating the success of child and adolescent health policy in Slovenia between 2012 and 2019, and (2) to expand on the commentary published in the International Journal of Public Health in 2019 to demonstrate the benefits of auditing in improving public health policy in general.MethodsThe audit followed health, safety and environmental approaches as per the standards of public health policy.ResultsDue to poor intersectoral coordination and weak associations between environmental and health indicators, no clear evidence could be established that child and adolescent health policy contributed to positive changes in child and adolescent health from 2012 to 2019.ConclusionsAuditing should become an essential component of measuring the success of public health policies. Attention should also be paid to the following issues affecting youth health: sleeping and eating habits, economic migration, poverty, etc.

A Systematic Literature Review on Safety Research Related to Chemical Industrial Parks

The increasing demand for chemical products has driven the construction and development of chemical industrial areas, or so-called ‘chemical industrial parks’ (CIPs), but this has intrinsically raised the risk of major accidents. Therefore, it is significant and urgent to summarize the state of art and research needs in the field of CIP safety. In this paper, a keyword co-occurrence analysis of 116 scientific articles was conducted to support the classification of research topics in this field, then an overview of those research topics was presented to investigate the evolution of safety research with respect to CIPs. Specifically, the way that safety assessments are conducted, as well as how safety management and safety technology in such areas are classified and investigated, followed by detailed descriptions of representative methods and their contributions to CIP safety, are discussed. An integrated safety framework for CIPs is proposed to organize safety approaches and measures systematically. Based on the classification and analysis of studies on management, assessment, and technology related to CIP safety, the research trends and future directions and challenges are discussed and outlined. Those results are useful for improving theoretical method and industrial strategies, and can advance the safety and sustainability development of CIPs.

Simultaneous analysis of slope instabilities on a small catchment-scale using coupled surface and subsurface flows

High-velocity runoff generated in hillslopes during heavy rainfall caused by typhoon increases chances of instability of the embankment slopes at the exit of the gully. Such effects of high-velocity runoff are usually neglected in conventional rainfall-induced slope failure analysis. In order to consider the effects of runoff on the slope instability, this study attempts to simulate the runoff, infiltration, seepage, and slope instabilities on a small catchment-scale simultaneously. For this purpose, this study firstly proposes a coupled model of surface flow, subsurface flow, and soil mechanics based on shallow water equations, Richards's equation, Green-Ampt infiltration capacity model, and local factor of safety (LFS) approach. Next, to make the proposed coupled model effective in the practical analysis of runoff, a diffusion wave approximation of shallow water equations is validated by numerical simulations, and then it is used to replace shallow water equations in the proposed coupled model. Finally, the proposed coupled model is verified by Abdul and Gillham system and applied to a natural slope in Hokkaido, Japan inside a small catchment with an area of 0.4675 km2. The numerical results highlight the influences of runoff from upstream on the embankment slope failure at the exit of the gully. Furthermore, the small catchment-scale slope instabilities assessment approach proposed in this study provides an effective approach for simulating heavy rainfall induced runoff and slope instabilities. The distribution map of the factor of safety (FOS) has significant implications for precisely determining the dangerous spots (instead of areas) on a small catchment-scale and accurately releasing early warning information to these dangerous spots.

Safety and efficacy of l-lysine sulfate produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum KFCC 11043 as a feed additive for all animal species.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on l‐lysine sulfate produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum KFCC 11043 when used as a nutritional additive in feed for all animal species. The active substance is l‐lysine. The production strain qualifies for the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach to safety assessment and was not detected in the final product. l‐Lysine sulfate produced using C. glutamicum KFCC 11043 does not pose any safety concern associated with the production strain. l‐Lysine sulfate produced by C. glutamicum KFCC 11043 is considered safe for the target species. When using l‐lysine sulfate, the background sulfur/sulfate content in the compound feed should be taken into account. l‐Lysine sulfate produced by C. glutamicum KFCC 11043 is safe for the consumer and for the environment. From the results of studies on the safety for the user of l‐lysine sulfate produced by a different production strain, it was possible to conclude on the safety for the user of the product under assessment. l‐Lysine sulfate produced by C. glutamicum KFCC 11043 is considered non‐toxic by inhalation, non‐irritant to skin or eyes and it is not a skin sensitiser. l‐lysine sulfate is considered as an efficacious source of the essential amino acid l‐lysine for non‐ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l‐lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non‐ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.

