Use Of Safety Equipment Research Articles

Influence of equipment choice and athletic experience on the incidence of kitesurfing injuries - a prospective observational study

BackgroundKitesurfing is a popular activity among recreational athletes in Germany, and the number of athletes is constantly increasing. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of athletic experience and equipment choice on the frequency of kitesurfing injuries in Germany. MethodsSixty-six athletes completed a standardized questionnaire at the beginning and end of a summer season. Baseline parameters, injury patterns and the use of safety equipment were recorded. Injuries were categorized as proposed by Brukner and Khan, and their severity and relationship with the previously mentioned parameters were analyzed. ResultsNineteen of the participants (29%) reported a total of 24 injuries during the season, resulting in 230 hours per injury and 4.3 injuries per 1000 hours of kitesurfing. Eleven bone lesions, 10 skin lesions and 3 ligamentous injuries were observed. Experienced athletes were less frequently injured (p=0.010). The use of a kite release system did not lower the frequency of injuries (p=0.558). ConclusionBoth the frequency and severity of kitesurfing injuries were relatively low in our study. None of the examined materials had an influence on the frequency of injuries, but experienced athletes were less frequently injured.

Aktivitas Pengelolaan Wisata Petualangan Canyoning Berbasis Resiko

Canyoning adventure tourism is a form of nature tourism activity that provides extreme and challenging experiences for tourists. However, the high level of risk in this activity requires a comprehensive risk management approach to ensure the safety and comfort of participants. This study aims to analyze risk-based canyoning tourism management activities in the Canyoning & Caving area, Bogor, Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews with tour managers, canyoning guides, and tourists who have participated in the activity. In addition, direct observations were made of field conditions and facilities provided. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of effective risk management is very important to minimize the potential for accidents and negative impacts on the environment. Some of the main risks identified include unpredictable weather conditions, terrain difficulty, and lack of participant experience. The risk mitigation strategies implemented include intensive training for guides, the use of international standard safety equipment, and the preparation of clear emergency procedures. This study is expected to be a reference for other canyoning tourism managers in developing safe and sustainable adventure tourism in Indonesia.

Optimization the Use of Work Safety Equipment for MV. Oriental Jade Crew Members to Support Zero Accident

Work safety equipment is a tool used in work activities on ships and ship maintenance by crew members, where activities on ships have a high risk of accidents. One of the protection efforts for crew members is to optimize the use of work safety equipment to support zero accidents. The rationale for this research is that all activities on board a ship have potential and dangerous factors that allow work accidents to occur, so it is necessary to identify these potential and dangerous factors. One effort to control risk for crew members is by implementing the use of work safety equipment and implementing safety meetings. This risk control is carried out after controlling the psychology and administration of crew members, so as to create a safe working environment on board the ship. This research was carried out using qualitative methods which provide an overview of the implementation of the use of personal protective equipment. Data collection was based on observations and interviews as well as literature studies and then analyzed using the fishbone method and compared with applicable standards and regulations.

Analisis Keselamatan dan Risiko pada Pekerjaan Pengembangan Kilang Minyak dan Petrokimia dengan Metode JSA

Working at heights poses serious risks, including accidents and fatal injuries.Workers may also experience psychological stress and the physical and mental health impacts due to environmental conditions or psychological pressure. Restricted movement, difficulties in evacuation, and the use of safety equipment are also issues that require the implementation of effective safety measures and adequate training. This research aims to identify hazards through Job Safety Analysis (JSA) using descriptive analytical methods and field observations. The collected data is used as a basis to formulate control measures to prevent accidents or minimize risks. The results of the analysis of those activities serve as safety guidelines/procedures for all work activities.

Spinal cord injury etiology, severity, and care in East Asia: a cross-sectional analysis of the International Spinal Cord Society Database Project.

