Saccharated Iron Oxide Research Articles

Common Bile Duct Obstruction and Anaphylaxis

We have elsewhere reported that blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system with India ink or saccharated iron oxide does not materially modify anaphylactic shock in the dog. In the preceding paper we have shown that the hyperbilirubinemia resulting from injections of bilirubin leads to a retention of bromsulphalein. Klein and Levinson1 and more recently Mills and Dragstedt2 have reported studies indicating that reticulo-endothelial blockade causes a retention of bromsulphalein. Interpreting the dye retention from a hyperbilirubinemia as a form of physiological blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system it seemed worth while to repeat our anaphylactic studies on jaundiced animals. Theoretically at least, the blockade occurring in dogs with obstructive jaundice should be more complete than that produced with foreign materials as it is constant and progressive.Anaphylactic shock was induced in 8 horse serum sensitized dogs in which the common bile duct had been obstructed. In one animal the obstruction pre...

Bilirubinemia and Bromsulphalein Retention

We have previously reported that reticulo-endothelial blockade produced by the intravenous injection of India ink or saccharated iron oxide leads to a retention of intravenously injected bromsulphalein. That bromsulphalein disappears from the blood in normal animals faster than it is excreted in the bile has been recognized by various workers. This observation is in harmony with the occurrence of retention after reticulo-endothelial blockade. Theoretically therefore, bromsulphalein retention may be due to either a dysfunction of the reticulo-endothelial system or a defective hepatic excretion or both. In some experiments designed to study this relationship it was considered necessary to determine whether there is any mutual interference between bilirubin and bromsulphalein with respect to their rates of elimination from the blood stream. The present report is concerned with the effect of injected bilirubin on bromsulphalein elimination. The experiments were performed upon dogs, both normal and anesthetized. Pure bilirubin (Eastman Kodak Company) dissolved in distilled water with the aid of a few drops of 10% sodium hydroxide solution was used. Bromsulphalein tests were performed in the usual way, using 2 mg. per kilo of dye and determining the dye concentration in plasma samples obtained at 5 minutes and at 30 minutes, the reported figures for each test indicating the percentage of dye in a 5-minute sample and in a 30-minute sample respectively. Five mg. per kilo was given to 4 normal dogs. In one dog a bromsulphalein test was run immediately and showed no retention (10–0). In the other 3 the bromsulphalein was injected 30 to 180 minutes after the bilirubin. Very slight retentions occurred (20–0, 30–5, 15–0 respectively). Ten mg. per kilo was given to 3 normal dogs. Thirty to 180 minutes later the bromsulphalein tests showed retentions of 40–10, 20–0, and 40–10 respectively.

Effect of Iron on Hemoglobin Regeneration in Gastrectomized Dogs

We have previously shown that the gastrectomized dog has a markedly reduced capacity to regenerate hemoglobin when maintained at anemic levels on various diets. The average production capacity is approximately 10% of that of normal dogs and is around 0.2 gm. of hemoglobin per day on a meat diet. It was also noted that liver feeding or the administration of liver extract 343 (Lilly) is comparatively ineffectual in increasing the level of hemoglobin production. Liver extract 55 (Lilly), however, caused a definite increase in hemoglobin production. As this preparation contains added iron, the present studies were directed to determining the effect of the oral administration of iron. Incidentally, the character of the blood findings during the period of anemia and of iron therapy were followed. The same 4 dogs used in the previous study were used, the gastrectomy operation thus preceding the present experiments by from 2 to 3 years. The technique of study was similar to that used previously. The dogs were maintained at an anemic level (e. g., hemoglobin levels of 6 to 9 gm. per 100 cc.) by intermittent bleeding, the hemoglobin production for a given period being determined as the total hemoglobin removed by the bleedings plus or minus the gain or deficit in total circulating hemoglobin during the same time. This is the method developed by Whipple and his coworkers. The hemoglobin determinations were made with a Sahli-Hellige Haemometer and the blood volume determinations by the method of Keith and Rowntree as modified by Whipple. One dog (No. 12) was spontaneously anemic and was not subjected to bleedings. After several consecutive periods of standardization on a meat diet alone, iron in the form of Blaud's pills (Pills of Ferrous Carbonate), ferric ammonium citrate, or saccharated iron oxide was administered orally and the hemoglobin production during the iron regime determined.

Effect of reticulo-endothelial blockade on agglutinin formation.

ConclusionThe Mockade of the reticula-endothelial system of rabbits with saccharated iron oxide had no apparent effect on typhoid agglutinin formation.