Safe Space Research Articles

Enabling comprehensive assessment of marine eutrophication impacts and their evaluation against regional safe operating space

PurposeNitrogen emissions from human activities are contributing to elevated levels of eutrophication in coastal ecosystems. Mechanisms involved in marine eutrophication show strong geographical variation. Existing life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) and absolute environmental sustainability assessment (AESA) methods for marine eutrophication do not adequately represent this variability, do not have a full global coverage, and suffer from other limitations, such as poor estimation of coastal residence times. This study aims to advance LCIA and AESA for marine eutrophication.MethodsWe aligned and combined recent advancements in marine eutrophication LCIA and AESA methods into one method. By re-running models underlying the combined methods and incorporating additional data sources, we included marine regions missing in previous methods and improved fate modeling, with the inclusion of denitrification and plant uptake in the air emission-terrestrial deposition pathway. To demonstrate and validate our method, we applied it in a case study.ResultsThe developed method allows the assessment of marine eutrophication impacts from emissions to soil, freshwater, and air at high resolution (0.083° and 2° × 2.5° for inland and air emissions, respectively) and spatial coverage (all ice-free global continents). In the case study, we demonstrate the added value of our method by showing that the now quantified spatial variability within spatial units, e.g., river basins, can be large and have a strong influence on the modeled marine eutrophication from the case study. Compared to existing methods, our method identifies larger occupations of safe operating space for marine eutrophication, mainly due to the high resolution of the coastal compartment, reflecting a more realistic areal extent of marine eutrophication impacts.ConclusionsAlthough limited by factors such as simulations based on a single reference year for modeling inland and air fate, our method is readily applicable to assess the marine eutrophication impact of nitrogen emitted to any environmental compartment and relate it to the safe operating space. With substantial advancement of existing approaches, our method improves the basis for decision-making for managing nitrogen and reducing emissions to levels within the safe operating space.

Radiographic study of direct anterior approach hip arthroplasty: a 10–15 year follow-up of Chinese patients

BackgroundControversy remains over whether different surgical approaches exert an impact on the component positioning in total hip arthroplasty. We conducted a retrospective study to reveal the long-term position of prostheses in the first group of patients in China who underwent direct anterior hip arthroplasty.MethodsCollected were data from 350 patients who underwent direct anterior hip arthroplasty between 2008 and 2013, including demographic information, imaging data, Harris hip scores, and surgical complications. Variables, measured radiographically or by CT, included hip offset, leg length discrepancy, component position, and stability within one week after surgery and at the last follow-up. The data were subjected to statistical analysis by using paired t-tests and Pearson chi-square tests.ResultsData were harvested by follow-up and self-reported questionnaires. The postoperative follow-up lasted for 13.1 years on average (minimum, 10 years; maximum, 15 years), and the overall survival rate of hip prostheses was 96.3%. The mean Harris score at the final follow-up was 91.8 points. After excluding patients with significant preoperative hip deformities, the incidence of postoperative limb inequality (> 5 mm) was 4.9% at the last follow-up, and the incidence of hip offset discrepancy (> 5 mm) was 14.6%. The overall proportion of the acetabular components located in the Lewinnek safe zone was 77.7%, whereas the proportion of femoral prostheses in the safe zone (< 3° inclination) was 94.0%. Based on the revised data and the last follow-up imaging, the total proportion of acetabular and femoral prostheses with a radiolucence of > 2 mm was 5.1%.ConclusionDirect anterior approach hip arthroplasty could achieve excellent component positioning and long-term prosthesis survival in patients without severe hip deformities.

Redefining Academic Safe Space for Responsible Management Education

AbstractIn a time of increasing polarization, how can we address sensitive topics and ensure that university classrooms remain places of healthy discussions and ethical deliberations? This paper addresses this important question by drawing on unique qualitative data from our students’ accounts of their experience in an organizational ethics course. We developed the course using a novel pedagogical strategy centered around the creation of an artistic portfolio. We find that student engagement in an alternative individual space, such as the artistic portfolio, supports them in developing (inter)personal skills in preparation for constructive participation in sensitive discussions and ethical deliberation in the classroom. Additionally, engagement with the artistic portfolio provides them with an alternative means for alleviating tension that arises from these discussions and a space for expressing their opinions. Our findings highlight the role of the portfolio as an individual safe haven that supports teachers in facilitating a positive classroom atmosphere and guides students through challenging discussions and deliberations intrinsic to responsible management education. Considering these new insights, we advocate for a shift from a collective to an individual perspective on safety in academia. This transition liberates the classroom from the constraints and limitations often associated with the establishment of collective safe spaces.

