Saccharum Officinarum Research Articles

Determinación de los factores que afectan el color y el contenido de azúcar de la panela de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.)

The objective of this study was to determine the factors that affect the color and reducing sugar content of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.), fundamental factors in the quality and marketing of product that must be evaluated and that will allow the improvement of the artisanal production of sugar cane panela. For this purpose, the MY5514 variety harvested at optimum maturity time was used and a 24 factorial design was applied to evaluate the incidence of the factors: ºBrix, purity (%), lime concentration (g.L-1) and baking temperature (ºC), on the response variables: "color" and "reducing sugar content (%)", under a completely randomized design with three replications. It was found that the significant factors for the response variable "color" for the three coordinates evaluated were: lime concentration (g.L-1), cooking temperature (ºC) and purity content (%) for the L* coordinate; ºBrix for the a* coordinate and purity content (%) for the b* coordinate. With respect to the response variable "reducing sugars (%)", the factors that significantly affected were cooking temperature (ºC) and purity content (%). It is recommended to use any of the combinations of these two factors, except the combination of 110 ºC and 95% purity, because generates a final product with commercial characteristics not desired by the consumer. Key words: sugar cane sugar, controllable factors, reducing sugars, ºBrix, purity (%), processing.

Transcriptome analysis of chilling-responsive gene expression profiles in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) with different response to nano-graphene

Transcriptome analysis of chilling-responsive gene expression profiles in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) with different response to nano-graphene

Quality Coefficient on Gene Differentiation and Phenotype: Clone Assessment of Saccharum officinarum LINN

The production sugarcane of superior varieties can be achieved through cross-breeding between superior parent plants based on the desired advantages. This research examines the diversity of superior clones SB04, SB11, SB19, and SB20, and identifies which clones have the highest productivity potential. The first ratoon research was carried out from August 2020 to July 2021. Data analysis used descriptive-analytic methods, regression tests, and genetic diversity assessment. Observation variables include agronomic variables and potential productivity. The findings show the genetic diversity of the superior clone SB04 showed close similarity to the heterozygous combination PS862. The superior clone SB11 showed a tendency to inherit traits similar to Cenning Elder. The superior clones SB19 and SB20 lean towards the VMC71-238 variety and the combination of PSBM01 and VMC71-238. The superior clones SB04, SB11, SB19, and SB20 produced higher variable weight, yield, and sugarcane crystal weight compared to the characteristics of their two parents. These clones—SB04, SB11, SB19, and SB20—produced high crystallization yields, ranging from 8.47 to 15.26 tonnes/ha, higher than their parent plants. SB19 has the highest yield, namely 15.26 tons/ha. Although some clones dominate crystal production, other clones inherit traits from both parents but are less dominant in overall productivity.

Simple fabrication of green nanocellulose-reinforced sugarcane (S. officinarum) bagasse film with improved water barrier properties

This study reports a simple fabrication of green sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse nanocomposite-based films with improved water barrier properties. In this work, cellulose nanofibers derived from sugarcane bagasse (SB-CNF) were employed as reinforcing agents. The reinforcing effects of varying SB-CNF concentrations, ranging from 10 to 40 wt%, on the characteristics and functionalities of nanocomposite films were measured. Our results demonstrated that the film incorporating 30 % SB-CNF into the SB matrix exhibited optimal characteristics and was chosen for further evaluation of its water barrier properties. To enhance the water barrier properties of the resulting films, different concentrations of lysozyme (0, 3.5, 7, 10.5, and 14 wt%) were incorporated into the film matrix. With the addition of 3.5 % LZ, the film exhibited enhanced water barrier properties, yielding a water contact angle of 97.60 ± 0.79°, a water solubility of 18.64 ± 0.79 %, and a water vapour permeability of 0.65 ± 0.04 g mm/m2 d kPa. The film also showcased its ability to retain water over the course of 120 minutes, with a swelling ratio of 430 %. An increase in mechanical strength (67.28 ± 0.58 MPa) and transparency (88.70 ± 0.39 %) of the film was also noted. The observed findings were attributed to the good dispersion and excellent intermolecular interactions between the lysozyme and the SB/30 %SB-CNF. These results offer a promising prospect for utilization in food packaging applications, with an emphasis on food preservation.

