Safe Research Articles

Проблема ефективного та безпечного лікування гострих респіраторних інфекцій у дітей

Гострі респіраторні вірусні інфекції (ГРВІ) за поширеністю займають перше місце в світі, становлячи до 90 % усіх інфекційних захворювань. Етіологічна структура ГРВІ поліморфна, тому наявність клінічних проявів дуже рідко дозволяє встановити зв’язок із конкретним збудником і відповідно призначити етіотропну терапію. Метою даного клінічного дослідження було вивчення ефективності використання препарату Імупрет® у лікуванні ГРВІ у дітей (n = 35) дошкільного та молодшого шкільного віку. Усі пацієнти отримували симптоматичне лікування відповідно до чинного наказу МОЗ України. Основна група (n = 18) додатково отримувала імуномодулюючий препарат рослинного походження Імупрет®. З метою контролю за перебігом ГРВІ батьки заповнювали щоденник, який включав оцінку 9 основних симптомів. Якщо говорити про динаміку поліпшення за клінічним індексом, то слід зазначити, що в дітей основної групи починаючи з 3-го дня прийому препарату спостерігалася більш виражена позитивна динаміка порівняно з групою контролю. Вірогідні відмінності між пацієнтами спостерігалися при оцінці характеру кашлю: більш раннє його зволоження і збільшення продуктивності в дітей, які додатково отримували Імупрет®, з повним регресом в обох групах до 12-го дня. Середня тривалість ГРВІ в основній групі становила 6,2 дня порівняно з 8,9 дня в групі контролю. При аналізі частоти респіраторних захворювань встановлено, що протягом трьох місяців у дітей, яким був призначений Імупрет®, повторні епізоди спостерігалися тільки в 28 % випадків, в той час як у дітей із групи контролю вірусна інфекція була зареєстрована майже в половині випадків. Препарат Імупрет® є безпечним і ефективним лікарським засобом природного походження з доведеним механізмом дії для лікування і профілактики ГРВІ.

Awake Thyroidectomy: Safe, Effective, and Elegant

Awake Thyroidectomy: Safe, Effective, and Elegant

Safe Testing through Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Systems

Safe Testing through Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Systems

YM150, an Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor, as Prophylaxis for Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Elective Primary Hip Replacement Surgery. A Dose Escalation Study.

Activated factor X (FXa) is a pivotal blood coagulation factor positioned at the crossroads of the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation cascade. Inhibitors of FXa are anticoagulants that could be used in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis and venous thromboembolism (VTE). YM150 is a once daily, orally active FXa inhibitor. A randomized, enoxaparin-controlled, dose escalation study was performed in 174 patients undergoing elective primary hip replacement surgery to assess safety and efficacy of 7–10 days treatment with oral doses of YM150 (3, 10, 30 or 60 mg once daily starting 6–10 h after surgery) or s.c. enoxaparin (40 mg once daily starting 12 h before surgery). Safety is defined as major and/or clinically relevant non-major bleeding, and efficacy as venous thromboembolism detected by mandatory bilateral venography on the last treatment day and/or symptomatic VTE. The study was open-label with blinded evaluation of all outcomes by an independent Adjudication Committee. There were no major bleeds. Three clinically relevant non-major bleeds were reported, 1 (2.9%; 95% CI: 0–16%) in the 3 mg and 2 (5.7%; 1–19%) in the 10 mg YM150 dose groups. No trend was observed in the incidence of minor bleeds with dose of YM150 in the range 10 mg to 60 mg daily. The proportion of patients with minor bleeding events in the enoxaparin group (22%; 95% CI: 10–39%) was similar to that in the YM150, 60 mg daily group (24%; 11–41%). 147 patients (84%) were considered to have an evaluable venogram. The incidences of VTE were 52% (95% CI: 31–72%), 39% (22–57%), 23% (9–40%), and 19% (7–37%) for the respective 3, 10, 30 and 60 mg YM150 once daily dose groups in comparison with 39% (22–57%) for enoxaparin. Logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant dose-related trend (p=0.006) for patients reaching the VTE endpoint during YM150 treatment. No trend in any of the measured safety parameters was observed with study treatment (YM150 or enoxaparin) or dose of YM150. Oral, once daily doses of YM150, 10 mg to 60 mg administered 6 to 10 h after primary hip replacement, were shown to be safe, well tolerated and effective in this study.