Safety and efficacy of Lactobacillus parafarraginis DSM 32962 as a silage additive for all animal species

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Lactobacillus parafarraginis DSM 32962 when used as a technological additive intended to improve the production of silage at a proposed application rate of 1 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/kg fresh material. The bacterial species L. parafarraginis is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment. As the identity of the strain has been clearly established and no acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants of concern were detected, the use of the strain as a silage additive is considered safe for livestock species, for consumers of products from animals fed the treated silage and for the environment. The additive is not an eye or dermal irritant but should be considered a potential respiratory sensitiser. No conclusions can be drawn on the skin sensitisation potential of the additive. Three studies with laboratory‐scale silos were made using samples of easy and moderately difficult to ensile forage. In each case, replicate silos containing untreated forage were compared with identical silos containing the same forage to which Lactobacillus parafarraginis DSM 32962 was added to reach an intended concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/kg fresh matter. The results showed that the addition of the additive improves significantly the aerobic stability of the silage tested.

Patient safety and quality improvement: Ethical principles for a regulatory approach to bias in healthcare machine learning.

Accumulating evidence demonstrates the impact of bias that reflects social inequality on the performance of machine learning (ML) models in health care. Given their intended placement within healthcare decision making more broadly, ML tools require attention to adequately quantify the impact of bias and reduce its potential to exacerbate inequalities. We suggest that taking a patient safety and quality improvement approach to bias can support the quantification of bias-related effects on ML. Drawing from the ethical principles underpinning these approaches, we argue that patient safety and quality improvement lenses support the quantification of relevant performance metrics, in order to minimize harm while promoting accountability, justice, and transparency. We identify specific methods for operationalizing these principles with the goal of attending to bias to support better decision making in light of controllable and uncontrollable factors.

Person-Centered Care Design with Reference to Healthcare Outcomes in Saudi Arabia: An Overview

The Person-Centered Care approach improves the facility design and revolves around user preferences with the added value of superior services, respect with dignity and teamwork, infrastructure, and innovation. This study based on healthcare professionals practicing person-centered care dimensions investigates conceptualization and the process of creating high quality to examine improve healthcare systems efficiency and effectiveness. To enhance the healthcare environment, ensuring a comprehensive assessment of patient journey throughout the care process and ensure safety, timeliness, effectiveness, efficiency, and patient-centered care approach have been considered. The consideration for home-like acknowledged built environment, aesthetically delighted, space for family and friends, noise-free, rooms exposed to nature, provision to access healing gardens and promote healthcare outcomes as well as better culture and better care consequence increase patient experience and thus have positive impact on patient satisfaction. In this paper the Person-Centered Care Design facility with reference to the healthcare outcomes in Saudi Arabia has been studied.

A New Safety Approach Allowing Reversible Control of CAR T Cell Responses

A New Safety Approach Allowing Reversible Control of CAR T Cell Responses

Critical Risks Method (CRM): A New Safety Allocation Approach for a Critical Infrastructure

In the current research, a safety allocation technique named the Critical Risks Method (CRM) has been developed. Starting from a literature review, we analyzed the shortcomings of conventional methods. The outcomes show the primary two criticalities of the most important safety allocation approaches: (1) They are developed for series configuration, but not for parallel ones; (2) they ordinarily give only qualitative outputs, but not quantitative ones. Moreover, by applying the conventional methods, an increase in safety of the units to ensure the safety target leads to an increase of the production costs of the units. The proposed strategy can overcome the shortcomings of traditional techniques with a safety approach useful to series–parallel systems in order to obtain quantitative outputs in terms of failures in a year. The CRM considers six factors that are able to ensure its applicability to a great variety of critical infrastructures. In addition, CRM is described by a simply analytic definition. The CRM was applied to a critical infrastructure (Liquid Nitrogen Cooling Installation) in a nuclear plant designed with series–parallel units. By comparing the CRM outputs with databank safety values, the proposed method was validated.