COVID-19 violence and the re-making of urban space through solidarity networks among transgender women in Lima, Peru

ABSTRACT Extreme instances of COVID-19 policy-related violence against transgender (trans) communities in Latin America highlight the imperative to better understand how gender, power, and rights are entwined within public spaces. Peru is a useful vantage point to explore the intersections between gendered power asymmetries, violence, and access to safe public spaces, given the brief COVID-19 public health policy that restricted the mobility of its citizens based on binary understandings of sex and associated cisheteronormativity. These policies restricted access to public spaces and essential services to women on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, and to men on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays and were enforced based on sex assigned at birth reported via identity documents. Drawing on 25 in-depth interviews with Peruvian trans women, this paper examines the impacts of these COVID-19 policies on trans communities and documents grassroots activism efforts to navigate public space that ultimately demand and assert human rights both during and post-COVID-19. Findings illustrate that while short-lived, the sex-based policies and associated policing in urban public space significantly impacted the well-being of Peruvian trans women. Participants illustrated numerous community-enacted strategies to navigate COVID-19 inequities, including information sharing, crowd-sourcing funds to secure food, pay rent and/or secure housing, and grocery shopping provided by trans people for trans people. Further, community mutual aid efforts have continued and evolved years into the pandemic. Jointly, findings advance understandings of the critical role of public spaces as arenas of political struggles that reveal and challenge a wider spectrum of intersecting oppressions and power structures that trans women continually navigate and resist.

Safety-critical control of planar quadcopters under dynamic event-triggered mechanism

This paper aims to solve the problem of safety-critical control, i.e., safe flight of planar quadcopters in complex environments. By introducing input-to-state safe barrier function (ISSf-BF), the attitude, position, speed, and other key parameters of planar quadcopters are fully considered to realize safety-critical control. Also, a dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM) is constructed, and Zeno phenomenon is ruled out based on the constructed DETM. By monitoring the relative distance and speed changes between planar quadcopters and the boundary of the safe zone, the control action is triggered only when the control strategy needs to be adjusted, which effectively reduces the unnecessary waste of computation and communication resources. Finally, a series of simulation experiments are demonstrated to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

Forest Disputes: Socially Engaged Art and Forest Science for Understanding Sustainability Challenges

This paper explores activist art's potential in promoting environmental awareness and community engagement, drawing from the International Socially Engaged Art Symposium (ISEAS). Focused on a Western Lapland ISEAS event, the study highlights art workshops addressing forest use conflicts facilitated by artist-scientist teams. These workshops offer a secure space for participants to express environmental concerns, fostering creative expression and dialogue. The study suggests that art-based interventions powerfully promote environmental awareness and community engagement by creating safe spaces for collaborative dialogue. Through ISEAS experiences, the paper demonstrates how activist art facilitates meaningful community engagement, fostering a deeper understanding of environmental challenges.

An integrated approach for sewage diversion: Case of the Huayuan mine, Hunan Province, China

Environment protection is a core priority for many governments in this century. Most environmental problems have diverse causes: emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels, resource depletion, or intense mining activities such as the Huayuan manganese mine. The positioning of mining factories and water treatment stations impacts the surrounding groundwater reservoir. As the mine expands, the environmental impact also increases, and the previous plan based on monitoring wastewater leakage has become inappropriate. Therefore, to solve this issue, a new study is required to understand the lateral resistivity distribution underground and to define a new station location for water treatment and divert the sewage to that station. In this study, the audio-frequency magnetotelluric method is used. Surveys of two long lines that cross the mining area to its boundaries are carried out. Data are robustly processed and inverted. Based on the inverted models, in addition to the geologic information, drilling inspections, and solid waste distributions map, the integrated interpretation develops two sites on the top of impermeable layers, which constitute a buffer point between the unsafe (high concentration of pollutants) and the safe zones in the northwestern part of the mine. From the resistivity distribution combined with the water quality analysis, a relationship between the fault structures reveals an interconnected conductive zone (CZ) in the southeastern part. As the main channels for water circulating underground, these CZs delineate the main groundwater reservoir with a clastic aquifer layer. However, close to factories, the water from faults contains solid wastes, thereby making the groundwater in that zone nonpotable, unlike the safety zone located in the northwestern part. This workflow can become a field guide to improve the environment of mines and the deployment of hydrogeologic drilling in a safe area.