Cross-sectional study. To evaluate etiologic factors associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) severity and to identify predictive factors of reduction in SCI severity in six countries. SCI centers in Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Data from centers collected between October 2015 and February 2021 were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Among 2634 individuals, the leading cause of SCIs was falls (n = 1410, 54%); most occurred from ≥1 meter (n = 1078). Most single-level neurological injuries occurred in the thoracic region (n = 977, 39%). Greater than half of SCIs (n = 1423, 54%) were graded American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A. Thoracic SCIs accounted for 53% (n = 757) of all one-level AIS A SCIs. The percentage of thoracic SCIs graded AIS A (78%) was significantly higher than high cervical (52%), low cervical (48%), lumbar (24%), and sacral (31%) SCIs (p < 0.001). Regression analyses isolated predictive factors both of SCI severity and inpatient improvement. Four factors predicted severity: age, neurological level, etiology, and country of residence. Four factors predicted improvement: age, neurological level, AIS grade on intake, and country of residence. Findings can be used by healthcare providers and public health agencies in these countries to inform the public of the risk of SCI due to falls. Future studies should examine the social and occupational milieux of falls. Country-to-country comparisons of prehospital and inpatient care are also justified. Fall prevention policies can encourage the use of safety equipment when performing tasks at heights ≥1 meter.

Climate change: A pointer to increased small-scale fisher drowning deaths.

Drowning is an overlooked public health concern and drowning risk is dependent on environmental risk factors. The preponderance of drowning deaths occurs in low- and middle-income countries. Small-scale fishers face high occupational risk of drowning. Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of storms, thereby exacerbating fishers' risks and creating a need to examine the contribution of storms to fisher drowning deaths for the development of mitigation strategies. We examined this relationship between weather and fisher drowning deaths in Lake Victoria, which is Africa's largest lake, a site of high fishing pressure, and where climate change is predicted to increase thunderstorms. We conducted a verbal autopsy with people knowledgeable about recent fatal fisher drowning incidents to collect information about the deceased fishers and circumstances surrounding the incidents across 43 landing sites in the Kenyan shore of Lake Victoria. Semi-structured interviews with stakeholders also elucidated community perspectives on drowning risks. Fatal drownings were often attributed to bad weather (41.8%). Other risk factors, such as non-use of life jacket and navigation equipment, co-occurred with bad weather at high rates (69.5% and 67.8%, respectively) to jointly contribute to fatal drowning incidents. Such co-occurrence of risk factors indicates that actions across multiple risk factors can help mitigate the issue. Stakeholder analysis revealed a range of opportunities for improved communication of risks and action to mitigate risks across boat operators and manufacturers, as well as multiple levels of management. Across global small-scale fisheries, limited use of safety equipment and intensive fishing pressure may coincide with increases in extreme weather events, necessitating action to address current and mitigate future drowning risks to small-scale fishers.

Did safety-engineered device implementation contribute to reducing the risk of needlestick and sharps injuries? Retrospective investigation of 20 years of observation in a specialist tertiary referral hospital.

In Poland, there are numerous cases of injuries caused by sharp instruments annually, still significantly more than in other European Union countries. The aim of this study was to analyze work-related injuries among healthcare workers in a selected hospital before and after the implementation of safety-engineered devices (SED). Retrospective analysis of medical documentation regarding occupational needlestick and sharps injuries (NSSI) in a tertiary referral surgical hospital in 1998-2018. The study group consisted of nurses and doctors who had been injured and reported the incident. The frequency of injury reports, injury rate, and characterization of circumstances surrounding NSSI are presented. Over the period of 20 years, a total of 257 NSSI incidents were reported. The average injury rate was statistically significant for nurses (p = 0.004) and was higher before the introduction of SED. Moreover, the number of injuries among nurses showed a downward trend during the study period. However, for doctors, there was no statistically significant difference in the median puncture rate (p = 0.099), and the number of injuries showed an increasing trend. In this study, the authors' have demonstrated not only the occurrence of injuries and punctures in the daily work of medical personnel but also the potential for their reduction through the use of safety equipment at every workstation where healthcare services are provided using sharp medical instruments. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(2):234-43.