OPTIMIZATION OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM l.) JUICE MICROFILTRATION FOR STORAGE STABILITY AND ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY

Objective: Sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum l.) is a natural source of liquid carbohydrates traditionally used for health and help with diabetes. The content of flavonoids, octacosanol, and saccharic compounds in sugarcane juice is proven to have antihyperglycemic activity, so it is safe to use by diabetics. Unfortunately, sugarcane juice is only stable for 4 h at room temperature. The study aimed to improve sugarcane juice's stability and obtain data on its antihyperglycemic effect. Methods: This research was conducted by making sugarcane juice, which was then carried out sterilization by microfiltration. The sugarcane juice is then packaged in a special sterile plastic. The results of sugarcane juice storage were then tested for stability at a certain time and antihyperglycemic effectiveness in mice. Results: The results showed that the stability of sugarcane juice can be extended up to 168 h. Sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum l.) at a dose of 5.6 mg/20 g Bodyweight, a dose of 11.2 mg/20 g Bodyweight, and a dose of 16.8 mg/20 g Bodyweight has an antihyperglycemic effect. Conclusion: Microfiltration techniques can be used to increase the shelf life of sugarcane juice and maintain its qualities as an antihyperglycemic for quite a long time.

Sugarcane sustainability in a changing climate: a systematic review on pests, diseases, and adaptive strategies

The cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in the face of climate change requires robust strategies for managing pests, diseases, and weeds. This systematic review exposes critical deficiencies in current practices and underscores the need for climate-adaptive strategies. Climate change differentially influences pest behaviour, disease progression, and weed growth across various regions, yet the lack of region-specific responses impairs effective management. The review emphasizes the necessity for localized approaches that consider specific climatic conditions and the development of predictive models to anticipate pest and disease outbreaks. These models include Decision Support Systems (DSS), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) models, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Species Distribution Models (SDMs), Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM), and Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Crucial strategies encompass integrated pest and disease management, adaptive breeding, precision agriculture, and ongoing innovation. Precision agriculture technologies, such as remote sensing and drones, enable early detection and prompt interventions. By adopting these adaptive measures and addressing existing research gaps, the sugarcane industry can bolster its resilience and maintain productivity amidst evolving climatic conditions.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71.

Sugarcane Cultivation Amidst Climate Change Challenges: An in-depth Review of Mitigation Strategies and Environmental Resilience

The sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) holds global significance for sugar and bioenergy production, contributing to the gross domestic product of Pakistan and generating employment. However, environmental degradation resulting from global warming, climate change, and high greenhouse gas emissions pose a critical threat to the sugarcane as well as the sugarcane industry worldwide. Developing countries, like Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh are likely to be more affected because of poor adaptability and forecasting systems, high vulnerability to disasters/extreme events, and insufficient mitigation strategies. Sugarcane production is affected by shifts in climatic conditions, such as temperature, rainfall, and CO2 level, and will continue to be affected by the onset of such events, which are directly linked to geographical areas and the capacity to adapt to such changes. This paper gives a brief description of the challenges and behavior of sugarcane crops to climate change, and the future trend of climate change with respect to sugarcane production to better quantify, comprehend, and counteract the potential negative impact by enhancing the sugarcane production on a sustainable and economically viable basis.

Knowledge of residents about Chagas disease and its vectors in a municipality of Juruá, Amazonas

Introduction: Chagas disease (CD) is an infectious condition caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, primarily transmitted by vectors. Understanding the diversity of these vectors in a region is crucial for disease prophylaxis, with vector control being the main measure to reduce its incidence. Therefore, it is essential to enhance knowledge about triatomines to guide prevention and promotion actions, with active community participation. Objective: to describe residents’ knowledge about Chagas disease and its vectors in a municipality in the Western Amazon of Brazil. Methods: the data was collected by means of an interview with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire containing objective and subjective questions to residents over 18 years of age in the urban area of the municipality of Guajará - AM in their homes. Results: out of 400 participants, 75% reported having heard of Triatomines. 65.38% of those who encountered a suspected insect in their home or surroundings claimed to have killed it and most could not indicate where the insect should be taken (91.25%). Only 40.25% correctly identified the triatomines, with Rhodnius montenegrensis (22.75%) being the most chosen. Most were unaware of signs/symptoms (70.25%), transmission routes (52.75%), and preventive measures (62.5%) related to CD. Regarding dietary habits: 93% consumed açaí (Euterpe olerácea), 88.75% buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), 65.5% sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), 50.5% bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba), 50.25% patoá (Oenocarpus bataua), and 75.75% game meat. Conclusion: the research revealed several knowledge gaps on the topic, emphasizing the need to intensify health education actions.

