Safe Time Research Articles

INOVASI PELAYANAN “HALO PEMUSTAKA” PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DINAS PERPUSTAKAAN DAN KEARSIPAN KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN

The service innovation "Halo Pemustaka" is a free pick-up and borrowing service organized by the Pamekasan Regency Library and Archives Service. This study aims to find out how the service innovation "Halo Pemustaka" is implemented to the community. The indicators used are service innovations, namely, saving time, increasing productivity, increasing efficiency, creating convenience and reducing risk. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques using documentation, observation, and interviews. Analyzing the data is based on three steps, namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results of this study are considered good based on the following indicator aspects: (a) Save time, users can borrow books from home, (b) Increase productivity, service innovation "Halo Pemustaka is declared productive as seen from the enthusiasm of users who increase every month, (c) Increase Efficiency, User saves more energy and transportation costs, (d) Improves convenience, access to service innovation applications "Halo Pemustaka is considered easy and fast, (e) Reduces risk, service innovation "Halo Pemustaka" provides solutions to reduce the risk of corona virus transmission. The "Halo Pemustaka" service innovation carried out by the government through the Pamekasan Regency Library and Archives Service during the Covid-19 pandemic was considered good enough for users but still needs to be improved from every existing service indicator to be even better in the future.

Financial literacy and the timing of tax-preferred savings account withdrawals

Tax deductions on contributions to registered savings vehicles are a common policy tool used by governments in many industrialized countries to encourage people to save for retirement. However, these plans do not typically lock in funds, which means savers may also withdraw before retirement when their marginal tax rates are still high and forgo the tax benefit. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which pre-retirement savings withdrawals respond to changes in the net-of-tax benefit of withdrawing and whether such behavior depends on the saver’s financial literacy. To that end, we link respondents of a nationally representative financial capability survey from Canada to over 15 years of administrative tax data. Our results show that the correlation between savings withdrawals and the effective marginal tax rate is negative for those with higher financial literacy, but much weaker and sometimes statistically insignificant for those with lower financial literacy. The findings suggest that financial literacy is an important determinant of the extent to which tax-deductible savings plans are used efficiently.

Growth kinetics and quantification of carbohydrate, protein, lipids, and chlorophyll of Spirulina platensis under aqueous conditions using different carbon and nitrogen sources

This study evaluated different carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth and production of carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and chlorophyll of Spirulina platensis LEB-52 through an easy successive methodology under aqueous conditions. Spirulina platensis was cultivated at 120 rpm and light intensity of 156 µmol m−2 s−1 in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask with a working volume of 250 mL, using Zarrouk’s medium. The biomass, carbohydrate, and protein production together with the specific growth rate did not show a significant difference between NaHCO3 and Na2CO3. The salts of urea and ammonium are not an alternative nitrogen sources of low cost for Spirulina platensis cultivation. From the experimental results obtained in this study, a successful estimate of carbohydrate, protein, lipids, and chlorophyll content inside Spirulina platensis was achieved without use advanced analytical techniques, allowing saves resources and time. This method can be extrapolated to other microorganisms and cultivation regimens.

CUSTOMERS’ ASSESSMENT ON E-BANKING SERVICE QUALITY IN BANGLADESH: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES

This paper attempts to investigate to understand customers’ evaluation regarding service quality of e-banking in Bangladesh. It also examines the major challenges and required strategies for promoting e-banking. To conduct the study, a total number of 205 respondents were taken as sample from Chittagong region by using simple judgmental sampling technique. A face-to-face interview method was followed by using a structured questionnaire to collect the data. Five points Likert scale was used to examine the customers’ evaluation on the service quality and through statistical measures it analyze the problem. Garret’s ranking technique was applied to rank the qualitative data for analyzing challenges and required strategies of e-banking. The study reveals that from the customers’ assessment, e-banking saves time and hazard, facilitates quick and easier access to information, speedy transaction, receiving service easily, ensures accuracy, effectiveness and security, provides versatile service, anytime, anywhere banking facility. The study also found that technological disturbance, insufficient infrastructure, unavailability of service in rural areas, high service charge are the major challenges of e-banking service in Bangladesh. The customers suggests to develop infrastructure, upgrade technology, increase security measure, enhance promotion for developing customers’ awareness, introduce innovative initiative of Bangladesh bank, extend service across the country etc.