Analysis of Safety Policy Making: Implications for School Psychologists

Despite data indicating that schools are safe, and safer today than they were 20 years ago, it is not uncommon for both the general public and school policymakers to exaggerate safety threats following high-fatality school shootings such as the attack on Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. Often this leads to reactionary policies not supported by science. This paper reviews current school safety policy making efforts, with special attention directed to a policy analysis conducted by the Education Commission of the States, reviews the literature surrounding school safety approaches, and draws contrasts between the two. Implications for school psychology practice and for school safety advocacy are discussed.

An Integrative Total Worker Health Framework for Keeping Workers Safe and Healthy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ObjectiveThe aim was to recommend an integrated Total Worker Health (TWH) approach which embraces core human factors and ergonomic principles, supporting worker safety, health, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.BackgroundCOVID-19 has resulted in unprecedented challenges to workplace safety and health for workers and managers in essential businesses, including healthcare workers, grocery stores, delivery services, warehouses, and distribution centers. Essential workers need protection, accurate information, and a supportive work environment with an unwavering focus on effective infection control.MethodThe investigators reviewed emerging workplace recommendations for reducing workers’ exposures to the novel coronavirus and the challenges to workers in protecting their health. Using a theoretical framework and guidelines for integrating safety and health management systems into an organization for TWH, the investigators adapted the framework’s key characteristics to meet the specific worker safety and health issues for effective infection control, providing supports for increasing psychological demands while ensuring a safe work environment.ResultsThe recommended approach includes six key characteristics: focusing on working conditions for infection control and supportive environments for increased psychological demands; utilizing participatory approaches involving workers in identifying daily challenges and unique solutions; employing comprehensive and collaborative efforts to increase system efficiencies; committing as leaders to supporting workers through action and communications; adhering to ethical and legal standards; and using data to guide actions and evaluate progress.ConclusionApplying an integrative TWH approach for worker safety, health, and well-being provides a framework to help managers systematically organize and protect themselves, essential workers, and the public during the COVID-19 pandemic.ApplicationBy using the systems approach provided by the six implementation characteristics, employers of essential workers can organize their own efforts to improve system performance and worker well-being during these unprecedented times.

Reliability Analysis of Anchor Foundations Subject to Vertical Uplift Forces

Foundations of transmission towers are subject to uplift forces, and the designs are based on deterministic procedures. Present design guidelines on design of anchor foundations are discussed, and limitations as well as need for incorporation of reliability-based design are brought out. Reliability analysis of anchor foundations subjected to vertical uplift forces using the first-order reliability method is performed. The results of the reliability analysis for different distributions of shear strength parameters of soil and the uplift loads in terms of Hasofer–Lind reliability index have been presented. Load and resistance factors have also been presented to enable reliability-based design. A design example is presented to compare the results obtained from this study. The results show that reliability-based approach can lead to an economic design than the conventional factor of safety approach. It is suggested that codes need to incorporate reliability-based designs in practice.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA SIKAP DAN PENGHARGAAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PEKERJA DALAM PENGISIAN (HAZARD OBSERVATION CARD) DI SALAH SATU PERUSAHAAN PENYIMPANAN BAHAN KIMIA DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

HUBUNGAN ANTARA SIKAP DAN PENGHARGAAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PEKERJA DALAM PENGISIAN (HAZARD OBSERVATION CARD) DI SALAH SATU PERUSAHAAN PENYIMPANAN BAHAN KIMIA DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
 Ria Purnama Sari
 Departemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda Kalimantan Timur
 Email : riapurnamasari17584@gmail.com
 
 ABSTRACT
 
 Work accidents could occur due to unsafe working conditions and unsafe work behavior. Reporting dangerous events and accidents is a method and procedure that can be done to prevent dangerous events or accidents that recur. Bird's theory states that recurring nearmiss is mostly caused by unsafe behavior that can increase the risk of work accidents. Identification of unsafe behavior can be done with the Behavior Base Safety (BBS) approach, namely through the filling of hazard observation cards. This type of research used quantitative methods with cross sectional design. The number of samples studied was 76 workers with total sampling from workforce population. The study was conducted in July - August 2019. Data analysis in this study used the Spearman Rank test with a value of (α = 0,05).
 The results showed there were a relationship between attitude variables (Pvalue = 0,013) and awardin (Pvalue = 0,016. It is suggested to improve system of reward in order to increase worker motivation, make safety instructions regarding the obligation to fill a hazard reporting card, discussion forums or meetings related to the STOP Card program, design a interesting safety media communications focused on observing safe and unsafe condition in the work place. 
 