Mirabegron safe and effective for NDO.

Mirabegron safe and effective for NDO.

Expert advice on management of urban nucleic acid testing base

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection is the key link for the precise epidemic prevention and control, and the urban detection bases have been proved to be achieved great successes in increasing the regional nucleic acid detection ability and efficiency. This expert advice contains ten aspects: environment and facilities management, personnel management and training, equipment management, materials management, quality management, bio-safety management, medical waste management, information system management, result report, supervision and continuous improvement. This manual aims to provide standards and suggestions for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection base management for ensuring the standardized, safe and orderly operation of the base to complete large-scale nucleic acid screening with high efficiency and quality. It also could be used by other SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection laboratory as reference.

Better safe than sorry?

Als oogartsen maken we de hele dag keuzes. Een van die keuzes gaat over het wel of niet gebruiken van perioperatieve antibiotica. Hoewel we binnen de oogheelkunde streven naar uniform werken, is dat met antibioticagebruik best lastig vanwege de doorgaans geringe consensus erover.

Day case tonsillectomy: A 9 year experience in Delta State Nigeria

Tonsillectomy has generally been regarded as an in-patient procedure. Presently though, due to rising costs and space constraints, it has increasingly became popular as a day case procedure world-wide. However, careful selection of patients is advised so as to avoid undue risks and possible resulting mortalities. To find out the suitability or otherwise of day case tonsillectomies in a resource poor country, taking note of possible complications arising from the surgeries and also pre-operative management modalities adopted to prevent these. Case notes of 52 Patients who underwent day case tonsillectomies and Adenotonsillectomies over a nine year period were reviewed. Indication for Surgery was recurrent tonsillitis for 11 (25.6) children and Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy for 32 (74.4%) children. The indication for surgery of all the adults was recurrent tonsillitis. Data extracted included age, sex, indication for surgery, procedure used for both Anesthesia and Surgery and complications arising from Surgery. 52 Patients met the criteria for day case surgeries. 43 (82.7) were Children and 9 (17.3%) were Adults. 49 patients (94.3) recovered well except 3 (5.7%) patients who had had complications and had to be admitted overnight afterwards. 1(1.9%) patient represented in the Hospital following earlier discharge for overnight admission. Day case Tonsillectomies/Adenotonsillectomies are relatively safe procedures especially when patients are carefully selected and pre-operative measures to encourage heamostasis instituted. Key words: Day case, costs, tonsillectomies, complications, haemostasis.

Effect of Five Essential Oils as Green Disinfectants on Selected Photographic Prints: Experimental Study

Albumen, silver gelatin and chromogenic prints are found abundantly among photographic collections in Egypt. Due to the uncontrolled environment in archives and libraries, this precious visual heritage with its high protein and cellulose content provides the right culture medium required for fungal growth. Many essential oils have been proven to have antibacterial and antifungal properties. Essential oils offer a safe alternative to other common disinfection methods; however, their effect on the properties of photographs have not received much study. This paper studies the effect of vapors of anise, cinnamon, clove, lavender and thyme oils on albumen, silver gelatin and chromogenic prints, to find a proper disinfection method that is user-friendly and environmentally safe and respects the nature of photographic materials. Essential oils were provided by the National Research Center (NRC) in Cairo, Egypt. Artificially aged albumen prints, and naturally aged silver gelatin and chromogenic prints were exposed in desiccators to the selected essential oils in the vapor phase for a period of 5 days. All samples were artificially aged at a temperature of 80°C and 65% RH for a period of 5 days to study the long-term effects of the tested treatments. Treatments were evaluated using several techniques including visual inspection, microscopic inspection, colorimetric measurements, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that all tested essential oils had a very slight effect on the tested photographic samples; however lavender oil was found to be the best option, specifically in terms of preserving the chemical properties of the photographic surfaces.