Abstract 12127: The Effect of Daylight Savings Time Transitions on the Incidence of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis

Introduction: Many studies have reported increases in the risk of acute cardiovascular events following daylight savings time (DST) transitions. We sought to investigate the effect of DST transitions on the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Victoria, Australia. Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2020, we performed an interrupted time series analysis of the daily number of OHCA cases of medical etiology from the Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry. The effect of DST transition on OHCA incidence was estimated using negative binomial models and reported as either ‘immediate’ or ‘cumulative’ effects. Immediate effects were the average effects observed on the day of DST transition or each of the 6 days after DST transition. Cumulative effects were the sum of the average effects up to 6 days after the day of DST transition. Models were adjusted for population growth, temporal trends, and public holidays. Results: A total of 89,409 adult OHCA of medical etiology were included. Following the spring DST transition (i.e. shorter day), there was an immediate 13% (IRR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.25; p=0.02) increased risk of OHCA on the day of transition (Sunday) and the cumulative risk of OHCA remained higher over the first 2 days (IRR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.34; p=0.03) compared to non-transitional days. Following the autumn (fall) DST transition (i.e. longer day), there was a significant lagged effect on the Tuesday following transition, with a 12% (IRR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.99; p=0.04) reduced risk of OHCA. The autumn (fall) DST transition also showed a cumulative effect on OHCA incidence, with a 30% (IRR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.96; p=0.03) reduction in the incidence of OHCA by the end of the transitional week. Subgroups aged > 65 years and cases with initial non-shockable rhythms were most vulnerable to DST transitions. Conclusions: This study showed that there is a modest increased risk of OHCA in the 2 days following the spring DST transition and a decreased risk of OHCA in the week following the autumn DST transition. These findings should promote further research exploring strategies to reduce the risk of OHCA in vulnerable populations.

Investigation of Time to Line Placement and Treatment Initiation in Pediatric Oncology Patients Utilizing a Pediatric Vascular Access Team

Background:Once diagnosis of malignancy is made in pediatric patients, it can be important to initiate therapy to prevent delay in benefits derived from treatment. In certain diagnoses, prompt initiation of chemotherapy can help reduce complications such as hyperleukocytosis, mass effect from solid tumors, and spread of malignancy. These patients require provision of central vascular access in order to begin treatment. In children's hospitals patients often receive central venous catheters in the operating room under general anesthesia. However, this requires scheduling for the operating room, availability of pediatric surgeons, appropriate anesthesia consent and examination ahead of time for safety of proceeding. The benefit of having a pediatric vascular access team (PVAT) is that these providers are flexible with their availability, the time required to place the lines is often less and it eliminates the need for general anesthesia as well as the cost of the operating room. The aim of this study was to compare vascular access provision by a designated pediatric vascular access team with surgical placement of central venous access in pediatric oncology patients.Methods:This was an IRB-approved retrospective medical record review of subjects diagnosed with an oncologic malignancy with inclusion criteria: ages 0-21 years of age, treatment for pediatric malignancy at the University of Maryland Children's Hospital between 1/1/2017-12/31/2019. We performed bivariate analyses comparing variables between patients who had line placement by PVAT vs surgical placement. Analyses was performed using SAS 9.4.Results:We identified 69 patients who met inclusion criteria with 39% (n=27) having undergone line placement by PVAT. Surgical placement occurred for 55% (n=38), with interventional radiology (IR) or other placement making up the remainder 6% of patients (n=4). The mean age was noted to be younger in the surgical group (8.6 +/- 6 years) in comparison to the PVAT group (13+/-6.3 years), p=0.0061. The mean time from consult to line placement was 10 (+/-9) hours in the PVAT group vs 76 (+/-56) hours in the surgery group (p<0.0001). There was a statistically significant difference in procedure duration, with PVAT placement requiring less time (27+/-12 minutes) vs surgical placement (48+/-19 minutes), p=0.0005. There were no statistically significant differences among groups in race, sex, time-to-initiation of treatment after line placement, or complications. There was a small difference in mean number of attempts, with surgical requiring 1 (+/-0) vs. PVAT 1.2 (+/-0.4) attempts. Compared to complications of surgical line placement, the complications experienced by our PVAT team were largely related to need for revision of line placement, although not frequent enough to be statistically significant.Conclusion:Data show that having a PVAT for central line insertions demonstrates good safety profiles, successful insertion and low complication rates. PVAT has also increased the efficiency of vascular access at large academic institutions. The presence of vascular access teams allows for initiation of therapy in a timely fashion and allows central line placement under anesthesia to occur at a safer time. At our institution, having a PVAT in house has allowed for more efficient line placements, shorter time to provision of access and transition to placement of surgical lines when more stable. This allows for not only patients to receive care faster, but also to have lines placed in shorter times while optimizing patient safety.1.Schultz TR, Durning S, Niewinski M, Frey AM. A multidisciplinary approach to vascular access in children. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2006;11(4):254-256. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6155.2006.00078. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Acute Myocardial Infarction and Daylight Saving Time Transitions: Is There a Risk?