Exploring the non-refoulment principle in the ECtHR jurisprudence

This research explores the applications of the non-refoulment principle under the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) jurisprudence. We have analyzed the trending and complex debate to argue whether it is legally possible for Türkiye to initiate repatriation processes for Syrians under Temporary Protection (SuTPs). Indeed, the World’s leading refugee hosting country, Türkiye, has implemented several ways to ensure a safe and secure return of SuTPs. Concomitantly, the increasing numbers of SuTPs who vacate Syria during holidays accelerated the narratives for their permanent return. Although the jus cogens norm of non-refoulment cannot be breached, it is still a concern by host countries to determine when it is legal to repatriate refugees after extensive hosting periods. In this research, we explore that there are nuances to the implementation of the non-refoulment principle in the ECtHR jurisprudence. International cooperation and convincing the international community are essential elements for triggering the repatriation programs. Hence, Türkiye should cooperate with other countries to establish a safe zone and to acknowledge the international community for the safety of returnees to eliminate the accusations of breaching the non-refoulment principle.

Abstract PO2-11-12: The power of storytelling to heal, build community, and understand the experiences of Black breast cancer survivors

Abstract Background: The BRIDGE community focus group was designed to support and empower current and former Black breast cancer patients. The overarching goals of the focus group were to provide a mechanism for participants to amplify their voices through storytelling, foster healing, and establish a supportive community. Additionally, the research team aimed to gather qualitative data on social support, treatment adherence barriers, interactions with medical providers, and experiences with race and racism within and outside of the healthcare system. Approach: The focus group consisted of six sessions, each with a specific agenda and activities. Participants were encouraged to keep journals throughout the program. Each session began with an icebreaker and journal discussion. Session-specific activities were designed to encourage self-reflection, exploration of personal identities, and discussion of fears. These topics were explored through creative outlets such as role-play, storyboards, and jewelry-making. Each session ended with a unifying affirmation and opportunity for fellowship. Results: We enrolled 10 Black women previously diagnosed with breast cancer and provided a safe space for them to reflect on their breast cancer journey, associated fears, and the role of race in their healthcare experience. Participants discussed positive and negative experiences with healthcare providers, highlighting the knowledge and access gaps that often exist in marginalized communities. The program also provided insights into the multi-level concept of support and its impact on breast cancer outcomes. Participants discussed the positive aspects of familial and community support but identified several areas where system and structural supports may have improved their outcomes. After completing all six sessions, women reported an improvement in their overall self-actualization and purpose—with several describing their time in the program as ‘life-changing’. Notably, the focus group facilitated deep connection and friendship among participants and improved general wellness and satisfaction. Discussion: Through the sharing of personal narratives and supportive discussions, the focus group created a safe environment where participants felt empowered to express their emotions, address challenges, and dismantle fears related to breast cancer mortality. The BRIDGE research team will summarize the themes that emerged across sessions to share with scientific, clinical, and community stakeholders. In parallel, they will explore opportunities for continued community building and support for participants beyond the focus group sessions. Overall, this storytelling focus group showcased the significance of amplifying the voices of historically marginalized groups, providing support, and fostering community. The insights gained have the potential to inform future interventions and support services for Black breast cancer survivors, addressing their unique needs and challenges and ultimately improving cancer health equity. Citation Format: Lauren McCullough, Cynthia Young, Chava Bowden, Madison Gardner, Breanna Berry, Alexix Smith, Jacquelyn Anthony Bryant. The power of storytelling to heal, build community, and understand the experiences of Black breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-11-12.

