It is the important foundation data that the material mechanics properties parameters in the important structure integrity evaluation and safety analysis. Since cold working will change the mechanical parameters of the local region material, and these local regions often play an important role in structural integrity analysis. To obtain the preliminary data of the mechanical parameters with different cold deformation, the relation of the cold deformation and mechanical parameters of 316L austenitic stainless steel is analyzed by combining the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and uniaxial tensile testing in this paper. The investigated results indicate that the cold working will increase the yield stress of the material to some extent, but has little effect on the reduction factor. The approach proposed in this paper could be used to preliminary estimate the mechanical properties parameters of materials subjected to cold working in the important engineering structures.