Creating a bio‐based circular economy from Louisiana sugarcane byproducts

AbstractSugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is Louisiana's number one row crop. Growing and processing sugarcane produces significant amounts of byproducts, including bagasse, crop residue, molasses, filter‐press mud, and boiler fly ash. These products represent an important opportunity to generate value‐added and specialty products and enhance sugarcane's sustainability by facilitating a circular economy, where agricultural by‐products are reused instead of disposing them (linear economy), in order to reduce resource use and energy demand. Examples of value‐added products range from biochar, construction materials, animal feed, biofuels, nanoparticles, and fertilizer. Paramount to the success of the bio‐based circular economy is creating useful products that are sustainable, economically, and environmentally acceptable. Some potential roadblocks to creating a successful bio‐based circular economy from Louisiana's sugarcane by‐products are highlighted.Core Ideas The Louisiana sugar industry produces large amounts of biomass‐derived byproducts each year. Byproducts could be reused, recycled, or reformed instead of being discarded. Creating industries around these products boosts the circular economy.

Growth Dynamics of Sugarcane in North Karnataka, India

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) holds immense significance in India's agricultural, economic and industrial spheres. In Karnataka, sugarcane was cultivated on an area of 6.37 lakh hectares with annual production of 61.15 million tonnes (2021-22). Bagalkote district ranked as the state's second-largest sugarcane producer, accounting for 16.82 per cent of the total cultivated area and contributed for 15.06 per cent in the total production of the state. The present study was conducted to know trends in sugarcane cultivation in Karnataka and Bagalkote district. The secondary data on area, production and productivity of sugarcane for a period of 20 years (2001-2021) were collected from the publications of Department of Economics and Statistics (DES) and were analysed using Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) and Cuddy Della Valle Index. The results of the analysis revealed a significant compound growth rate of 3.50 per cent annually for sugarcane production in Karnataka, driven by augmented area and productivity and area under sugarcane expanded by 2.92 per cent per annum. In Bagalkote district, sugarcane production increased by 4.21 per cent annually, attributed solely to the increased cultivated area, even though productivity exhibited a slight decline. The Cuddy-Della Valle Index revealed higher instability in production and area compared to productivity in both Karnataka and Bagalkote district. The study highlights the importance of farmers adopting new high-yielding sugarcane varieties that demonstrate resilience to adverse weather conditions, pests, and diseases as a means to sustain and boost productivity for higher sugarcane production.

Role of Co and Ni ferrites in the fabrication of Saccharum officinarum bioadsorbents for removing As(III)

Removal of arsenic from drinking water is one of the most significant worldwide concerns. Adsorptive removal of arsenic is highly practical and efficient among the various methods. The green synthesis using sugarcane extract was eco-friendly, and cost-effective and resulted in adsorbents having magnetic behavior and a high capacity for arsenic. In the present study, activated carbon (ACs) of sugarcane and its surface, functionalized with nickel ferrite (AC/NFO) and cobalt ferrite (AC/CFO) were used as biosorbents for the removal of As(III) from aqueous medium. The functionalization was undertaken in a controlled hydrothermal method using Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) extract as a green source. The morphology, functionality, thermal stability, structure, magnetic behavior, surface area and porosity of adsorbents were confirmed by SEM, FTIR, TGA, XRD, VSM, BJH and AFM. The sorption behavior was determined with the effect of pH, time, concentration, temperature and dose. Pseudo-second order and Langmuir models were found suitable to validate the sorption data. Thermodynamics of the sorption process and the desorption studies suggested that the governing mechanism is chemisorption. The adsorption capacities for AC2, AC2C2 and AC2N2 were 961 µg/g, 1103 µg/g and 1000 µg/g respectively. Among the studied samples, AC2C2 was found as a potential candidate due to its high adsorptive efficiency of 97 % for As(III).

Unraveling the Potential of Saccharum officinarum and Chlorella vulgaris towards 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is often used as a chemotherapeutic agent in treating tumors and is said to have adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Chlorella vulgaris (VL) and Saccharum officinarum L. (SOL) against 5-FU-induced nephrotoxicity in rats through the measurement of renal histology, kidney damage indicators, and antioxidant measures. A total of forty-eight male rats were allotted into six groups: group 1 acted as a control negative group (control), group 2 received 5-FU and worked as a control positive group (FU), group 3 received SOL 15 mL/kg (SOL), group 4 received VL 400 mg/kg (VL), group 5 received 5-FU+SOL (5-FU+SOL), and group 6 received 5-FU+VL (5-FU+VL). After fifteen days, blood and renal tissue specimens were collected for hematological, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological examinations. Findings of the current investigation showed that 5-FU leads to hematological alterations and kidney injury evinced by elevated serum concentrations of uric acid, creatinine, and urea (p < 0.01), and a marked increase in kidney MDA and NO levels with a reduction in kidney CAT, SOD and GSH activities (p < 0.05). Alterations of the histopathological structure of kidney tissue in the FU group were noticed compared to the other groups. 5-FU administration elevated expression levels of TNF-α, lipocalin 2, and KIM1 (p < 0.01) compared to the control ones. 5-FU-induced nephrotoxicity was ameliorated after treatment with SOL and VL via their free radical scavenging, potent antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the treatment with SOL and VL significantly improved nephrotoxicity induced by 5-FU in rats.