Cavern spacing of CAES cavern group in hard rock based on plastic zone and deformation analysis

Existing research on layout parameters of compressed air energy storage (CAES) cavern groups in hard rock has indicated that the key influential factors for group stability include buried depth, diameter, and cavern spacing. Among these, in contrasting to other factors, the research on cavern spacing is limited. This paper focuses on the issue of safe spacing and proposes a numerical method to determine it. By establishing a series of finite element models, the stress state of surrounding rock, changes in shape, equivalent plastic strain of plastic zone, and cavern wall deformation under different spacing have been studied. When a group of air storage caverns in rows is subjected to high internal pressure, for a small spacing, the plastic zone of the surrounding rock between two caverns is connected. Here, the size of the plastic zone, equivalent plastic strain value, and deformation of the cavern wall are relatively large, making the surrounding rock highly susceptible to damage. As the spacing increases, the horizontal width of the plastic zone, the maximum equivalent plastic strain value, the displacement changes of the cavern wall remain stable. This spacing is virtually the same as that when the plastic zone of the surrounding rock is no longer connected and can be selected as a safe spacing. This study explores the design of cavern safe spacing of underground CAES cavern groups and discusses several influencing factors, which can provide references for follow-up energy storage engineering and research.

Expanding the reach of the trans-middle cerebellar peduncle approach: pontine cavernous malformations, tissue transgression beyond the safe entry zone, and the invisible triangle.

In the authors' microsurgical experience, the trans-middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) approach to the lateral and central pons has been the most common approach to brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs). This approach through a well-tolerated safe entry zone (SEZ) allows a wide vertical or posterior trajectory, reaching pontine lesions extending into the midbrain, medulla, and pontine tegmentum. Better understanding of the relationships among lesion location, surgical trajectory, and long-term clinical outcomes could determine areas of safe passage. A single-surgeon cohort study of all primary trans-MCP BSCM resections was conducted from July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2021. Preoperative and postoperative MR images were independently reviewed by 3 investigators blinded to the intervention, using a standardized rubric to define BSCM regions of interest (ROIs) involved with a lesion or microsurgical tract. Statistical testing, including the chi-square test with the Bonferroni correction, logistic regression, and structural equation modeling, was performed to analyze relationships between ROIs and clinical outcomes. Thirty-one patients underwent primary trans-MCP BSCM resection during the study period. The median age was 50 years (IQR 24-49 years); 19 (61%) patients were female, and 12 (39%) were male. Seven (23%) patients had familial cavernous malformation syndromes. The median follow-up was 9 months (range 6-37 months). At the last follow-up, composite neurological outcomes were favorable: 22 (71%) patients had 0 (n = 12, 39%) or 1 (n = 10, 32%) major persistent deficit, 5 patients (16%) had 2 deficits, 2 (7%) had 3 deficits, and 1 patient each (3%) had 4 or 6 deficits. Unfavorable composite outcomes were significantly associated with lesions (OR 7.14, p = 0.04) or surgical tracts (OR 12.18, p < 0.001) extending from the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) into the contralateral medial midbrain. The ipsilateral dorsal pons was the most frequently implicated ROI involving a surgical tract and the development of new postoperative deficits. This region involved the rhomboid pontine territory and transgression of the pontine tegmentum (OR 7.53, p < 0.001). Structural equation modeling supported medial midbrain and pontine tegmentum transgression as the primary drivers of morbidity. Trans-MCP resection is a safe and effective treatment for BSCMs, including lesions with marked superior or inferior ipsilateral extension. Two trajectories are associated with increased neurological risk: first, a superomedial trajectory to lesions extending into the midbrain that transgresses the SCP, its decussation, or both; and second, a posteromedial trajectory to lesions extending into the pontine tegmentum. The corticospinal tract, SCP, and pontine tegmentum form an invisible triangle within the pontine white matter tolerant of transgression. When the surgeon works within this triangle, most deep pontine BSCMs, including large lesions, those with contralateral or posterior extension, and others extending into the midbrain and medulla, can be resected safely with the trans-MCP approach.