Herbal Medicines in management and prevention of COVID-19

Traditional herbal medicines are widely accepted in the world. Certain countries and WHO have research investment in traditional herbal medicines. COVID-19 came as a major Health care challenge for human in 2019. 480 deaths have been recorded till 18 th of April 2020 in India. No pharmaceutical products have yet been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of COVID-19. Major 3 types of targets of COVID-19 were identified by researches, which are as follow – 1) Inhibit coronavirus at structural level, 2) Inhibit coronavirus RNA synthesis and replication and 3) Inhibit virulence factor of Coronavirus. Certain Herbal medicines like Tribulus terrestris, Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, and Phyllanthus emblica have potent Anti-COVID properties , which is indicating new sunrise in the direction of Herbal medicine.

EXTENDING E-ADMINISTRATION CAPABILITIES FOR SAFE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT USING ICT PERIPHERAL DEVICES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA

This work investigated extending e-administration capabilities for safe school management using ICT peripheral devices in Ebonyi State. Specifically, it investigated the ICT peripheral devices available to principals of public and private secondary schools in Ebonyi State and the extent they use these peripheral devices in extending the functionality of e-administration platforms for managing safe school in the face of growing insecurity in secondary schools in Ebonyi State. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population was 350 principals, while multistage sampling procedure was adopted to sample 120 principals (60 public and 60 private secondary school principals). A 10-item questionnaire which was divided into two parts was used to collect data for the study. Kuder-Richardson 21 and Cronbach’s Alpha method were used to establish the reliability for the two parts of the questionnaire and the reliability coefficients obtained were 0.98 and 0.87 respectively. Data analysis was done using frequencies and percentages for research question one, while mean was used for research question two. X 2 and t-test were used to test Ho1 and Ho2 respectively at 0.05 level of significance. Findings indicated that all the five ICT peripheral devices were not available in public secondary schools, but one of the five ICT peripheral devices was available in private secondary schools. Finding from Ho2 indicated that there was no significant difference between the mean ratings of public and private school principals on the extent to which they apply ICT peripheral devices to extend the scope of their e-administration platforms in secondary schools in Ebonyi State. Based on these findings conclusion was drawn and it was recommended among others that the Parents Teachers Association (PTA) should help by donating some ICT peripheral devices that can be used to enhance school management and safety of their children. Article visualizations:

Responses to Fatwas of Islamic Religious Leaders and Institutions during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in the Philippines: Looking at How Guidance Was Provided to Muslim Communities in the Philippines.

The Philippine constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and religious worship. The law forbids public officials from interrupting religious activities. However, with the sharp rise of Coronavirus (COVID-2019) infection all over the world, the Inter-Agency Task Force (AITF) on Emerging Infections Disease created resolutions to assess, monitor, contain and prevent the spread of the pandemic. Religious leaders and Islamic institutions are no exceptions and they must abide to these resolutions including mass gatherings, safety procedures on burials, and strict observance of social distancing.
 Muslims strictly perform five times a day prayer, Friday Jamaah prayer, and bury the dead in accordance to Islamic practices mentioned in the Quran. Therefore, the study focus on how Islamic leaders and institutions responded to AITF resolutions to prevent the spread of the pandemic.
 The data were collected from mixed sources: from official announcements, social media accounts, and by phone interviews. Meaningful central themes were derived from the data.
 Findings noted responses of Muslim communities focused on (1) suspension of collective religious activities and programs until the pandemic is over; (2) abide by government directives on how to be safe from the threat of COVID-19; (3) institutionalization of positive sanitation practices of their facilities personnel and families; (4) cancellation of classes and their religious learning institutions; and (5) public interest and dharurah (possibility of harm or injury).
 In conclusion, the concept of collective duty (farḍ kifāya) as a basic of principle of Islam was practiced by Islamic religious leaders and institutions. Hence, maintaining social

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Appear Safe During Pregnancy

Questions about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant persons and their newborns remain to be answered. Now, researchers report preliminary

Recent advances in preoperative assessment of hepatic functional reserve for hepatectomy