Determining Factors and Economic Injury Levels for Sphenophorus levis for Chemical and Biological Control in Irrigated and Non-irrigated Sugarcane Crops.

Globally, people use sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) to produce sugar and ethanol. Rainfed or irrigated sugarcane agricultural systems are available. Among the pests affecting this crop, the weevil Sphenophorus levis, Vaurie 1978 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is increasingly becoming a significant threat in southern South America. Sphenophorus levis populations are controlled using chemical or biological measures. Control decisions hinge upon the economic injury level (EIL). The EIL delineates the pest density that results in financial losses for producers. This study aims to determine the EIL for S. levis, considering the factors favoring this insect pest and chemical and biological control methods in rainfed and irrigated systems. The intensity of S. levis attacks was monitored in commercial sugarcane plantations over four years in João Pinheiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sampling occurred in a 50 × 50 × 30-cm-deep trench dug in the soil surrounding the sugarcane clump. The total number of stumps in the clump, including those attacked by S. levis, was tallied. The EILs for this pest were 5.93% and 4.85% of targeted stumps for chemical control in rainfed and irrigated crops, respectively. Biological control in sugarcane plots resulted in an EIL of 4.15% and 3.40% for stumps attacked in rainfed and irrigated crops, respectively. Pest attacks were more severe during rainy years and in older sugarcane crops. The EIL values determined in this study could inform integrated pest management programs for sugarcane crops.

Nanoarchitectonics of hydrothermal carbonized sugarcane juice-derived biochar for high supercapacitance and dye adsorption performance

Here, we report the exfoliation of micron-sphere biochar to a few layers using the conventional KOH activation process. Micron-sphere biochar is obtained from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum). HR-TEM and Raman spectroscopy studies revealed the conversion of micron-sphere biochar (MSB) to a few layers of biochar (FLB) in the activation process. BET characterization revealed FLB with a high surface area of 681.21 m2/g having mesopores. Consequently, an electrochemical study demonstrated excellent supercapacitor performance with a specific capacitance of 964.5 F/g and an energy density of 33.11 Wh/kg at a maximum power density of 936 W/kg. Batch adsorption studies showed rapid Methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption in 10 min. The equilibrium data analysis indicated the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. Evaluation of the kinetic models suggests that pseudo-second-order kinetics is the most appropriate model, implying that the adsorption of MB dye is primarily due to chemisorption. These findings suggest a Nanoarchitectonics of biochar into a few layers using traditional KOH activation, suitable for various applications.

Analysis of the Socioeconomic Situation of Small and Medium Sugar Producers in the Canton Marcelino Maridueña, Ecuador

The global production of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) in 2020 was 1,869,715,086 tons. The countries with the highest production were Brazil, India, China, and Pakistan. Ecuador has approximately 130,000 hectares of land dedicated to sugarcane cultivation. The objective of this study was to analyze the socioeconomic situation of small and medium-sized sugarcane producers in the canton of Coronel Marcelino Maridueña. The research employed a descriptive approach, with the survey technique being used to collect information. A questionnaire was designed for sugarcane producers, which was previously validated. The variables considered were related to social, economic, productive, and market aspects. A total of 75 producers were surveyed. In terms of social aspects, the study found that 81% of families have between two and five members, 67% have completed secondary education, and 73% have access to basic services such as water, electricity, and telephone. In terms of economic aspects, the study found that 87% of producers have Access to credit is a significant issue for producers. In terms of production, 65% of producers have between 21 and 91 hectares of land, with the predominant varieties being ECU-01 and ECU-03. In terms of the market, 95% of producers sell their crops to the San Carlos sugar mill. The agronomic practices employed in this crop are predominantly conventional, encompassing the use of agricultural machinery for plowing, soil turning, and harvesting, in addition to the application of agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides.