Rehabilitation guidelines following arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation surgery for traumatic instability – a Delphi consensus

BackgroundThere is no consistent approach to rehabilitation following arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation surgery (ASSS) in the UK. The aim of this study was to agree a set of post-operative guidelines for clinical practice. MethodExpert stakeholders (surgeons, physiotherapists and patients) were identified via professional networks and patient involvement and engagements groups. A three-stage online Delphi study was undertaken. Consensus was defined by the OMERACT threshold of 70% agreement. Results11 surgeons, 22 physiotherapists and 4 patients participated. It was agreed patients should be routinely immobilised in a sling for up to 3 weeks but can discard earlier if able. During the immobilisation period, patients should move only within a defined “safe zone.” Permitted functional activities include using cutlery, lifting a drink, slicing bread, using kitchen utensils, wiping a table, light dusting, pulling up clothing, washing/drying dishes. Closing car doors or draining saucepans should be avoided. Through range movements can commence after 4 weeks, resisted movements at 6 weeks. Patients can resume light work as they feel able and return to manual work after 12 weeks.Return to non-contact sports when functional markers for return to play are met was agreed. Return to contact sport is based on function & confidence after a minimum of 12 weeks. Additional factors to consider when determining rehabilitation progression: functional/physical milestones, patient’s confidence and presence of kinesiophobia. The preferred outcome measure is the Oxford Instability Shoulder Score. ConclusionThis consensus provides expert recommendations for the development of rehabilitation guidelines following ASSS. Contribution of the paper•This paper is the first to provide expert recommendations for patients undergoing rehabilitation following arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation surgery.•This paper provides clinicians and patients with expert guidance on appropriate expectations regarding functional restriction and progression following arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation surgery.•In the absence of national clinical guidelines for this patient group, these recommendations will reduce variation and improve quality of care.•The knowledge acquired from this study will also lay the foundation for clinical guidelines to be developed.•The results of this study also demonstrate the need for further, empirical work to be carried out in this area.

THRIVING IN MOTION – YOUTH MOVES: MOVEMENT FOR TRANS AND GENDER DIVERSE YOUNG FOLK

CASE SETTING Gender diverse young people have lower rates of exercise, and higher rates of mental and physical health challenges, perpetuated by a lack of trans-friendly physical activity providers and environments. Our collaborative project aimed to create and support community-based exercise opportunities for trans and gender diverse young people (15-25yrs) to increase participation and improve their physical and mental health outcomes. Alongside feasibility data from 18 months delivery, two case studies will be presented (23 yrs non-binary individual, presenting with disordered eating and exercise, neurodivergence and mental illness; 18yrs transfeminine presenting with neurodivergence and participation barriers). APPROACH AND TREATMENT Through targeted community collaboration with young people and multidisciplinary support services, a supportive and inclusive structured exercise program was created. Specifically, we delivered and evaluated the feasibility of the exercise program for gender diverse young people; and educated the wider exercise and health community on inclusive exercise practices. RESULTS Forty-six gender diverse young people participated across the delivery of 11 x 8-10 week programs in 5 Perth metro locations, totalling 4518 exercise therapy hours. On average 100% of participants reported a score higher than 3/5 for program enjoyment, 79% of participants reported a score higher than 3/5 for motivation to return. Participants on average increased weekly physical activity participation by 50% since commencing the program, and 100% of participants would recommend the program to other trans peers. REFLECTIONS/LEARNINGS In WA, the absence of exercise opportunities for gender diverse young people prompted our tailored program. We prioritized inclusivity, safety, and participant-specific needs. Our proactive approach included health screenings, upskilling staff, and encouraging a supportive environment. Listening to participant expectations, involving a Youth Advisory Group, and engaging a Youth Engagement Officer proved vital for program success. Our reflections incorporate the significance of tailored, inclusive programs and community involvement in fostering active, safe spaces.

Climate change critically affects the status of the land-system change planetary boundary

The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity. To date, these boundaries have mostly been investigated separately, and it is unclear whether breaching one boundary can lead to the transgression of another. By employing a dynamic global vegetation model, we systematically simulate the strength and direction of the effects of different transgression levels of the climate change boundary (using climate output from ten phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models for CO2 levels ranging from 350 ppm to 1000 ppm). We focus on climate change-induced shifts of Earth’s major forest biomes, the control variable for the land-system change boundary, both by the end of this century and, to account for the long-term legacy effect, by the end of the millennium. Our simulations show that while staying within the 350 ppm climate change boundary co-stabilizes the land-system change boundary, breaching it (>450 ppm) leads to critical transgression of the latter, with greater severity the higher the ppm level rises and the more time passes. Specifically, this involves a poleward treeline shift, boreal forest dieback (nearly completely within its current area under extreme climate scenarios), competitive expansion of temperate forest into today’s boreal zone, and a slight tropical forest extension. These interacting changes also affect other planetary boundaries (freshwater change and biosphere integrity) and provide feedback to the climate change boundary itself. Our quantitative process-based study highlights the need for interactions to be studied for a systemic operationalization of the planetary boundaries framework.