 Keywords : Hazard Observation Card, Behavior Based Safety
 

Information About Sunscreen on YouTube and Considerations for Sun Safety Promotion: Content Analysis

BackgroundSunscreen use is a popular sun protection method; however, application of sunscreen rarely meets the standards recommended for effectiveness. Access to information about how to effectively use sunscreen may play a role in proper sunscreen application. The internet is a common health information source; however, the quality of sunscreen-related content varies.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine information about sunscreen in YouTube videos by video source.MethodsIn November 2017, the authors identified the 20 most popular YouTube videos (sorted by view count and relevance) for each of these 5 search terms: sunscreen cancer, sunscreen health, sunscreen information, sunscreen ingredients, and sunscreen natural. The inclusion criteria were English language and view count >1000 (N=111 unique videos). We double-coded videos for standard recommendations for sunscreen use (eg, apply 20 minutes before sun exposure), use of outdated terminology, and recommendation of complementary sun safety strategies.ResultsThe view counts ranged from 1100 to 671,142 (median 17,774, SD 109,651) and the average daily views ranged from 1 to 1448 (median 23, SD 234). End users (46/111, 41.4%) and health care providers (24/111, 21.6%) were the most common sources, and none of the most popular videos were produced by federal agencies or cancer-related nongovernmental organizations. Health care provider videos included marginally more recommendations than end user videos (mean 1.46, SD 1.96 vs mean 1.05, SD 1.20), but few (19/111, 17.1%) mentioned reapplication. The videos were generally positive toward sunscreen (82/111, 73.9%); however, some videos were negative (29/111, 26.1%), with warnings about the health risks of chemical sunscreens and their ingredients. Do-it-yourself sunscreen tutorials represented 19/111 (17.1%) of the sample.ConclusionsYouTube is a potential source for disseminating sun safety messages; however, the quality of its sunscreen content varies. Most of the videos in our study failed to include important sunscreen use recommendations. Clinicians should be prepared to address the information needs of patients by discussing effective, evidence-based sunscreen application and recommending a combined sun safety approach.

Safety and efficacy of Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 29026 as a silage additive for all animal species.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 29026 when used as a technological additive to improve ensiling of forage. The additive is intended for use with all forages and for all animal species at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 108 colony‐forming units (CFU)/kg forage if used alone, or 5 × 107 CFU/kg forage if used in combination with other authorised microorganisms. The bacterial species L. buchneri is considered by the EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment. As the identity of the strain has been clearly established and no acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants of concern were detected, the use of the strain as a silage additive is considered safe for livestock species, for consumers of products from animals fed the treated silage and for the environment. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the potential of the additive to be a skin/eye irritant or skin sensitiser. Given the proteinaceous nature of the active agent, the additive should be considered a respiratory sensitiser. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 29026 at a minimum concentration of 5 × 107 CFU/kg may improve the production of silage from easy and moderately difficult to ensile forage material.

Safety and efficacy of TechnoSpore® (Bacillus coagulans DSM 32016) for piglets, other growing Suidae, chickens for fattening, other poultry for fattening and ornamental birds.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of TechnoSpore® (Bacillus coagulans DSM 32016), when used as a zootechnical additive for piglets (suckling and weaned), other growing Suidae, chickens for fattening, other poultry for fattening and ornamental birds. The bacterial species present in the additive is considered suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment. The identity of the active agent was established and the lack of toxigenic potential confirmed. B. coagulans DSM 32016 did not show resistance to antibiotics of human and veterinary importance, and therefore, was presumed safe for the target species, consumers of products derived from animals Fed the additive and the environment. Since the other components of the additive did not give rise to concerns, TechnoSpore® was also considered safe for the target species, consumer and the environment. The additive is not a skin/eye irritant or a skin sensitiser but should be considered a respiratory sensitiser. TechnoSpore® showed the potential to be efficacious as a zootechnical additive in weaned piglets and chickens for fattening at 1 × 109 CFU/kg complete feed. This conclusion was extended to suckling piglets and extrapolated to other growing Suidae at the same physiological stage and to other birds for fattening and ornamental birds at the same use level. B. coagulans DSM 32016 included in Technospore® is compatible with halofuginone and diclazuril. The Panel could not conclude on the compatibility of the additive with monensin sodium, decoquinate, robenidine hydrochloride, lasalocid sodium, narasin, salinomycin sodium, maduramicin ammonium, nicarbazin and narasin/nicarbazin.