Nephroprotective effect of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves ethanol extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Kidney damage is commonly attributed to using certain drugs, such as gentamicin, which causes elevated kidney parameters in blood and damage to renal tissue. This damage is often a result of oxidative stress, but it can be mitigated by using antioxidants. Several studies proved the potential of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves as an antioxidant. Therefore, this experiment aimed to examine the nephroprotective action of sugarcane leaves. Twenty-five Wistar rats were separated into the normal, negative, and sugarcane leaf extract (SLE) (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg BW) groups. The animals were handled for 8 days, and then, the blood and tissue were collected 24 h later. The results revealed that SLE prevents increased creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and malondialdehyde levels. The histology analysis indicated that the extract improved kidney morphology and histopathology. Sugarcane leaves have the potential to be a nephroprotective agent.

Effect of planting geometries and integrated nutrient management practices on growth, yield, quality and economics of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) of Konkan region

Effect of planting geometries and integrated nutrient management practices on growth, yield, quality and economics of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) of Konkan region

Effect of Alkaline Concentration and Temperature on Lignin Extraction from Sugarcane Bagasse

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is used in various applications, including the production of raw sugar, to be consumed, either directly as food or sugarcane juice. It is reported that 1 ton of sugarcane would generate nearly 280 kg of bagasse and they would be burnt up and leads to air pollution. In fact, sugarcane bagasse contains high lignin content, having Ultraviolet (UV) protection properties. The objective of this study is to determine the best concentration of sodium hydroxide and temperature to extract high yield of lignin for UV protection properties. In this project, sugarcane bagasse is collected from hawker stall in Taman Universiti, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. The lignin composition in sugarcane bagasse was analyzed, giving 16.7± 4.8 wt% of sugarcane bagasse. Alkali extraction of sugarcane bagasse has been carried out by using different concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) and temperatures (60 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C, 120 °C, 140 °C) in water bath at a fixed time, 1 hour. According to the experiment conducted, the best condition is 10% NaOH concentration, temperature of 100 °C for 1 hour, as the highest yield of lignin can be extracted, which is 55.8±1.92 wt%, with a purity of 28.1±10.75%. Ultraviolet protection properties of lignin had been analyzed by determining the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). It was done by blending different concentration of lignin into a base cream. The SPF achieved for 5% lignin-blended cream was 4.76 and for 10% lignin-blended cream was 5.78 respectively.

ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF MICROORGANISMS FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION

Citric acid is a weak acid and naturally occurring antioxidant. Due to its wide application in the food industry, cosmetics and manufacturing cleaning products, Citric acid is artificially synthesized by exploiting microorganisms, especially fungi. With an aim of isolating and screening the potential microorganisms for citric acid production, the present study was carried out by collecting samples of decaying fruits and vegetables from the local market of Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India viz., Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Vitis vinifera, Malus pumila, Ananas comosus, Solanum tuberosum, Punica granatum, Citrullus lanatus, Musa paradisiaca, Solanum lycopersicum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Mangifera indica, Manilkara zapota, Beta vulgaris, Saccharum officinarum, Ipomoea batatas, Daucus carota, Psidium guajava, Solanum melongena and Abelmoschus esculentus. A total of 20 isolates have been isolated from the samples, out of 20 fungal isolates, 7 isolates viz., KLV03, KLV04, KLV07, KLV10, KLV11, KLV13 and KLV14 showed significant acid unitage values of 3.00, 1.88, 3.36, 1.31, 2.35, 1 and 1 respectively. Among these, KLV07 isolate showed the highest acid unitage value of 3.36.

Appraisement of chemotherapy, plant defense activators, and genetic resistance against eyespot disease in sugarcane

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a crucial agro-industrial crop that faces numerous biotic and abiotic challenges. One of the most severe biotic stresses affecting sugarcane is eyespot disease, caused by Bipolaris sacchari. This study focused on managing eyespot disease using resistant varieties, chemicals, and plant defense activators. Disease samples were collected from Lalian, Chiniot, and Faisalabad, and the pathogen was isolated and identified from the infected leaves. In the screening experiment, 10 sugarcane varieties were evaluated. CPF-246 exhibited high resistance, while CPF-247 and CPF-77400 showed resistance to eyespot disease. The poisoned food technique was used to assess fungicides at different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 ppm) under in vitro conditions. Tilt (Propiconazole) exhibited the maximum growth inhibition (4.645 mm) under these conditions. Plant activators were tested at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%) in greenhouse conditions. Salicylic acid resulted in the minimum disease incidence (13.236%, 7.483%, and 6.473%) after 15, 30, and 45 days, respectively. Under field conditions, the combination of Salicylic acid and Tilt (12.395%) showed the lowest disease incidence. By employing these newly investigated management strategies, the farming community can effectively combat the significant threat posed by eyespot disease to the sugarcane industry.