Hepatectomy represents the first choice of treatment for primary and secondary liver malignancies.However,post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after liver resection.Inadequate remnant liver volume and function are the determining factors of PHLF.Therefore,preoperative assessment of hepatic functional reserve is of paramount importance for prevention of PHLF.There are two main conventional assessment systems of preoperative hepatic functional reserve.The first is remnant liver volume(RLV) and its derivative indicators such as residual liver volume ratio,standardized residual liver volume ratio,RLV/body weight,and RLV/body surface area,calculated by imaging-based methods such as CT,that assess whether the volume of residual liver meets the requirements of safe hepatectomy.However,RLV is not an appropriate indicator of functional liver remnant,since the function of liver within equal volume among different persons is unequal due to the underlying liver diseases.Functional imaging techniques,such as 99Tcm-GSA,99Tcm-IDA and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI can simultaneously evaluate residual liver volume and function,leading to be a more appropriate indicator of functional liver remnant.The second is liver function tests,including serum biochemical parameters,clinical scoring systems and quantitative liver function tests.However,it can merely evaluate the overall liver function preoperatively,but not the residual one postoperatively.The residual liver function can be accurately measured by intraoperative indocyanine green clearance with the extrahepatic and intrahepatic blood flow of liver to be resected blocked.In addition,methods such as preoperative portal vein embolization and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,can be used for patients with a predicted inadequate RLV.Due to the unequal liver function within an equal volume increased by different methods,functional imaging techniques are more appropriate in predicting the increasing functional liver than traditional methods which just assess the increasing liver volume.

Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma, the most malignant and most common form of glioma, is known to portend very poor prognosis with the median overall survival of approximately 1.5 years. Its treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach, which consists of maximal safe resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Bevacizumab is approved for newly diagnosed as well as recurrent malignant glioma in Japan. NovoTTF is a novel medical device that emits alternating electric fields; it inhibits the proliferation and growth of the tumor by interfering with tumor cell mitosis at anaphase. A photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium has been approved for primary malignant brain tumor including glioblastoma in Japan. For epilepsy secondary to glioblastoma, a novel class of antiepileptics such as levetiracetam and lacosamide is preferred given the lack of drug-drug interactions. Perampanel is a selective antagonist of AMPA receptors, the major subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors; it may be a preferred antiepileptics for glioblastoma, given the in vitro and in vivo analyses suggesting that it decreases the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. In this chapter, I describe the overview of the multidisciplinary treatments of glioblastoma. I also describe the future perspectives.

How safe are e-cigarettes?

How safe are e-cigarettes?

Yoga and Bone Health.

Osteoporosis is a public health problem affecting individuals globally. Yoga has been found to prevent and reverse bone loss. Yoga may result in better balance, improved posture, and greater range of motion, strength, and coordination, all factors that also mitigate the risk of falls and fractures. A 12-minute, 12-pose yoga regimen is discussed in detail. Once learned, the ongoing use of yoga is safe, without cost, and may be done lifelong.

Hematological parameters and globulin profile of Bothrops asper and Crotalus simus snakes (Serpentes: Viperidae), after the main venom gland removal

Snakebite accidents are a neglected tropical disease worldwide recognized, and in Costa Rica the snakes Bothrops asper and Crotalus simus causes more than the 60% of the snakebite accidents reported. To fight this neglected disease, institutions need to establish and keep a venomous snake collection in order to extract the venom and produce the antivenom. The welfare of the snakes in captivity must be guaranteed, specially to old animals with defective venom production, which is the case of the Clodomiro Picado Institute. A surgical removal of the main venom gland was performed in five animals of B . asper and C . simus with none or low venom production, and the hematological parameters and plasma proteins were analyzed pre-surgery and for 90 days post-surgery. As result of the surgical procedure, the animals did not show anemia post-surgery, a heterophilia was found in respond to the invasive method, a relative monocytosis and lymphopenia at day one to three was also found, meaning that the surgical removal of the main venom gland is a safe procedure and did not affect the snake’s health. Additionally, the electrophoretic determination of the albumin:globulin ratio, is a good test to assess the body health condition in the snakes studied. Finally, the relative monocytosis and lymphopenia seems to be directly linked to a continuously handling of the snakes during consecutive days. with monocytes playing a key role in a stress respond, therefore, these relative monocytosis and lymphopenia values should be considered in the interpretation of stress leukogram reports.

Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant Women with HIV: Safe and Effective

Dolutegravir in combination with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) has been recommended by the WHO since 2018 as first-line

Copanlisib safe and active in combination.

Copanlisib safe and active in combination.