Deaths, Destructions and Displacements (DDD): The Impact of Boko Harm Insurgency on Education Development in North-East Nigeria

Boko Haram insurgency has affected every sector in the Northern part of Nigeria, especially the Northeast region. It is understood that even before the emergence of the Boko Haram in Northeastern part of Nigeria, the region was characterized with the poorest rate of socio-economic and human development index. The paper examined consequences of Boko Haram insurgency on education sector in Northeast Nigeria. The research being qualitative in nature, obtained data through the primary and secondary sources and analyzed thematically. The study found that there are several associated consequences of Boko Harm insurgency on education in the region including but not limited to death, destruction, and displacement. The consequences have had serious implications of manpower shortage, destruction of infrastructure and facilities, displacement of teachers and students, and the mass abduction of school children among others. It is noted that these consequences have repeatedly posed a serious threat or set back to conducive teaching and learning environment much needed for by teachers ‘and students alike and by extension to the education sector at large. To advance a conducive teaching and learning atmosphere, the research recommends that government and stakeholders alike must work hand in hand to provide practical and realistic steps to address the recurring security challenges associated with schools. It is believed that with an enhanced safe learning space for both teachers and students alike their performance in major education outcomes will improve as well enhance the overall educational development not only in the Northeast region but across Nigeria as a whole.

Digital mental health and peer support: Building a Theory of Change informed by stakeholders' perspectives.

Digital Mental Health and Peer support has the potential to bridge gaps in support through its scalability and accessibility. Despite the increasing use of these platforms, there remains a lack of understanding of how they operate in real life, from initial engagement to longer-term impact. We aimed to explore the key inputs, processes, user interactions, assumptions, barriers, facilitators, outcomes, and impacts associated with the use of DMH and peer support platforms by developing a Theory of Change with stakeholders. Stakeholders (n = 77) contributed to the formulation of the Theory of Change through a series of online workshops, focus groups, interviews, and open-ended survey feedback. Workshops were structured to capture information related to aspects of the Theory of Change and to allow stakeholders to provide feedback to improve the diagram. A thematic framework approach was used to analyze transcripts to enable comparisons of factors reported by members, commissioners, and platform staff. Stakeholders identified a variety of factors contributing to initial inputs, processes, outcomes, and impact. Engagement emerged as the most significant barrier to the use of platforms. Motivations for use included filling in gaps in available support, connecting with others and upskilling. Different member types determined how users would interact with the platform which could influence the social response of others. Outcomes were largely positive including provision of a safe online space, improvement in wellbeing, and feeling connected to others. Stakeholders noted impact was harder to identify due to the preventative nature of these platforms but suggested this related to the knowledge of available support, reduction in waiting for support and in referrals, and increasing engagement and uptake of the platforms. Stakeholders identified assumptions regarding internet access as a significant barrier. The Theory of Change illustrated three distinct pathways in digital mental health and peer support. Further research is needed to improve engagement and factors influencing engagement, the member experience and how impact is measured.

Exploring the instability in the food security due to nitrogen fertilizer regulatory policy

AbstractThe nitrogen regulatory policy (NRP) solution is introduced as a mitigation measure against environmental nitrogen losses and keeps food production in the Safe Operating Space of the Nitrogen Planetary Boundary. Meanwhile, scientific research shows that steps taken to reduce environmental harm can increase the unpredictability of calorie production from crops. This study sought to investigate the impact of NRP solutions on the level of risk of accessibility to calorie sources from domestic production, the variations in calorie sources by livestock and non‐livestock diet components, and the responses of different dietary preferences, namely, poor, medium, and rich livestock protein diets, against NRP solutions in the Zayandeh‐Rud River basin, Iran. We developed the aggregate household food security index (AHFSI) and combined it with outputs of crop simulation model to examine how changes in dietary energy supplies under three NRP scenarios—low, moderate, and high nitrogen fertilizer application—affect the stability of three regional dietary preferences. The comparison of NRP scenarios movements realized that increases (or decreases) in nitrogen fertilizer rates contradicted the stability in AHFSI. Additionally, a one‐unit change in the average calories from non‐livestock sources, such as wheat and potatoes, results in greater fluctuations in the standard deviations of produced calories compared to changes in meat and dairy production. We proposed that in order to prevent adverse effects of NRP solutions on food security, mitigation strategies addressing the NRP solution should be structured based on (i) regional heterogeneities, (ii) type of crops, that is, food and feed crops, (iii) the range of nitrogen rates movement; (iv) and the socioeconomic background related to dietary preferences or economic deciles of food expenditure.