End to End 학습 기반 자율 주행 프레임워크 개발 및 실차 기반 실험

In recent years, autonomous vehicles have been developed by various approaches for traffic safety and driver convenience. End-to-end learning-based autonomous driving has gained enormous attention in conjunction with deep learning technologies in which perception, planning, and control of the conventional autonomous driving algorithm are trained by a single deep neural network. In this paper, we present the end-to-end learning-based autonomous driving framework. The framework consisted of three parts: data acquisition in real-world and simulated environments, network design and optimization, and performance evaluation. Our framework was integrated on a full-scale autonomous vehicle platform and evaluated with various performance metrics.

Overview about cryogenic distillation control and safety approach for Isotopes Separation Facility (ISF)

Abstract Isotopes separation technologies are used in both Tritium Removal Facilities associated with CANDU reactors (to remove tritium from heavy water) and fusion applications (eq. ITER Isotope Separation System) to recover and enrich tritium for further operation. The expertise gained during design, manufacturing, building, commissioning and operation of the Cryogenic Distillation System (CDS) with proprietary four column design built at ICSI Rm. Valcea, could be applied for various tritium recovery applications, regardless of the type of front-end process used, Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange or Combined Electrolysis and Catalytic Exchange. Cryogenic Distillation feed is a mixture of hydrogen isotopes which presents hazards in operation (explosion and tritium contamination), therefore the CDS of PESTD was designed to meet industrial and nuclear applicable standards. In this paper we present an overview of the CDS focusing on the process control and safety approach which meet specific conditions of Romanian codes and standards required for operation. However, specific information may be used later as reference for design consideration for other CDS. The cryogenic distillation process from ICSI Rm. Valcea is designed as four columns cascade inside a cold-box which acts as second barrier against hydrogen release and thermal insulation. The CDS process control is based on a Programmable Automation Controller (PACs), a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and specific low temperature field equipment and devices. The control room operator supervises the process using a specific designed Human Machine Interface (HMI) which permits to monitor process parameters, alarms acknowledgment and acts to adjust the process or override normal PACs control.

Meat safety and quality: a biological approach

SummarySafe, high‐quality meat that is minimally processed, containing few added chemicals, is what is desired by the modern consumer. Biological approaches to meat safety appear more natural and, thus, are more readily acceptable. In this review, we examine biological approaches for meat safety and quality in the preharvest animal as well as during slaughter and in the post‐harvest processing of the meat product. Biological components, including probiotics (Direct‐Fed Microbials), vaccines, bacteriocins and lytic bacteriophage, are important components of a comprehensive approach to meat safety and quality.

Comparing the effect of in-person training and virtual training on using personal protection equipment among the staff in an open stone quarry

Introduction: Training has an important role in decreasing accidents and increasing safety level of workplaces. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of in-person training and virtual training on using personal protection equipment among the staff in an open stone quarry. Method: In this study, intermediary of training type has been carried out on three different groups (control, in person training, and virtual training) on 75 numbers of staff in an open stone quarry in 2018. The training content was compiled by researcher in virtual and in-person types and then confirmed by the experts. Data of personal protection equipmentusage in workplace were gathered by questionnair before and after trainig. Data were analysed by statistical tests including K2, dependant t, paired t, and variance analysis. Results: There has been no significant difference between groups before trainig the use of personal protection equipment. After training, findings showed a significant difference in personal protection equipment average usage among the staff. After intermediary, The ratio of using safety helmet and mask was increased among virtual and in- person groups rather than control group. Conclusion: This study findings have shown that in-person training and virtual training methods are effective in using the personal protection equipment in both groups and have increased safetybehaviors. It seems that using virtual training as alternative or complementary method for traditional methods can be an appropriate approach for retraining and improveing quarry staff's safety and self-care behaviour