Available evidence on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the days after the spring daylight saving time (DST) transition suggests either a modest increase or no risk increase. Partial sleep deprivation and enhanced circadian clock misalignment have been implicated as the underlying mechanisms for increased AMI risk, probably via enhanced thrombo-inflammatory processes and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Most of the studies, as we suggest as a perspective here, have used potentially inappropriate control periods, including the two post-transitional weeks, because adjustment after the spring DST transition lasts at least four weeks for all chronotypes and probably even beyond this period for late chronotypes. The most plausible conclusions, at the moment, for the risk of AMI after the spring DST transition are: (1) the risk is increased, (2) a relatively modest risk increase could be currently underestimated or in some studies undetected, (3) late chronotypes and/or individuals with high levels of social jetlag (a proxy for circadian clock misalignment) could be more affected by the phenomenon, and (4) underlying pathophysiological mechanisms should be further explored. As a significant part of world’s population continues to be affected by the biannual clock change, the question of increased AMI risk in the post-transitional period remains an intriguing public health issue.

A Ruffled Mind Makes a Restless Forecast: The Effect of Rest on Analyst Forecast Accuracy

This paper tests whether increased rest during holidays improves judgment tasks. We find that earnings forecasts issued after holidays are, on average, more accurate than those issued before holidays. Analyst post-holiday forecast revisions further translate to an average of 0.95\% in excess returns in the three-day period following a holiday. This impact is comparable to other determinants of analyst accuracy and is robust to alternative measures and explanations. We use analysts' location as a proxy for their average bedtime and Daylight Saving Time changes as an instrument for the rest channel and show that enhancement in sleep time leads to more accurate forecasts. Overall, we contribute to the literature by linking rest to financial decision-making.

‘The Waste of Daylight’: Rhythmicity, Workers’ Health and Britain’s Edwardian Daylight Saving Time Bills

SummaryThis article explores an interesting episode in the history of time, health, and modernity: Britain’s 1908 and 1909 Daylight Saving Time (DST) Bills. While the original DST scheme was unsuccessful, the discussions surrounding its implementation reveal tensions central to early twentieth century modernity, namely between industrial time and ‘natural’ bodily rhythms. This article argues that DST was essentially a public health measure aimed at improving the conditions of indoor workers like shop girls and clerks through government regulation of the private time of the labouring classes. Drawing on the extensive evidence provided to two House of Commons Special Committees, this article reveals how DST debates drew together contemporary discussions around sunlight therapy, night work, and the importance of regular sleeping and eating to tackle Britain's endemic urban diseases like consumption and anaemia. I suggest that the idea of bodily rhythms was increasingly important in medical thinking in this period and that the study of rhythmicity points to the potential for incorporating temporality as an analytical category in medical history.

Daylight savings time transitions and risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An interrupted time series analysis

BackgroundMany studies have reported increases in the risk of acute cardiovascular events following daylight savings time (DST) transitions. We sought to investigate the effect of DST transition on the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). MethodsBetween January 2000 and December 2020, we performed an interrupted time series analysis of the daily number of OHCA cases of medical aetiology from the Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry. The effect of DST transition on OHCA incidence was estimated using negative binomial models, adjusted for temporal trends, population growth, and public holidays. ResultsA total of 89,409 adult OHCA of medical aetiology were included. Following the spring DST transition (i.e. shorter day), there was an immediate 13% (IRR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.25; p = 0.02) increased risk of OHCA on the day of transition (Sunday) and the cumulative risk of OHCA remained higher over the first 2 days (IRR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.34; p = 0.03) compared to non-transitional days. Following the autumn DST transition (i.e. longer day), there was a significant lagged effect on the Tuesday with a 12% (IRR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.99; p = 0.04) reduced risk of OHCA. The cumulative effect following the autumn DST transition was also significant, with a 30% (IRR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.96; p = 0.03) reduction in the incidence of OHCA by the end of the transitional week. ConclusionWe observed both harmful and protective effects from DST transitions on the risk of OHCA. Strategies to reduce this risk in vulnerable populations should be considered.