Pencegahan Risiko Kecelakaan dan Kepatuhan Peraturan Keselamatan Kapal Pelayaran Internasional

The purpose of the research is to find out the direct and indirect impact of the crew’s personal experience and safety training on preventing the accidental risk in compliance with shipping safety regulation of Abu Dhabi Maridive and Oil Services. Several problems found; the lack of ships’ crew awareness in compliance with the use of safety equipment when carrying out safety training and the lack of ships’ crew knowledge of the safe keeping and maintenance of the safety equipment. The study used a Path analysis with 60 samples of the Maridive and Oil Services Abu Dhabi crew. The study used linear regression analysis technique, simple correlation, partial and path analysis. The results state that the variable in compliance with safety regulations could mediate the safety training to prevent the accidental risk on board. It shows that good safety training could increase the prevention of on board accidental risk mediated by compliance of the safety regulation

Variation in traffic injury settings—same implication of hospital and police-based traffic injury data?

IntroductionInjury and death from traffic incidents are still a major global concern and are associated with significant costs. Traffic incidents are preventable, but this requires planning based on accurate and complete injury data, otherwise efforts bypass targets. ObjectivesThe objective was to compare the agreement between hospital and police records for parameters independently recorded by both datasets and to report the most frequent traffic incident setting reported by either dataset. MethodsWe analyzed routinely collected hospital records from Odense University Hospital, Denmark, for traffic injuries from 2015 to 2021. These include patient demographics and incident-related data (time and place of incident, road users involved, and collision mode) for all patients involved in traffic incidents. These injuries were then linked with police records from Funen Police District, which covers the same geographical area of the island Funen, Denmark. ResultsIn total, 21,562 road users were injured and subsequently treated at the hospital, and 5176 (24.0%) of these suffered from severe injury.The agreement between hospital and police records was for means of transport (passenger car/bicycle/moped/pedestrian/motorcycle) 93.9% [95% confidence interval: 93.0%, 94.9%], role (driver/passenger/pedestrian) 97.7% [97.1%, 98.3%], and use of seat belt/helmet 76.9% [75.2%, 78.6%]. The accuracy of police severity classification was 50.5% [47.0%, 54.0%], and the completeness of police-reported severe incidents was just 15.1% [14.1%, 16.0%] compared with hospital records.The top-5 hospital-reported severe traffic incident setting was an injured cyclist with no counterpart on a city road (n = 1130), and 4 of 5 in this top-5 involved an injured cyclist.The top-5 police-reported severe traffic incident setting was an injured cyclist with a passenger car counterpart on a city road (n = 116), and the remaining 4 in this top-5 involved an injured passenger car driver. Only one setting overlapped between hospital- and police-reported top-5 severe injury scenarios. ConclusionThis study showed an extraordinarily high agreement between parameters independently recorded by hospital and police records, but police records misclassify severity and is not a reliable source for severe injuries.Thus, road safety policies may not have the intended effect if preventive efforts are based solely on police-reported severe injuries. With the documented agreement on means of transport, role, and use of safety equipment we suggest that planning of preventive efforts is based on hospital records in areas where registration practices are sufficiently thorough supplemented by police data.

ANALYSIS OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN BUILDING WORKERS OF SMAN 5 BRAWIJAYA BUILDING KEDIRI

Construction projects are a job sector that has level risks and work accident , this is caused consequence low awareness to application Occupational Safety and Health (K3) and in accordance with the regulations applicable legislation. Often application of K3 to a construction project considered only as a cost expense , not as an investment to prevent happen work accidents but can give level loss of the construction project. Kediri is city biggest third in East Java province after Surabaya and Malang according to population . Kediri City is city the oldest in East Java. SMAN 5 Taruna Brawijaya Kediri, East Java was built with the aim of support teaching and learning activities. Results of the analysis it can be categorized Work accidents among construction workers at SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri : Indiscipline workforce , Do not have standardization of good and clear K3 implementation, Refuse recommendation use of personal safety equipment , No evaluation system regarding the implementation of work in implementing K3, and unclear division of tasks in formation organization so it is not clear how to implement it.

Home safety hazards associated with unintentional poisoning among children aged 0-5 years in Mongolia: A case-control study.