Effects of service stress on the deformation behavior and microstructures of Zn-0.5Mg-0.05Fe alloy from ambient to high temperatures

To overcome challenges in the traditional melt casting process of zine alloys, such as oxidative burnout, compositional segregation, and grain coarsening, this study carried out hot compression deformation tests on Zn-0.5Mg-0.05Fe alloys prepared by powder metallurgy. The results show that increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate reduce rheological stress. The hot compression deformation process exhibits three phases, as rheological stress increases, work hardening, dynamic softening, and steady-state fluidization are observed, respectively. An intrinsic equation for the hot compression process is derived as = 1.334 × 1010 × [sinh(0.0053σ)]7.62947exp(-109.931691/RT). Processing conditions for Zn-0.5Mg-0.05Fe alloy are determined from a processing map, suggesting that a safe zone of 25°C–130 °C deformation temperatures with 0.13s−1-0.36s−1 strain rates, and 120°C–200 °C deformation temperatures with 0.01s−1-0.6s−1 strain rates. Electron Back-scattering Patterns (EBSD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) results show both discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) and continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) during the hot deformation compression process. DRX reduces deformation resistance, refines the grains, and improves the mechanical properties of the alloys. This study provides theoretical insights and process guidance for preparing degradable zinc alloys with excellent mechanical properties.

VIDEO SURVEILLANCE ON THE DRILLING RIG

The article describes a mobile video surveillance system on a drilling rig, which is designed to carry out technological control in high-risk areas at oil and gas producing enterprises. The advantages of this complex, circuit design solutions and functional properties of the device are presented. The field kit is installed directly at the facility in the hazardous area that needs to be monitored. The Polar Eye video surveillance system is designed to meet a number of industrial safety requirements at oil and gas production facilities. Video information from the danger zone is transmitted using the BSPD system, operating in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz frequency range, to the safe zone, where the analytical center for visual and operational control is located.The most important competitive advantages of the complex – low weight, compactness and mobility – were achieved by developing their own layout and circuit design solutions and by implementing most of the nodes on printed circuit boards of their own production.

At Home in the Arctic: The Making of Muslim Lives and Places in the Canadian North

Abstract: How do Muslims make places in arctic surroundings? How do they feel at home where Islamic ritual practices are severely complicated by extreme geographic conditions? This article takes up the case of mosque communities in the Canadian Arctic. The construction of three purpose-built mosques in northern Canada in recent years, with a fourth currently underway, reflects aspirations for rootedness, visibility, and most importantly the desire to feel at home. The mosque thereby fulfills different functions of home. It serves as a community home for gatherings, celebrations, and educational and leisure activities, a spiritual center and safe space for individuals, and a place of interaction with the local population. In exploring these themes, this study also adopts a historical lens, considering the broader context and historiography of Muslim settlement and community-building in the Canadian north. The diversity of individual members of Arctic Muslim communities today raises questions regarding religious authority and the interpretation of Islamic traditions across various ethnicities, generations, genders, and branches of Islam. This article examines religious practice at a communal level and the intricate interplay of local and transnational influences within these highly heterogenous Muslim communities. With a stress on rural and northern lived experience of Muslims, this article addresses a significant gap in the study of Islam in Canada and the Western hemisphere in general. Employing concepts of space and place alongside frameworks from Islamic and religious studies, anthropology, migration studies, and social geography, it expands the geographical scope of the study of Muslims. Empirically, this article draws on extensive mapping efforts utilizing diverse sources such as local news outlets, social media, census data, archival sources, and semi-structured interviews with community members from Yellowknife and Inuvik.