The sleep loss insult of Spring Daylight Savings in the US is observable in Twitter activity

Sleep loss has been linked to heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and an increase in accidents, all of which are among the leading causes of death in the United States. Population-scale sleep studies have the potential to advance public health by helping to identify at-risk populations, changes in collective sleep patterns, and to inform policy change. Prior research suggests other kinds of health indicators such as depression and obesity can be estimated using social media activity. However, the inability to effectively measure collective sleep with publicly available data has limited large-scale academic studies. Here, we investigate the passive estimation of sleep loss through a proxy analysis of Twitter activity profiles. We use “Spring Forward” events, which occur at the beginning of Daylight Savings Time in the United States, as a natural experimental condition to estimate spatial differences in sleep loss across the United States. On average, peak Twitter activity occurs 15 to 30 min later on the Sunday following Spring Forward. By Monday morning however, activity curves are realigned with the week before, suggesting that the window of sleep opportunity is compressed in Twitter data, revealing Spring Forward behavioral change.

Application of a Cloud Video Conference Method for Recruiting Healthy Subjects Into an Early-Phase Clinical Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: Our objective is to explore the effect of applying cloud video conferencing methods to the informed consent process in an early-phase clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: All participants who intended to participate in the trial were informed via a cloud video conference before signing the informed consent forms (ICF). Then, the attitudes of the participants with the cloud video conference and their understanding of the trial were evaluated using a questionnaire when they visited to sign the ICF onsite.Results: A total of 165 subjects participated in the cloud video conference process, and 142 visited the site to sign and date the ICFs at the center during the appointment time. The survey showed that nearly 100% of the subjects evaluated the video-based informed consent process as very good or good and gave correct answers to questions about the trial. Furthermore, 136 (95.8%) subjects believed that the knowledge about the trial derived via the video-based informed consent process was consistent with the onsite reality, and 139 (97.9%) subjects expressed their willingness to participate in an informed consent procedure undertaken through an online video conference.Conclusions: The video-based informed consent process achieved the same effects as an onsite informed consent process. The former saves time and cost of transportation for the subject and exhibits good public acceptance; especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, this process is conducive for reducing the risk of subject infection due to travel and would also help avoid crowding on site.

Daylight Saving Time policy and energy consumption

Daylight Saving Time is argued to be effective in saving energy. Turkey is one of the few countries that annulled the clock changes and remained in the summertime zone in 2016. Therefore, the country provides a unique natural experiment to test and confirm this policy change. This paper studies the impact of clock changes on electric energy consumption and load shift. We use historical electrical energy consumption, electricity prices, and relevant atmospheric essential climate variables data in Turkey between 2012–2020. We adopt Multiple Linear Regression, Difference in Differences and Interrupted Time Series methodologies to analyse the historical data. This paper shows that the Daylight Saving Time policy does not lead to a measurable amount of electrical energy savings. Furthermore, it does not cause a noticeable continuous daily load shift throughout the year. We also claim that our findings should apply to countries such as the United States, India, Japan, Australia or China, and continents of Africa and South America, whose latitudes are between 42.0° north and south of the equator.

Stacking fabric saves time during atomic layer deposition

Coating fabric stacks instead of single fibers covers more area per batch while preparing fibers to embed in ceramic matrix composites.

Measuring Social Jetlag in Twitter Data

Social constraints have replaced the natural cycle of light and darkness as the main determinant of wake-up and activity times for many people. In this paper we show how Twitter activity can be used as a source of large-scale, naturally occurring data for the study of circadian rhythm in humans. Our year-long initial study is based on almost 1.5 million observations by over 200,000 users. The progression of the onset of Twitter activity times on free days in the course of the year is consistent with previous survey-based research on wake times. We show that the difference in wake-up time (implicating lack of sleep) on weekdays compared to Sundays is between 1 hour and over 2 hours depending on the time of year. The data also supports the assertion that Daylight Saving Time greatly disrupts the easing of social jetlag in the Spring transition.

Reading Tapes Backwards: A Legitimate Approach to Saving Time and Money in Digitization Projects?