To examine the association between home safety hazards and unintentional poisoning in children in Mongolia. We conducted a case-control study using structured questionnaires to investigate safety behaviours, safety equipment use, and home hazards in households with or without children aged 0-5 years who had suffered from poisoning at home (i.e., cases and controls). We recruited 190 cases (105 medicinal and 84 non-medicinal poisonings, and one each) at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health and 379 controls in the communities between 1 March and 30 October 2021. There were large differences between cases' and controls' households in safety behaviours and home hazards: the failure to store all medicines out of reach of children (68% of cases vs. 25% of controls), the failure to store all medicines safely (out of reach, locked or non-existent) (61% vs. 22%), the failure to put all medicines away immediately after use (77% vs. 43%), the presence of things that a child could climb on to reach high surfaces (82% vs. 67%), the presence of medicines transferred into different containers (28% vs. 9%) and the presence of household products transferred into different containers (28% vs. 16%). These home safety hazards were strongly associated with poisoning after controlling for confounders. Children's risk of unintentional poisoning was strongly associated with the unsafe storage of potentially poisonous agents by caregivers and home hazards. Since unsafe storage is widespread, a fail-safe approach such as child-resistant closure of medicines and household products should be considered.

Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on the United States Construction Industry: Challenges and Opportunities

The construction industry is one of the leading industries in the economy of any country. However, the industry is vulnerable to changes and uncertainties, either external or internal, due to its fragmented and dynamic nature. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which first emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, is considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 has quickly spread all over the world resulting in significant social and economic consequences. The main objective of the study is to determine the challenges and opportunities due to the pandemic in the construction industry and to categorize them. Through a review of the existing literature and interviews with construction experts, the challenges and opportunities arising from the COVID-19 pandemic were listed. A questionnaire survey was designed to evaluate them. The principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to group the identified challenges and opportunities. PCA was conducted with SPSS Version 25.0 software. The most critical challenges of the pandemic were determined as &#x201C;the requirement of COVID-19 protocols,&#x201D; &#x201C;restriction on movement and travel,&#x201D; &#x201C;additional safety equipment use,&#x201D; where the most important opportunities were found as &#x201C;hygiene programs,&#x201D; &#x201C;use of technological tools effectively,&#x201D; and &#x201C;BIM-enabled construction.&#x201D; The research contributes to the body of knowledge in terms of making construction practitioners beware of the main challenges and opportunities along with leading them to act toward change and uncertainty. This study further provides general guidelines and implications for practitioners and policymakers in case of similar outbreaks.

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Measures in the Construction Industry in Somaliland

Purpose. The success of construction projects heavily depends on the occupational health and safety (OHS) of the workers. In Somaliland, however, this is not given much consideration. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the factors affecting the implementation of OHS measures on building construction projects (BCPs) in Somaliland. Design/Methodology/Approach. A cross‐sectional research design was employed and 80 questionnaires were distributed to the intended respondents as part of the descriptive survey study, which used a census to determine that the total population was equal to the accessible population. Additionally, data were gathered through observations and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency analysis and relative importance index, while qualitative data from interviews and observation were explored through narrative analysis. Findings. The majority of the construction industries do not use Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series 45001 to increase safety performance since the relevant laws are not enforced. The study also found that the construction companies did not consider the factors influencing the implementation of OHS: unavailability of personal protective equipment, lack of local guidelines on the standard procedure of OHS, limited expertise, and insufficient historical data availability are the main challenges on the implementation of OHS measures on BCPs in Somaliland. Originality/Value. The study concludes that the implementation of the current stage of OHS in construction industries in Somaliland is 2.5%, which shows very poor and the safety management system was not developed; there were challenging factors to implement this OHS in construction industries in Somaliland. The researchers make several recommendations, including increased OHS awareness, training and retraining of construction employees on OHS, and enforcing the use of protective safety wear and equipment on building sites.

ANALYSIS OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN BUILDING WORKERS AT SMAN 5 BRAWIJAYA KEDIRI

Construction projects are a job sector that has level risks and work accident, this is caused consequence low awareness to application Occupational Safety and Health (K3) and in accordance with the regulations applicable legislation. Often application of K3 to a construction project considered only as a cost expense, not as an investment to prevent happen work accidents but can give level loss of the construction project. Kediri is city biggest third in East Java province after Surabaya and Malang according to population. Kediri City is city the oldest in East Java. SMAN 5 Taruna Brawijaya Kediri, East Java was built with the aim of support teaching and learning activities. Results of the analysis it can be categorized Work accidents among construction workers at SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri. Indiscipline workforce , Do not have standardization of good and clear K3 implementation, Refuse recommendation use of personal safety equipment , No evaluation system regarding the implementation of work in implementing K3, and unclear division of tasks in formation organization so it is not clear how to implement it .

Addressing certain issues of administrative and legal regulation of liability for violation of legal requirements for the safety of vehicle operation in Ukraine

Unfortunately, the state of law and order on the roads of Ukraine is extremely disappointing, and the sad statistics of road accidents and people injured in them are quite convincing. It is clear that this situation is not normal and poses a threat to individuals, including Ukrainian citizens, as well as to the public and state interests in general. The urgency and importance of road safety issues is emphasised by both academics and the official authorities, who have a strategic vision of the key issues in this area and ways to address them. However, despite this, no significant positive results have been achieved so far.&#x0D; There are many problems that prevent effective road safety, not least of which is the large number of gaps and shortcomings in the current legislation that need to be addressed. Particular attention should be paid to improving administrative liability for violations of vehicle operation rules by drivers and passengers. The relevance of these particular aspects of road safety is due to the fact that the use of vehicles with technical malfunctions, converted in violation of the requirements established by law, causes a significant number of road accidents, and violation of the rules for the use of passive safety equipment (in particular, seat belts) leads to an increase in the number of people injured in road accidents, as evidenced by the statistics provided by the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine&#x0D; In view of the above, the article proposes some steps to improve administrative liability under Article 121 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences. Obviously, improvement of the road traffic safety regime requires improvement of various preventive measures, which are undoubtedly of a priority nature, but legal liability, which is an important tool for maintaining the rule of law in this area, cannot be neglected. Expanding the scope of liability for drivers who operate vehicles with technical problems and whose use is prohibited by law, as well as imposing sanctions for improper use of seat belts not only on drivers but also on passengers, should, in our opinion, have a positive impact on the state of lawfulness in the field of vehicle safety and, as a result, on the dynamics of road accidents and the number of people injured in them.

Analyzing Near-Miss Incidents and Risky Riding Behavior in Thailand: A Comparative Study of Urban and Rural Areas

Preventing near-miss incidents is considered a proactive measure, as it aims to prevent events that have a risk of resulting in accidents. This is regarded as a vital component of building a sustainable and secure society within communities. In the present day, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often experience the highest fatality rates from motorcycle accidents, which frequently involve mixed traffic scenarios with other vehicles. The distinct physical characteristics and environmental conditions of roads in urban and rural areas significantly contribute to different riding behaviors. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a behavioral model related to near-miss incidents among motorcycle riders in both urban and rural regions using multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM). Data collected from six Thai regions via adapted MRBQ assessed control errors, violations, and safety equipment use in a sample of 2002 riders (1066 urban, 936 rural). Through parameter invariance testing, differences in factor loadings, intercepts, and structural paths were identified between urban and rural areas. All three of these factors significantly influenced near-miss incidents among motorcycle riders in both urban and rural areas. The policy recommendations resulting from this study can contribute to enhancing safety measures for motorcycle riders.

Proactive Approach to Measure Safety Management on Building Projects in Saudi Arabia

Safety management is important throughout the world specifically on building projects, which are prone to accidents due to their unique operations, dynamic and ever-changing nature. In every country, contractors implement safety management systems (SMSs) to avoid accidents and comply with applicable laws, regulations and to provide safe work environments for their workers. Nonetheless, accidents still happen on many building projects in the country. The objective of this work is to measure safety management as perceived on building projects by employing a proactive approach in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to improve site safety. A survey instrument is utilized to gather data from building projects. Another questionnaire is used to conduct interviews with the key managers on the same projects. Analysis of the questionnaire survey is performed after entering the data into SPSS software by applying factor analysis and multiple linear regression. Factor analysis extracted two significant factors, including “management commitment, employee involvement, and safety training”—factor 1, and “project safety plan, safety committee, and safe use of equipment”—factor 2, which proactively measure the implementation of safety management on the building projects. The safety model obtained by multiple regression analysis identifies two significant contributors to the performance of the SMS. Analysis of the interviews complemented and validated the results of the questionnaire survey. The findings provide in-depth understanding of proactively measuring safety management on building projects for the construction industry practitioners to make project sites safer.