Audio carriers are subject to a fast and irreversible decay. In order to save valuable historical recordings, the audio signal and other relevant information can be extracted from the source audio document and stored on another medium, normally a redundant digital storage system. This procedure is called ’content transfer’. It is a costly and time-consuming procedure. There are several solutions with which the cost can be reduced. One consists of picking up all tracks from a two-sided tape in one pass. This means that some tracks will be digitized forward and some backwards, to be subsequently corrected in the digital workstation. This article is concerned with the question of whether reading tracks backwards introduces unwanted effects into the signal. In particular, it investigates whether a difference can be observed between audio signals read forward or backwards and, if so, whether the difference is measurable. The results show that a difference can be observed, yet this is not enough to conclude that this “backwards” approach should not be used. The complexity of the situation is presented in the discussion. Future work includes reproducing this experiment with different audio equipment, as well as a perception test with human subjects.

Genomic heterogeneity affects the response to Daylight Saving Time

Circadian clocks control the timing of many physiological events in the 24-h day. When individuals undergo an abrupt external shift (e.g., change in work schedule or travel across multiple time zones), circadian clocks become misaligned with the new time and may take several days to adjust. Chronic circadian misalignment, e.g., as a result of shift work, has been shown to lead to several physical and mental health problems. Despite the serious health implications of circadian misalignment, relatively little is known about how genetic variation affects an individual’s ability to entrain to abrupt external changes. Accordingly, we used the one-hour advance from the onset of daylight saving time (DST) as a natural experiment to comprehensively study how individual heterogeneity affects the shift of sleep/wake cycles in response to an abrupt external time change. We found that individuals genetically predisposed to a morning tendency adjusted to the advance in a few days, while genetically predisposed evening-inclined individuals had not shifted. Observing differential effects by genetic disposition after a one-hour advance underscores the importance of heterogeneity in adaptation to external schedule shifts. These genetic differences may affect how individuals adjust to jet lag or shift work as well.

Annual, seasonal, cultural and vacation patterns in sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundTime spent in daily activities (sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity) has important consequences for health and wellbeing. The amount of time spent varies from day to day, yet little is known about the temporal nature of daily activity patterns in adults. The aim of this review is to identify the annual rhythms of daily activity behaviours in healthy adults and explore what temporal factors appear to influence these rhythms.MethodsSix online databases were searched for cohort studies exploring within-year temporal patterns (e.g. season effects, vacation, cultural festivals) in sleep, sedentary behaviour or physical activity in healthy 18 to 65-year-old adults. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias scoring were performed in duplicate. Extracted data was presented as mean daily minutes of each activity type, with transformations performed as needed. Where possible, meta-analyses were performed using random effect models to calculate standardised mean differences (SMD).ResultsOf the 7009 articles identified, 17 studies were included. Studies were published between 2003 and 2019, representing 14 countries and 1951 participants, addressing variation in daily activities across season (n = 11), Ramadan (n = 4), vacation (n = 1) and daylight savings time transitions (n = 1). Meta-analyses suggested evidence of seasonal variation in activity patterns, with sleep highest in autumn (+ 12 min); sedentary behaviour highest in winter (+ 19 min); light physical activity highest in summer (+ 19 min); and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity highest in summer (+ 2 min) when compared to the yearly mean. These trends were significant for light physical activity in winter (SMD = − 0.03, 95% CI − 0.58 to − 0.01, P = 0.04). Sleep appeared 64 min less during, compared to outside Ramadan (non-significant). Narrative analyses for the impact of vacation and daylight savings suggested that light physical activity is higher during vacation and that sleep increases after the spring daylight savings transition, and decreases after the autumn transition.ConclusionsResearch into temporal patterns in activity behaviours is scarce. Existing evidence suggests that seasonal changes and periodic changes to usual routine, such as observing religious events, may influence activity behaviours across the year. Further research measuring 24-h time use and exploring a wider variety of temporal factors is needed.

ACCEPTANCE OF E-LEARNING AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC SITUATION-TEACHERS’ AND STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE

The situation in higher education at the end of the first quarter of 2020 was both a surprise and a challenge for the University students, teachers and authorities. No one nowadays questions the advantages of e-learning, but the awareness of existing limitations may contribute to better implementation of e-learning and finally lead to higher effectiveness. Every new technological solution, especially when implemented quickly and without any preparation, raises many technological and social problems. The aim of the research was to determine a change in the level of acceptance of e-learning at the University level, in the period 2020-2021. The conducted surveys on representative samples of students and teachers has confirmed a more open attitude of students towards e-learning, compared to the group of teachers. In students’ opinion, e-learning in particular saves time, enables flexible classes schedules and improves communication with teachers. Unfortunately, teachers were not as optimistic as students. © 2021, Czestochowa University of Technology. All rights reserved.

The Ethical Conundrums of “Precision Psychiatry”

The Ethical Conundrums of “Precision Psychiatry”