Forensic and forensic aspects of childhood traumatism as a result of domestic injuries and traffic accidents: A review

Childhood injuries are a major cause of death and disability worldwide, particularly in low-, and middle-income countries. Recent data showed that about 5 million children die from injuries per year. About 1 million children under 18 years old die of injury and more than 2000 children die per day, of which child injuries account for 5.4% (265 000348 000) of child deaths annually worldwide. A detailed analysis of the epidemiology of childhood injuries can provide possible insights into their prevention and early intervention to reduce future disability due to childhood injuries.&#x0D; In this review, the specificity of childhood body injuries in accidents and road traffic accidents and their qualitative differences from adult injuries were investigated, and current techniques for the detection, fixation, and recovery of childhood body trauma were reviewed through forensic investigation.&#x0D; A literature search was conducted in the Pubmed, Scopus, Ebscohost, Medline, The Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, Web of Knowledge, Paragraph Medicine, and ScienceDirect databases to identify published studies for the last 20 years: from 1993 to 2023. Inclusion criteria were reports of randomized and cohort studies conducted on large populations, meta-analyses and systematic reviews, and articles in English, and Russian. Exclusion criteria were articles describing single cases and case series, published earlier than 1993, materials with no evidence base, abstracts of reports, abstracts, and newspaper articles. Out of 56 literature sources, 44 were selected as an analytical material for this article.&#x0D; The literature review demonstrated that the absolute number of major childhood injuries has not declined over the past decade. Road traffic crashes remain the leading cause of injury and death in children. Adolescents are at greatest risk of serious injuries. Appropriate use of child restraints and safety equipment remains a key factor of the prevention. The adaptation of the urban environment is also a promising approach to child injury prevention among pedestrians and cyclists. As the social environment is a strong determinant of collisions, new road safety interventions must be implemented and evaluated with equity in mind to ensure safe roads for all.

Direct Care Nurses' Needlestick Injury Experiences: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Even when education and the use of safety equipment are emphasized, nurses frequently experience needlestick injuries. Understanding the risk situations and coping mechanisms for needlestick injuries experienced by nurses facilitates their prevention. We aimed to explore and describe the phenomenon of needlestick injuries through the research questions: (1) What causes nurses to suffer from needlestick injuries? (2) How to cope after a needlestick injury? and (3) What are the recommendations for needlestick injury prevention? This qualitative descriptive study involved focus group interviews with 31 direct care nurses in 6 groups who had experienced needlestick injuries while working in different acute care hospitals across 3 regions in South Korea. Data were collected from January 29 to March 29, 2022, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The average age of the participating nurses was 29.7 years. The following 3 themes were identified: various needlestick injury experiences, post-needlestick injury coping, and expectations regarding needlestick injuries. Risk situations and coping mechanisms of nurses who experienced needlestick injuries were diverse. Emergency situations and novice nurses were the causes of most of the needlestick injuries. Often, personal protective equipment was found cumbersome. Reporting needlestick injuries depended on the work environment.

The Use of Health and Safety Equipment in the Emerald Mines of Swat Valley, Pakistan A Cross-Tabular Descriptive Analysis of Miners’ Views

This study is about the non-use of health and safety equipment in the emerald mines of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The paper draws on the findings of a survey of 300 miners working in the active emerald mines of Swat Valley. The survey was conducted to develop descriptive statistical data about various aspects of miners’ work. However, this paper descriptively presents the findings about the non-use of health and safety equipment in the mines. We sampled 300 gemstone miners from Swat Valley through a convenient sampling technique. The study finds that miners only use protective shoes, hard hats, and, occasionally, hearing conservation. They never use reusable respirators, half-facepiece respirators, full-facepiece respirators, air respirators, push-to-fit earplugs, reusable earplugs, earmuffs, and protective eyewear, thus making them vulnerable to injuries and casualties. Similarly, miners rarely use filter facepiece respirators, disposable respirators, power air-purifying respirators, foam earplugs, and reflective materials as limited to one of a hundred individuals. The use of modern protective equipment could only be ensured if the government takes strict action for the implementation of state policies about mining and by extending financial support and provision of safety equipment at the doorstep of miners.